Modification and validation of the teen vaccine hesitancy scale toward vaccines for adolescents.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish adherence to exercise for musculoskeletal pain tool (ATEMPT) in people with musculoskeletal chronic pain.

To investigate longitudinal relationships among psychological stress, inflammation biomarkers, and cognitive function over a 9-year period using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted on MIDUS Wave 2 data (M2, N = 790), incorporating biomarkers of stress (cortisol, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine), inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, soluble ICAM-1), and cognition (episodic memory, executive function), with follow-up cognitive outcomes from MIDUS Wave 3 (M3). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) assessed measurement validity, and key SEM assumptions were tested. CFA indicated acceptable model fit. SEM revealed significant cross-sectional associations among stress, inflammation, and cognitive variables at baseline. Baseline cognitive function strongly predicted follow-up cognition 9 years later, indicating high longitudinal stability. However, stress and inflammation biomarkers from M2 did not directly predict M3 cognition. Indirect effects emerged: M2 cognition influenced both M3 executive function and episodic memory through M3 global cognition. Multi-group analysis showed no gender-based differences in model paths. Stress and inflammation biomarkers were associated with cognition cross-sectionally but showed no direct long-term effects. Findings highlight the relative stability and predictive continuity of midlife cognition rather than substantial mean-level change, underscoring midlife as a critical window for sustaining cognitive health.

Validation and cross-cultural measurement invariance of the English and French versions of the Decision Regret Scale among people living with chronic noncancer pain: A secondary analysis of the DECIDE-PAIN pan-Canadian survey.

The pervasive influence of social media has created a need for valid tools to assess Social Media Parenting (SMP) across cultures. This study validated the Persian version of the Social Media Parenting Scale (SMPS) for use in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 500 Iranian parents were selected via convenience sampling. Validation included Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) on split-half samples, plus Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and Bootstrap EGA to assess dimensionality. Reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, Composite Reliability, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed via Average Variance Extracted and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. EFA identified a stable six-factor structure (Learning Parenting, Digital Security, Sharenting, Parental Mediation, Teaching Parenting, Parents' Social Media Use), explaining 53.62% of variance. CFA models showed excellent fit (CFI & TLI>0.97, RMSEA ≈ 0.04, SRMR <0.02). All subscales demonstrated high reliability (α: 0.768-0.903, ω: 0.782-0.941). Convergent (AVE>0.50) and discriminant validity were confirmed. EGA and bootEGA strongly supported the six-factor model, replicating it in 99.8% of iterations with high stability. The validated Persian SMPS is a reliable six-factor tool suitable for research and needs assessment to inform digital parenting interventions in Iran. Further validation is required for clinical or policy applications.

Patient-centred care is essential for managing Type 2 diabetes, as it relies on understanding patients' experiences and perspectives. However, in Thailand, no culturally adapted patient-reported experience measure (PREM) exists to capture these insights and support quality improvement in diabetes care. To develop and validate a culturally adapted PREM for Thai people with Type 2 diabetes receiving primary care. This mixed-methods study was conducted at Saraphi Hospital, Chiang Mai, from July to December 2024. Stage 1 involved drafting the initial PREM based on a prior scoping review. In Stage 2, content validity was assessed by experts, and face validity was evaluated through patient interviews. Stage 3 involved a quantitative survey of patients to assess construct validity and reliability using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The initial PREM included 37 items across four domains, developed based on findings from the scoping review. After expert and patient feedback, the tool was refined. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the tool's structure, resulting in a final version with 16 items across four domains: care planning, patient education, professionalism and quality of service. This final PREM structure explained 60.1% of overall variance, and demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.84), supporting its utility for capturing patient experiences in the Thai healthcare setting. This study developed the first culturally adapted PREM for Thai people living with diabetes. Although further implementation is needed, this current validated tool can support patient-centred care in Thailand and other low- and middle-income settings in Southeast Asia. The development of this instrument actively involved patients throughout key stages. During content validation, individuals living with diabetes participated in an expert panel and provided feedback on item clarity, relevance and comprehensiveness. Their suggestions directly influenced revisions to the questionnaire. For face validity, a pilot test was conducted with patients in a primary care setting, gathering their insights on wording, usability and cultural appropriateness. Their contributions ensured the tool was clear, acceptable and contextually relevant to Thai people living with diabetes.

Parents of children with rare diseases (RDs) face significant burdens, including economic, psychosocial, and physical challenges, and long-term care issues decrease the overall quality of life for the family. Assessing the validity and reliability of the Parental Needs Scale for Rare Diseases (PNS-RD) for the Turkish population is a critical step in developing support systems for parents of children with rare diseases. We planned this research to evaluate the validity and reliability of the PNS-RD in Turkish society. This study was undertaken with 264 parents оf rare disease children. All data were collected using a socio-demographic characteristics information form and the PNS-RD scale. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to assess our scale's validity. Then, Cronbach's α value and Pearson correlation analyses were selected to examine the item-total score correlations. The scale's explained variance rate was 76.10%. In our study, all fitness markers overwrote the hallmark of 0.90 when the factor loadings exceeded the threshold of 0.30. Besides, the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was under 0.080 and had a good statistical fit. The instrument showed internal consistency in our study, and the scale's sub-dimensions also exhibited high reliability. With all our results, the PNS-RD is a valid and reliable scale for Turkish society's assessment of parents' needs. Its use in clinical and research settings will help pediatric nurses better understand families' unmet needs and guide support programs. This study on the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of PNS-RD aims to address the gap in understanding the needs of parents with children with rare diseases. Introducing this scale into Turkish literature will establish a foundation for future research. This scale, which identifies parents' needs, will assist in developing intervention programs to meet those needs moving forward.

Development and validation of an observer-rated scale for self-care behaviors among mildly to moderately disabled community-dwelling elderly.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and acceptability of the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA) in a sample of UK-based East-Asian adults. Although widely used in cross-cultural research, relatively few studies have assessed the factor structure, validity, and user acceptability of the VIA in non-North American samples. A total of 236 East-Asian participants (mean age = 26.8, 47.06% female) completed the 20-item VIA and demographic questions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using AMOS with maximum likelihood estimation and robust standard errors. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal axis factoring and varimax rotation was also performed. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and acceptability were evaluated. CFA showed poor model fit for the original two-factor VIA structure: χ2(169) = 367.12, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.84; RMSEA = 0.089. The Mainstream factor showed weak and mostly nonsignificant loadings, while the Heritage factor demonstrated strong loadings. Internal consistency was high for Heritage (α = 0.91) and acceptable for Mainstream (α = 0.81). EFA supported a refined 17-item two-factor model, excluding three low-loading Mainstream items. Discriminant validity was supported, but convergent validity was only partially established. Acceptability data indicated that while most items were well received, several were perceived as culturally ambiguous. Findings support the VIA's bidimensional structure but suggest that cross-cultural adaptation may be needed to improve measurement accuracy in UK-based East Asian populations. The study highlights the importance of further validation in culturally diverse samples.

Validation and cultural adaptation of the Arabic translation of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism.

Adaptation of attitudes towards punishment scale: The Penas-SP scale.

This study constructs and validates an instrument for evaluating sustainability competencies in higher education, particularly within the context of education for sustainable development. The instrument assesses knowledge, attitudes, and values critical for tackling sustainability challenges. The creation involved expert evaluations and a comprehensive survey of 644 pre-service biology teachers in Indonesia. The analysis employed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, leading to the identification of seven essential competency dimensions: systems thinking competency, anticipatory competency, normative competency, strategic competency, collaboration competency, self-awareness competency, and problem-solving competency. The analysis categorized these into two primary factors: social competence and collaboration, and critical thinking and sustainable action. The instrument demonstrated reliability and construct validity, evidenced by a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.88, indicating its robustness. This instrument is a valuable resource for incorporating sustainability competencies into higher education programs and curricula. Future research should implement this in diverse educational settings and integrate qualitative methods to enhance the understanding of sustainability competency development.

Despite the benefits design for adaptability (DfA) contributes to achieving sustainability and circularity in the construction industry, studies have demonstrated that construction professionals are yet to realize its full potential. This study examines the strategies that can enhance the practice of DfA among design professionals in the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI). A quantitative approach was used to achieve the aim of the study by soliciting the views of 236 design professionals in the GCI through structured questionnaires. Data gathered were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed six key categories of strategies (i.e., management strategies, economic strategies, governmental regulations and policy strategies, design strategies, technological strategies and social strategies) to enhance the implementation of DfA practices in the GCI. This study highlights the theoretical and practical implications of DfA implementation, offering actionable insights for construction stakeholders to foster sustainability and resilience in the built environment. It contributes to academic discourse by categorizing strategies and proposing an implementation framework relevant to developing economies like Ghana. • Identifies six key strategy categories for enhancing Design for Adaptability (DfA) in Ghana. • Employs confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses to validate DfA implementation strategies. • Proposes a framework for DfA implementation relevant to developing economies. • Offers insights for construction stakeholders to foster sustainability in the built environment. • Contributes to academic discourse on DfA in the context of Ghana’s construction industry.

This study developed and validated the Somatic Symptom Disorder Scale (SSDS) to assess Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)-related psychological symptom severity consistent with DSM-5. Psychometric analyses were conducted using three samples: (a) an outpatient clinical group (N=314), (b) a matched nonclinical sample for known-groups validity (N=80), and (c) a separate nonclinical university sample for test-retest reliability (N=73). Reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and convergent and known-groups validity were evaluated. The SSDS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α=0.94 total; 0.89-0.93 subscales). Test-retest reliability conducted in a nonclinical university sample (N=73) indicated strong temporal stability over a two-week interval for the total score (r=0.83, p<.001) and the Cognitive (r=0.83, p<.001), Affective (r=0.77, p<.001), and Behavioral (r=0.76, p<.001) subscales. EFA supported a three-factor, 33-item structure, which CFA confirmed with acceptable fit (χ2/df=2.2, RMSEA=0.063, CFI=0.90, SRMR=0.059). Convergent validity was supported through significant correlations with PHQ-15, PHQ-9, GAD-7, WI-7, and SSAS (r=0.32-0.58, p<.001). Known-groups validity indicated that outpatients had significantly higher SSDS scores than nonclinical university students (t(39)=-8.84, p<.001). The SSDS showed promising reliability and validity for assessing DSM-5-consistent psychological features of SSD. Its overall psychometric properties suggest that it may be useful in both clinical and research contexts.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in language education, and learners' acceptance of AI, together with their multilingual learning enjoyment (MLE) and self-efficacy (SE), is considered pivotal to meaningful learning gains. This study developed an AI Acceptance (AIAC) framework tailored to multilingual language learning and examined whether MLE mediates the association between AIAC and SE. A total of 524 multilingual undergraduates from 11 Chinese universities participated. The scale was constructed and validated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 235 participants and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 289 participants to evaluate model fit and refine items. The finalized framework comprises 14 items across four dimensions - Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Behavioral Intention to Use (BI), and Actual Usage (AU) - capturing learners' AIAC in multilingual tasks. Furthermore, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine how AIAC is associated with learners' SE, focusing on the mediating role of MLE. Results showed both direct and indirect associations between AIAC and SE, with MLE statistically operating as a partial mediator. Based on these findings, the study recommends integrating AI into supportive multilingual tasks and immersive intercultural activities, together with AI value-informed guidance and practical learning support, to help foster acceptance, promote enjoyment, and support learners' SE in multilingual contexts. The validated AIAC framework offers a concise, context-sensitive instrument for research and program evaluation in multilingual settings and provides actionable guidance for curriculum design and teacher development aimed at sustainable AI integration.

Does motivation mean the same for everyone? Exploring factor structure and gender invariance of the academic motivation scale in Indonesian student samples.

Forecasting turbulence: Evidence of affective projection biases in momentary predictive fluctuations using dynamic structural equation modelling.

Developing a scale for mathematics vocabulary self-efficacy: Variations among primary, middle, and high school students.

We aimed to estimate the associations between anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety and depression and general anxiety at the latent level. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3320 adults aged 33-35 years in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and general anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor model with a residual correlation for dental anxiety (comparative fit index [CFI]=0.999, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.038). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate primary latent correlations between anticipatory dental anxiety, treatment-related dental anxiety, depression, and general anxiety. Secondary models adjusted for sex, education, and smoking. Depression and general anxiety correlated strongly (r=0.72). Both anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety showed modest associations with general anxiety (r=0.16-0.18), whereas associations with depression were weaker and attenuated after adjustment. The two dental anxiety constructs were strongly interrelated (r=0.85). Female sex, lower education, and smoking predicted higher dental anxiety. These findings support the distinctiveness of the two constructs of dental anxiety from depression and general anxiety, though partly overlapping with the latter. Future research should further clarify their developmental pathways and shared mechanisms.

Harmonization of late-life participation in cognitively stimulating activities across four cohort studies of cognitive aging.