Psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the State Self-Compassion Scale in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Willingness to Care Scale for elder care in Chinese adults.

Teachers’ conceptions of assessment shape how they interpret and respond to assessment policies. Multiple inventories have been developed to capture how teachers understand assessment from diverse theoretical perspectives. However, it remains unclear whether these inventories capture the same constructs with different terminology or reflect different constructs. To address this issue, this study compared four inventories in China: Chinese Teachers’ Conceptions of Assessment (C-TCoA, 2011), Chinese Approaches to Classroom Assessment Inventory (C-ACAI, 2022), Science Teachers’ Assessment Conceptions Questionnaire (STACQ, 2017), and Teacher Formative Assessment Literacy Scale (TFALS, 2022). Using a chained survey design ( N = 1041), data were analysed with confirmatory factor analysis, multitrait–multimethod correlations, and structural equation modelling. Results showed partial factorial validity and construct overlap. Improvement and accountability were the most consistent dimensions, whereas irrelevance remained independent. These findings suggest similar constructs may be labelled differently across inventories, indicating possible confusion in the field. • Four assessment conception inventories compared using MTMM and SEM in China. • Improvement emerged as the most stable shared construct. • Accountability showed partial overlap across inventories. • Irrelevance functioned as a distinct independent construct. • Findings reveal jingle–jangle fallacy across assessment conception inventories.

Scholars are increasingly focused on women's positive, embodied "breasted experienced", which includes breast appreciation. This positive body image facet is assessed using the 9-item Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS; Swami et al., 2022), but assessments of its psychometric properties in diverse cultural communities are limited. Here, we report on the translation and validation of a French translation of the BrAS in French-Canadian women. A sample of 365 women from Quebec, Canada, completed the French BrAS alongside additional measures. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in two split-half subsamples identified a stable unidimensional model of the BrAS, with six of the nine original items retained. This BrAS model was fully invariant across both split-half subsamples and showed no evidence of differential item functioning in relation to participant age. Latent breast appreciation also evidenced strong composite reliability, as well as adequate convergent and concurrent validity. Specifically, greater breast appreciation was associated with higher overall body appreciation, lower breast size dissatisfaction, better psychological well-being and lower distress, and lower disordered eating patterns. While the present results provide initial psychometric support for the BrAS in French-Canadian women, more work can be done to confirm and extend our findings.

This study developed and validated the Critical Right Scale (CRS) to measure emerging critical right attitudes and revised the Critical Social Justice Attitudes Scale (CSJAS-R), replicating its psychometric evaluation. A nationwide convenience sample of Finnish adults (n = 626) completed an online survey. Item screening used exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation and loading and residual correlation criteria. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measurement invariance testing were conducted in lavaan using full information maximum likelihood. The final CRS consisted of five items with high reliability (α = 0.89, ω = 0.90) and good model fit in both male and female subsamples, with pooled-sample residual misfit judged minor given subgroup results. The CSJAS-R comprised six items with strong reliability (α = 0.88, ω = 0.89) and excellent fit. Both scales met configural and metric invariance; partial scalar invariance was achieved after freeing a small number of item intercepts. CRS scores were strongly associated with right-wing and conservative self-placement with higher scores concentrated among Finns Party and Christian Democrat voters, and weakly linked to perceived oppression. CSJAS-R scores were strongly associated with left-wing and liberal self-placement with higher scores concentrated among Left Alliance and Greens voters, and had a small-to-moderate association with justification of political violence. CRS and CSJAS-R were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.62), indicating divergent validity. Both CRS and CSJAS-R demonstrated strong psychometric properties and distinct ideological profiles, providing validated tools for studying political attitude structures at opposing ends of the ideological spectrum.

Measurement invariance and group differences of the Adolescent Time Attitude Inventory: A multi-group comparison across gender and school stages in Chinese adolescents.

Design and validation of a questionnaire on teachers' uses of generative artificial intelligence

The clinician rated suicide crisis syndrome checklist (SCS-C): Structure, reliability, and concurrent validity among adult psychiatric inpatients.

The Psychological Therapies Outcome Scale-Intellectual Disabilities-II (PTOS-ID-II) is a 29-item self-report measure developed to assess psychological distress and positive well-being in people with an intellectual disability. While initial validation demonstrated promising psychometric properties, further replication in a larger sample was needed, and incorporating insights gained from routine clinical use over the years since its initial implementation. A quantitative cross-sectional design was utilised to test the psychometric properties of the PTOS-ID-II using data collected from routine clinical practice from adults with intellectual disabilities (n = 879) accessing a community health service. Subsequent analyses included dimensionality reduction (via principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis), assessment of internal consistency, concurrent validity and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Analyses were guided by a primer on the development of health outcome measures. Exploration of the proposed factor structure of the PTOS-ID-II indicated that two of the items were problematic and subsequently removed. The new 27-item measure was rebranded 'the Outcomes for Wellbeing and Distress Scale' (OWLS-ID). Analysis of the measure identified and confirmed a three-component model: (1) Positive Well-being, (2) Emotional and Behavioural Discomfort and (3) Anxiety. Internal consistency was good to acceptable. Items related to Emotional and Behavioural Discomfort and Anxiety were combined to create a measure of psychological distress. Concurrent validity between distress as measured using the OWLS-ID and Brief Symptoms Inventory was strong. A cut of 11.5 had acceptable sensitivity (0.85) and specificity (0.9). Analysis of missing data suggested that item acceptability was high. The OWLS-ID is one of the most comprehensively tested patient-reported outcome measures to date, which was developed specifically for individuals with an intellectual disability. Its implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

Age-related differences in the structure of executive function across childhood: evidence from behavioral ratings.

Laissez-faire leadership is considered a negative form of leadership, potentially harming employee health, well-being, work environment, and performance. However, research on boundary conditions explaining its negative effects remains limited. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study examines the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and employee performance, and the buffering effect of self-compassion, defined as being supportive towards oneself when facing suffering or pain. Data were collected from 220 full-time employees across various industries in Norway. To assess discriminant validity and address common method bias, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted before regression analyses. Consistent with hypotheses, laissez-faire leadership was negatively associated with employee performance. Moreover, self-compassion moderated this relationship, with no decline in performance among employees demonstrating moderate to high levels of self-compassion. Our study contributes to the laissez-faire leadership literature by testing whether a coping strategy identified for active destructive leadership also applies to passive forms. Furthermore, we contribute to the self-compassion literature by responding to calls for research on its link to organizational outcomes and the level needed to buffer negative effects, while addressing generalizability beyond the healthcare sector. Implications for future research, leadership development, and employee training are discussed.

For English, the validated part of Psychedelic Experience Scale (PES48) is a four-factor structure called the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30). The other validated part of the PES48 consists of four more factors: two more mystical factors (paradoxicality and connectedness, which together with the MEQ30 form the MEQ40), and two more non-mystical factors (visual experience and distressing experience). However, this latter four-factor part of the PES48 has thus far only been validated for the German version of the PES48. We investigated whether the overall eight-factor structure of the PES48 (which includes the MEQ30 four-factor structure) can also be validated, and thus potentially be put to good use in English. Data from 280 English PES measurements (145 different healthy participants) from four placebo-controlled studies with low to high doses of psilocybin were included. The reliability of the eight subscales was evaluated using measures of internal consistency. The validity of the factor structure was assessed through model fit indices from confirmatory factor analysis. English results were then also compared with the German PES validation data set from Stocker etal. (2024). Six of the eight subscales (mystical, positive mood, transcendence of time and space, ineffability, connectedness, distressing experience) of the English PES48 show high internal consistency, one subscale (paradoxicality) shows good, and one (visual experience) acceptable internal consistency. Both MEQ models (MEQ30 and MEQ40) show similar fits (acceptable to good model fits). In English, both MEQ models show better fits than in German. All six MEQ40 scale means of the English data are higher compared to German data. The findings suggest that the eight-factor PES48 is also a valid psychometric tool in English. With the MEQ40 part of the PES48, one can measure mystical experience with a still wider conceptual breath than with the MEQ30. Furthermore, one can also measure non-mystical visual and distressing states in an overall more comprehensive and broader conceptualization of the psychedelic experience. Higher MEQ40 scale means for the English than the German study participants could inspire future research into the role of setting in relation to mystical experience.

Language teachers’ AI literacy: A psychometric study based on the ED-AI framework

Gambling Disorder (GD) frequently co-occurs with other mental disorders, a clinical condition termed Gambling Dual Disorder (GDD) that is often overlooked. We aimed to develop and validate a brief multidomain questionnaire to assess GDD severity within a dimensional, transdiagnostic framework. A 55-item questionnaire was developed and tested across three phases (feasibility, reliability, validity) in 30, 57, and 223 treatment-seeking adults with DSM-5-TR GD. We assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity against reference instruments (STAI, BDI-II, ISI, BIS, CAARS, SPIN, MULTICAGE-CAD-4, TCI-R, SDI), ROC-derived cutoffs, and the latent dimensional structure via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, mapped onto the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.93); test-retest reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.29-0.62). Convergent validity was strong (r ≈ 0.51-0.72). ROC-based cutoffs prioritized sensitivity, with negative predictive values generally above 0.80. A global severity threshold near 1.44 enabled clinical stratification. A four-factor structure emerged: emotional distress and gambling impairment, impulsivity and behavioral activation, social anxiety and interpersonal suspiciousness, and executive dysfunction with negative self-perception. The instrument is a reliable, valid, RDoC-aligned tool for stratifying GDD severity and tailoring integrated interventions.

People worldwide use risky, potentially harmful cosmetic procedures to change their appearance. The newly developed Risky Appearance Altering Behaviours Inventory (RAABI) measures interest and engagement in appearance-altering behaviours, including surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures, diet pills, skin bleaching and hair straightening. RAABI items were constructed based on focus groups across diverse cultural contexts. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) and bifactor ESEM, we examined the psychometric properties of the RAABI among women from the UK (N = 784, Mage = 27.8, SD = 12.09) and Colombia (N = 589, Mage = 21.43, SD = 2.96). We examined construct validity, composite reliability and longitudinal reliability (test-retest and invariance over 2 weeks), and assessed the fit of an extended Tripartite Influence Model (TIM) including the RAABI as an outcome alongside eating disorder (ED) symptoms. The RAABI demonstrated good composite reliability, construct validity, and indications of longitudinal reliability. In both countries, a 12-item, three-factor ESEM structure with good psychometric properties emerged, although item composition differed (UK included tanning, Colombia included skin bleaching items). Bifactor models were psychometrically adequate, showing a strong general factor with three subscales in Colombia, and a moderate general factor in the UK. The extended TIM showed good fit with RAABI included as an outcome measure. Overall, the RAABI (used as a total score or via subscales) is a psychometrically valid measure for assessing additional negative outcomes of sociocultural pressures, appearance ideal internalisation and body dissatisfaction in the UK and Colombia.

Distinct resilience phenotypes in depression and anxiety: Validation and network analysis of the Chinese Mount Sinai Resilience Scale.

Climate change poses a significant threat to human health and is linked to various direct and indirect outcomes, including infectious diseases, heat-related illnesses, and other climate-sensitive conditions. However, standardized tools assessing perceived knowledge and awareness of climate-related health effects remain limited. This methodological study aimed to develop and validate the ClimHealth-K scale for assessing university students' perceived climate-health knowledge. The sample included 449 students from a public university in Türkiye. Items were generated through literature review and evaluated by seven experts to establish content validity using the Davis method. Psychometric analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability testing. Item-level content validity index values ranged from 0.86 to 1.00, and the scale-level index was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure explaining 62.67% of total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit (χ2/df = 2.27, CFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.075). Cronbach's alpha was 0.954, and test-retest reliability indicated moderate stability (ICC = 0.653, p < 0.001). The 11-item ClimHealth-K is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived climate-health knowledge in educational and public health research.

Tracking fraction knowledge development using grade-appropriate assessments.

Digital technologies can support knowledge acquisition and transfer, documentation of learning outcomes, and self-regulated and collaborative learning. In science education, they are used to scaffold experimentation, to collect and process measurements, and to support learning with simulations and modeling. To use digital technologies in science teaching in ways that promote learning, teachers require digitalization-related competencies and a well-developed academic self-concept regarding subject-specific digitalization-related competencies.However, existing self-report measures are typically domain-general — not aligned with science-specific frameworks such as DiKoLAN (Digital Competencies for Teaching in Science Education; German: Digitale Kompetenzen für das Lehramt in den Naturwissenschaften) — or focus on related but conceptually distinct constructs such as task- and situation-specific self-efficacy expectations. To address this gap, we define DiKoLAN-SK as a domain-specific academic self-concept regarding digitalization-related competencies for teaching science and develop and validate its corresponding measure, the DiKoLAN-SK questionnaire.The DiKoLAN-SK questionnaire enables domain-specific assessment of pre-service science teachers’ DiKoLAN-SK aligned with the DiKoLAN framework, thereby supporting diagnosis and evaluation in science teacher education. We tested comprehensibility and provided evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of N=286 pre-service teachers from Germany and Switzerland. Confirmatory factor analyses indicate that responses can reliably distinguish the DiKoLAN competency areas and competency levels as well as the four technology-related knowledge facets of the TPACK framework (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge). Known-groups comparisons (e.g., target school level, number of science subjects) provide additional validity evidence.

Participation quality and intrinsic learning motivation in research-based learning: Self-efficacy as a mediator of college students' innovative capability.