Our purpose is to present a novel cost-effective therapeutic option for replacing lost mandibular condyle in developing countries. Condyle replacement remains challenging, particularly in reproducing an anatomical form that fits precisely within the glenoid cavity. When rehabilitating patients who have lost their condyle due to tumor resection, idiopathic condylar resorption or ankyloses of the temporomandibular joint, the main difficulty resides in finding a form that fits into the glenoid cavity. Our idea is to use this intact functional condyle preserved and resected from a benign jaw tumor as a scanned model to replace and serve as a template to replace lost mandibular condyles.

This cross-sectional study examined differences in orofacial features and oral health-related quality of life in previously treated young adults with either idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) or TMJ involvement from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The study included 17 patients with ICR and 15 patients with JIA-related TMJ involvement, all treated at the Section for Orthodontics, Aarhus University Craniofacial Clinic, Denmark and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Data compared came from a standardised radiological examination with cone-beam computed tomography, a standardised clinical orofacial examination and a completed oral health-related quality of life questionnaire (OHIP-14). Validated methodologies were used to evaluate TMJ and dentofacial morphology. The ICR patients reported a markedly higher number of TMJ pain symptoms, affected jaw function and difficulties in chewing food. The ICR group showed significantly more pronounced aberrant dentofacial morphology in relation to mandibular inclination, anterior/posterior face height ratio and mandibular sagittal position. No statistically significant differences were detected in the severity of condylar deformity between ICR and JIA patients. The oral health-related quality of life was significantly more negatively affected in the ICR group compared to the JIA group in the following domains: physical pain, psychological discomfort and psychological disability. The present study illustrates more severe TMJ signs and symptoms, a greater degree of dentofacial deformity and negatively affected oral health-related quality of life in the ICR group when compared with the JIA group. The same degree of TMJ deformity was found in both groups. Our findings contribute valuable insights towards establishing diagnostic criteria for ICR patients and improving the differential diagnosis of JIA-related TMJ involvement.

Five-year follow up on risk factors for condylar resorption after maxillomandibular advancement surgery.

The preoperative condition of the temporomandibular joint and role of disc perforation in postoperative condylar resorption in Class II orthognathic surgery patients.

Three-dimensional evaluation of condylar and skeletal changes in female adolescents with idiopathic condylar resorption following stabilization splint treatment: a retrospective study.

Musculoskeletal Analysis after Internal Fixation of Condylar Fracture: A Retrospective Study

Reliable cancellous bone segmentation in Cone Beam CT (CBCT) images is essential for post-orthognathic assessment of condylar resorption. However, challenges such as edge blurring and low contrast in CBCT images make effective segmentation difficult. This study aims to overcome these issues, providing a foundation for accurate bone quantification to enhance surgical planning and patient outcomes. We propose a novel approach to enhance edge-based segmentation for cancellous bone in CBCT images. By incorporating edge features from the cancellous bone region and utilizing cancellous edge localization as an auxiliary task via Dual-Branch Fusion Network (DBF-Net), our model leverages shared feature parameters across functions to improve segmentation accuracy and robustness. Our DBF-Net outperformed other models, achieving DICE coefficient of 91.48%. And the 95% Hausdorff Distance decreased to 3.88 mm, demonstrating significant improvement in cancellous bone boundary detection, which is crucial for the post-orthognathic assessment of condylar resorption. This method provides a robust solution for reliable cancellous bone segmentation in CBCT images to support the quantitative assessment of condylar resorption.

Anterior mandibular distraction osteogenesis: a retrospective study of condylar stability in the treatment of mandibular retrognathia secondary to idiopathic condylar resorption.

Imaging evaluation of condylar remodeling after open reduction and internal fixation of unilateral mandibular condylar fracture in pediatric patients.

Association between orthognathic surgery and temporomandibular disorder in dentofacial disharmony patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Survey on complications of Orthognathic surgery among oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

The Therapeutic Paradox in Managing Condylar Resorption with Orthognathic Surgery in Skeletal Class II Patients: Reason Resorption vs. Result Resorption

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of masticatory muscles in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption

Tackling Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: A Review Supporting TMJ Replacement

Three-dimensional assessment of temporomandibular joint changes following maxillomandibular advancement surgery: a five-year follow-up study.

Background/Objectives: Orthodontic camouflage is a treatment strategy designed to address mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies through dental compensation when growth modification or orthognathic surgery (OGS) is unsuitable or declined by the patient. This report highlights the treatment of a child with a skeletal Class II pattern, Class II division 1 malocclusion, a 10.8 mm overjet, traumatic overbite, and unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis on the left side. Methods: The treatment plan focused on correcting the proclination of the maxillary incisors and improving the facial profile. A non-extraction camouflage approach using pre-adjusted edgewise appliances was implemented following a gap arthroplasty procedure on the left TMJ. Results: The patient achieved a satisfactory treatment outcome, with an ideal static and functional occlusion and significant improvement in facial esthetics. The approach effectively managed the severe mandibular retrognathia and TMJ ankylosis without OGS, thereby minimizing the risk of progressive condylar resorption. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s dental, skeletal, and individual needs. It demonstrates that non-surgical camouflage treatments can be a viable alternative for addressing severe mandibular retrognathia with TMJ ankylosis, achieving favorable esthetic and functional outcomes.

Effects of antigen-induced arthritis and compressive mechanical stress on condylar head of mandible.

Long-term evaluation of progressive condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery in mandibular retrognathism with high mandibular plane angle: An analysis of three-dimensional computed tomography.

ABSTRACTBackground:The most commonly used surgical technique for retrognathic or hypoplastic mandible is “Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO)”. Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) can be used for mandibular advancements of 10 mm or more and has been stated to be stable.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to know whether there is any difference between “Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy” (BSSO) and “Distraction osteogenesis” (DO) in the advancement of mandible in terms of stability and their post-operative complications.Results:Out of five selected studies, there was a statistically noteworthy difference between “BSSO” and “DO” in terms of NSD of IAN function. There was also a statistically marked difference between BSSO and DO in terms of condylar resorption and post-operative infection.Conclusion:DO has reduced the incidence of neurosensory disturbance of IAN as compared to BSSO.

Study objective: to assess the morphological changes in the mandibular condylar processes during functional remodeling after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusion. Material and Methods. The study analyzed 30 3D models of mandibular condyle (MC) obtained from computed tomography scans of patients (n=15), conducted 1 week before and 12 months after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (T1 and T2, respectively). The analysis included a comparison of the volumes of the 3D MC models at T1 and T2, as well as measuring the T1—T2 distances of the 3D MC models at the poles of five surfaces (superior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral). A correlation was determined between the extent of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (CCWROP), and morphological changes in the MC. Results. A decrease in MC volume was observed postoperatively, averaging 14.5% (p<0.001). T1—T2 distance changes showed more pronounced remodeling with a reduction in the distance between the poles on the superior and posterior surfaces of the MC compared to the other surfaces. However, the lack of differences in all paired comparisons of changes in intersurface distances of the 3D MC models at the poles of the five surfaces at T1 and T2 (p>0.05) indicates uniform volume reduction in the MC. No correlation was found between morphological changes in the MC and the degree of MMA or CCWROP. Morphological changes in the MC at T2 were not accompanied by clinical manifestations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Conclusion. Morphological changes in the MC after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with MMA in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusion are within the range of functional remodeling, do not lead to TMJ dysfunction or occlusal disturbances. However, the reduction in MC volume approaches the threshold values for condylar resorption.