Dielectric Conductivity Research Articles

Unveiling the synergistic effect of zinc oxide and carbon black nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of vulcanized natural rubber

Flexible nanocomposite materials were prepared by introducing Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Carbon Black (CB) as nano-fillers separately into vulcanized natural rubber (NR). The impact of curing agents and filler integration on the structure and electrical characteristics of NR was thoroughly examined. Electrical properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ac conductivity were assessed. Pure NR exhibited higher dielectric properties and ac conductivity compared to NR cured with pentane-1,5-deylidenediamine (PDD), which gradually decreased up to a certain threshold due to the immobilization of non-rubber constituents. Dielectric Constant of pure NR decreases from 148.81 to 6.87 upon the addition of 2 ml crosslinking agent into NR. Furthermore, NR composites filled with CB demonstrated lower dielectric properties compared to those filled with ZnO, likely attributed to the polar nature of ZnO. Dielectric Constant of cured NR was increased and exhibited 20.7 for the NR composite with 0.06 % ZnO. The surface roughness of the resulting nanocomposites was analyzed using optical profilometry, and its correlation with dielectric and ac conductivity was investigated.

Effects of cross‐linked networks on dielectric properties of epoxy resins based on molecular dynamics

AbstractIn this paper, three epoxy resin systems commonly used in power equipment are prepared to obtain cross‐linked networks with structural differences. The relationship between microscopic structures and dielectric properties of epoxy resins is investigated and discussed. Experimental results show that the polarization and conductance losses are inhibited in the anhydride‐cured systems with methyl groups. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation shows that rigid anhydride structures (such as methyl groups) play a major role in reducing the local segment mobility and increasing the free volume at cross‐linking points. The decrease in local segment mobility has been confirmed by the decrease of mean square displacement (MSD) at the cross‐linking points, which is consistent with the change of measured polarization and conductance loss. In the glassy state, the dielectric properties of different anhydride‐cured systems can be reflected by local MSD at the cross‐linking points. At high temperatures near the glass transition temperature, both the free volume and network mobility increase significantly, which reflects the increased dielectric relaxation strength and conductance loss. The understanding of the structure–property relationships could provide a theoretical foundation for epoxy modification in a controlled manner for power equipment applications.

Understanding of Ionic Structure Change Under Hydration Levels by Using CSAFM

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are a key component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. They work as gas separator, insulator, and proton conductor. Thus, characterization of the membrane is a crucial process for developing PEM. However, this work is not easy because its complicated phase separated morphological structure and widely varying ionic structure under hydration. Current sensing atomic force microscopy (CSAFM) measures nano current flow between a tip and the sample surface and can map the nano current flow distribution of scanned area. In this study, the ionic structure of Nafion under different hydration condition is studied by using CSAFM. Specifically, the area variation of ionic domain on the membrane surface under different relative humidity is characterized by quantitative method based on CSAFM measurement. The study is done by several steps. First, the Nafion 212 is scanned in the environmental chamber by varying 15% to 65% relative humidity. In this process, the current distribution and the morphology are simultaneously mapped at each RH. Second, the local net charge value of protons, which is connected with area of ionic domain on the membrane surface, are calculated based on current distribution. In this process, the area of ionic domain on the membrane surface under different RH is estimated. The study shows several remarkable results. First of all, the non-uniform ionic domain increasing is observed from sequentially mapped current distribution on the surface under different RH. Second, the reliable estimation method of ionic domain variation is introduced by this study.

Structural and dielectric properties of lead-free Ba0.9Ce0.033Ca0.05TiO3 perovskite ceramic

This work is devoted to the synthesis, the structural study, mainly by X-ray diffraction, and to the investigation of the electrical and dielectric properties of solid solution Ba0.9Ce0.033Ca0.05TiO3. This compound was synthesized, by the solid route, in the form of powder and massive ceramic. We have performed dielectric and electrical conductivity measurements which demonstrate the ferroelectric nature of this compound. The X-ray diffraction study established the existence, at room temperature, of a perovskite phase with tetragonal symmetry. Dielectric relaxation time (τ) was adjusted by Arrhenius law with the activation energy of 42.5 meV.

Optical studies on thermally evaporated Ge–Se/Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide glass films by spectroscopic ellipsometry

The GexSb30-xSe70: x = 30, 25, 15, 10 glass films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique. The surface morphology of glass films was studied by atomic force microscopy. The samples exhibited surface roughness with a root mean square value falling within the 0.89–1.47 nm range. The optical properties were precisely characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 4.13–0.77 eV spectral range. The Cody-Lorentz dispersion model was used to fit the data across the entire spectral range and extract the optical functions of glass films. It has been observed that the refractive index, n values rise with increasing energy, reaching a peak, and then experience a subsequent decline. The refractive index values exhibit a rising trend with an increase in Sb content. The optical bandgap, Egopt was found to follow a decreasing pattern with a decrease in Ge content. The refractive index dispersion curve was analyzed using the Wemple and DiDomenico single oscillator model in the lower absorption spectral region. It has been observed the values of oscillator energy, Eo, and static refractive index, n0, exhibit a pattern consistent with that of Egopt , and n, respectively. The optical properties, such as the high-frequency dielectric constant, carrier concentration, plasma frequency, and optical conductivity were analyzed.

Optical, Dielectric, Magnetic, Photocatalytic, and Antibacterial Properties of Ga-Doped BiGaxFe1-xO3 Synthesized by the Microemulsion Approach.

The effect of Ga-substitution on bismuth ferrite BiGaxFe1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) properties was investigated, which was fabricated using a microemulsion route. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that specimens had a single-phase rhombohedral structure with space group R3̅c. The concentration of Ga had an impact on various properties such as structural parameters, crystalline size, porosity, and unit cell volume. The samples exhibited notable values for the dielectric constant, tangent loss, and dielectric loss in the low-frequency range, which declined as the frequency increased due to different polarizations. The increment in the AC conductivity was associated with rise in frequency. The P-E loops demonstrated that the samples became more resistive as the Ga concentration increased. The retentivity (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms) values reduced as the Ga content increased, although all samples had Hc values within the range for electromagnetic materials. The Ga-substitution had a synergistic effect on the electrochemical characteristics of BiGaxFe1-xO3, resulting in greater conductivity than that of undoped BiFeO3. These enhanced properties contributed to their higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of crystal violet under visible light irradiation. The doped BiGaxFe1-xO3 exhibited 79% dye degradation after 90 min of illumination compared to 54% for pure BiFeO3. Recycling experiments confirmed the stability and reusability of the synthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the samples was certified against various microbes, and the doped BiGaxFe1-xO3 showed promising activity. Thus, doped materials are good candidates for memories, dielectric resonators, and photovoltaics because of their high dielectric constant and AC conductivity, while their higher photocatalytic activity under visible light makes them promising photocatalysts for removing noxious and harmful effluents from wastewaters.

Exploring the role of oxygen vacancies on the magnetic and electromagnetic absorption properties of La3+-modified M-type hexaferrite with Al3+ doping

The demand for effective microwave-absorbing materials has recently surged due to rapid advancements in electromagnetic (EM) devices. Recently, engineering oxygen vacancies has also become one of the effective ways to develop efficient microwave-absorbing materials. So, understanding the EM absorption mechanism of these materials has become crucial for better engineering of such materials. This article investigates the magnetic properties along with the EM absorption mechanism of M-type hexaferrite, with optimal incorporation of rare-earth element La3+ and doping of transition metal Al3+ cation. The presence of La3+ ions at an optimal level promotes the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ cations and creating oxygen vacancies to offset the electrical charge imbalance. This phenomenon impacts both the magnetic and EM characteristics of the materials. The presence of Fe2+ cations enhanced the spin-orbital interaction, resulting in a strong magnetic anisotropy field along the c-axis. The lowest reflection loss of −36.37 dB at 14.19 GHz, is observed with a bandwidth of 3.61 GHz below −10 dB for x = 0.6. These microwave absorption properties can be attributed to the adequate compensation between dielectric and magnetic losses, which arise from phenomena like dielectric relaxation, magnetic resonance, and conduction loss due to electron hopping between Fe3+ and Fe2+ with proper incorporation of the attenuating constant and excellent impedance matching, along with microstructure of the materials. Furthermore, the material’s exceptional absorption properties are also influenced by the rapid movement of oxygen vacancies from its interior to its surface when exposed to high frequencies, thereby impacting its conductivity. Therefore, it is believed that the regulation of oxygen vacancies can serve as a versatile strategy for developing materials with efficient microwave-absorbing capabilities.

Enhancement of electrical and radiation shielding properties of vanadium doped lithium telluro-borate (LTB) glasses

Vanadium doped lithium telluro-borate (LTB) glasses of the composition (20-x)Li2O-20TeO2-60B2O3-(x)V2O5 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 in mol %) were synthesised by melt quenching technique. The structural, optical, physical, electrical and radiation shielding parameters of the prepared glasses were investigated to determine the effect of vanadium in the LTB glass matrix. Density of LTB glasses were found to increases from 2.52 to 2.98 g/cm3 under addition of vanadium oxide and certain density derived structural parameters were studied. XRD pattern confirms the amorphous nature of the pristine and doped LTB glass. FTIR spectra shows the presence of various bonds in the vanadium doped LTB glasses. The direct optical bandgap (Eg) decreases due to the addition of V2O5 and leads to creation of defects in the LTB glasses thereby increasing the Urbach energy (Eu). Physical parameters like refractive index (n), molar refractivity (Rm), reflection loss (Lr), molar electronic polarizability (αm), transmission coefficient (T) and metallization criteria (M) were calculated. The electrical properties including dielectric constant (εʹ), conductivity (σ) and activation energies (Ea) were analysed and observed that Ea decreases under the addition of vanadium to the glass network proving the enhancement in electrical conductivity. Radiation shielding parameters such as MAC, LAC, HVL, TVL, MFP, R, ACS, ECS, Neff, Zeff, and Ceff were calculated using Phy-X/PSD and LTB_2V with the highest V2O5 additive shows enhanced result in gamma radiation shielding.

Femtosecond optical Kerr effect in normal and grades of cancerous breast tissues as a new optical biopsy method.

This study reports on the first use of the optical Kerr effect (OKE) in breast cancer tissue. This proposed optical biopsy method utilizes a Femtosecond Optical Kerr Gate to detect changes in dielectric relaxation and conductivity created by a cancerous infection. Here, the temporal behavior of the OKE is tracked in normal and cancerous samples of human and mouse breast. These tissues display a double peaked temporal structure and its decay rate changes depending on the tissue's infection status. The decay of the secondary peak, attributed to ultrafast plasma response, indicates that the tissue's conductivity has doubled once infected. A slower molecular contribution to the Kerr effect can also be observed in healthy tissues. These findings suggest two possible biomarkers for the use of OKE in optical biopsy. Both markers arise from alterations in the infected tissue's cellular structure, which changes the rate at which electronic and molecular processes occur.

Dielectric relaxation and conductivity phenomena in ferroelectric ceramics at high temperatures

The issues related to microstructure and its effects on functional properties of electroceramics become increasingly prominent with the progressive downscaling of electronics. In this study, temperature-dependent dielectric and impedance data of BaTiO3 (BT), Sr-doped BT (BST) and layer-structured BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBTO) ceramics are systematically investigated to reveal the effects of doping and perovskite layering on the dielectric relaxation and conduction processes at high temperatures. By using complex impedance spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that the ceramics are electrically heterogeneous structures displaying a non-ideal Debye-like behavior at high temperatures. Using a suitable equivalent circuit model, the impedance diagrams at different temperatures are simulated and the refined values of macroscopic resistance and capacitance are used for the identification and characterization of particular microstructural regions (grains, grain boundaries, interfaces, etc.). The approach of combining the impedance, electric modulus and permittivity formalisms is demonstrated to be effective in explaining the peculiarities of the electrical charge transport mechanism and relaxation in the grains, grain boundaries and interface layers of the ceramics.

Dual-Effect Coupling for Superior Dielectric and Thermal Conductivity of Polyimide Composite Films Featuring "Crystal-Like Phase" Structure.

To match the increasing miniaturization and integration of electronic devices, higher requirements are put on the dielectric and thermal properties of the dielectrics to overcome the problems of delayed signal transmission and heat accumulation. Here, a 3D porous thermal conductivity network is successfully constructed inside the polyimide (PI) matrix by the combination of ionic liquids (IL) and calcium fluoride (CaF2 ) nanofillers, motivated by the bubble-hole forming orientation force. Benefiting from the 3D thermal network formed by IL as a porogenic template and "crystal-like phase" structures induced by CaF2 - polyamide acid charge transfer, IL-10 vol% CaF2 /PI porous film exhibits a low permittivity of 2.14 and a thermal conductivity of 7.22 W m-1 K-1 . This design strategy breaks the bottleneck that low permittivity and high thermal conductivity in microelectronic systems are difficult to be jointly controlled, and provides a feasible solution for the development of intelligent microelectronics.

Effects of the magnetic field and the off-center displacement on the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of inverted core/shell spherical one-electron quantum dots

The third order nonlinear optical susceptibility (TONOS) of an inverted ZnS/CdSe core–shell spherical quantum dot embedded in SiO 2-matrix with or without impurity, and subjected to an external magnetic field is investigated. Within the framework of effective mass approximation and using B-splines basis functions, the energy levels, the dipole matrix elements and the TONOS are computed. The dielectric mismatch in the interface dots as well as the effective mass dependence on the core and shell regions are taken into account. It is revealed that, simultaneously the shell size, magnetic field and off-center displacement have a noticeable effect on the positions and the heights of the peaks of the TONOS. Moreover, we have shown that, due to the magnetic field and the off-center displacement effects, the TONOS takes different profiles associated with the polarization direction (parallel and perpendicular). In the perpendicular polarization, two peaks of the nonlinear optical properties appear for each off-center displacement value corresponding to the two transversal allowed transitions. The shift towards higher energies of the peak position and the reduction of the intensity of the peak when the magnetic field increases are recorded in the transversal transition case. Furthermore, in the longitudinal transition, as increasing the magnetic field strength, the intensity of the peak of the TONOS grows and the position of the peak is shifted towards lower frequencies. The dielectric constant, effective mass and conduction band offset of the materials that constitute the core and shell are equally found to modify significantly the main features of the susceptibility.

Tailoring the structural and dielectric properties of ZnFe2O4 through annealing temperature

In this study, we synthesized nano-crystalline ZnFe2O4 through the sol-gel method and explored the impact of annealing temperature on its physical properties. The average crystallite size, determined using the Debye-Scherres's formula with data obtained from Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction, increased from 16 nm to 58 nm as the annealing temperature rose from 200 to 1000 K. FTIR spectra showcased vibrational modes corresponding to metal-oxygen bonds at both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. UV–Vis DRS measurements uncovered a widening of the optical band gap from 2.03 eV to 2.14 eV with increasing annealing temperatures. The rearrangement of cations exerted a substantial influence on the dielectric properties and AC conductivity. Dielectric assessments illustrated a diminishing trend in both the real and imaginary components of impedance as frequency progressed, decreasing from 107 at 100 Hz to 10 at 100 MHz. Additionally, conductivity investigations emphasized that the AC conductivity of ZnFe2O4 experiences enhancement at higher frequencies.

Synergistic Improvement of Dielectric and Thermal Conductivity Properties for Polymers Filled with Multifunctional Modified Nanowires.

Dielectric composites are widely used in power electronics, power systems, aerospace, and other fields due to their extremely high power density. However, if their energy density can be further increased, the application range will be greatly improved. Improving the dielectric constant of composites is one of the most effective ways to increase the energy density. In this study, a preparation method for copper calcium titanate nanowires (CCTO-NWs) with adjustable aspect ratio was investigated. Upon incorporation of these CCTO-NWs into the polymer matrix, the nanocomposites exhibit a significantly higher dielectric constant and a lower dielectric loss. In addition, a thin layer of Al2O3 with excellent thermal conductivity is coated on the surface of the CCTO-NWs to form a core-shell structure nanowire CCTO-NW@Al2O3. The introduction of the thermal conductive layer of Al2O3 not only creates a continuous heat transfer path within the dielectric composite, increasing the thermal conductivity of the composite from 0.11 W/(m·K) of pure HIPS to 1.12 W/(m·K), but also serves as a buffer layer between HIPS and CCTO-NWs, effectively alleviating the electric field distortion caused by the large difference in the dielectric constant between them, thereby optimizing the dielectric properties of the composite and reducing the dielectric permeability threshold from 30 to 20 vol %. This work provides an effective strategy for synergistically improving the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of dielectric composites while also taking into account the good flexibility of polymer/ceramic nanocomposites.

The Enhancement of the Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resin Reinforced by Bromo-Oxybismuth.

With the gradual miniaturization of electronic devices, the thermal conductivity of electronic components is increasingly required. Epoxy (EP) resins are easy to process, exhibit excellent electrical insulation properties, and are light in weight and low in cost, making them the preferred material for thermal management applications. In order to endow EPs with better dielectric and thermal conductivity properties, bromo-oxygen-bismuth (BiOBr) prepared using the hydrothermal method was used as a filler to obtain BiOBr/EP composites, and the effect of BiOBr addition on the properties of the BiOBr/EP composites was also studied. The results showed that the addition of a small amount of BiOBr could greatly optimize the dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of EP resin, and when the content of BiOBr was 0.75 wt% and 1.00 wt%, the dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of the composite could reach the optimum, respectively. The high dielectric constant and excellent thermal conductivity of BiOBr/EP composites are mainly due to the good layered structure of BiOBr, which can provide good interfacial polarization and thermal conductivity.

Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Cubic Perovskite Type XAlO3 (X = Gd and Dy) Theoretical Investigation

Abstract In this paper, we have performed a theoretical study using the linear augmented and linearized plane wave method (FP-LAPW) implemented in the Wien2k computational code based on density functional theory (DFT) to determine the structural, electronic and optical properties of GdAlO3 and DyAlO3 perovskites. The exchange and correlation potential are treated by the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) and modified Becke-Johnson potential (mBJ). The structural properties such as lattice parameter, modulus of compressibility and its derivative are in good agreement with other theoretical results. The electronic properties, such as band structure and density of state revealed an indirect energy gap in the L - xG direction for GdAlO3, with gap values of 2.879 eV (GGA-PBE), 5.006 eV (mBJ) in spin-up and 2.286 eV (mBJ), 2.736 eV (mBJ) in spin-dn.for DyAlO3 perovskite, due to the over lap of the valence and conduction bands at Fermi level, which behaves like a metal oxide. We have also calculated the optical properties of these two compounds, such as dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient and optical conductivity. They indicate that GdAlO3 and DyAlO3 perovskites could be useful for applications in UV photo catalysis.

Effect of replacing B2O3 with Dy2O3 on the structural, physical, and radiation shielding properties of sodium boroaluminate glass

AbstractIn this work, some transparent aluminum sodium borate-based glasses containing Dy2O3 have been prepared using the melt quenching method. The incorporation of Dy3+ ions in the glass network leads to increase and decrease the density and molar volume, respectively. The structural properties are investigated by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. It is revealed that addition of Dy2O3 causes a conversion of boron coordination from BO4 to BO3, which indicates the increase in the number of non-bridging oxygen. Therefore, the optical band gap is found to decrease as the Dy3+ ions content increases. The temperature dependences of dielectric constant and AC conductivity are studied at different frequencies. The electric conductivity and dielectric parameters decrease with increasing Dy3+ content due to the decrease in Na+ ions mobility due to the blocking effect of Dy3+ cations in the glass network. The shielding factors have been evaluated for the prepared glasses with the help of Phy-X program. The maximum linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) is found at 0.284 MeV and varied between 0.125 and 0.140 cm−1. The results revealed that the incorporation of Dy2O3 into the glasses has a substantial effect on the Zeff.. The value of the Zeff for the D1 sample, which does not include any Dy2O3, stays relatively the same, ranging around 7.51. We found that the rate of reduction in Zeff was significantly high when the energy of the photons is smaller than 0.826 MeV. From the Zeff data, we found that the addition of Dy2O3 to the glasses improves both their capacity to absorb and their capability to scatter ionizing radiation.

Optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of spinel chalcogenides HgLa2X4 (X=S and Se): A first-principles study

We investigated spinel chalcogenides HgLa2(S/Se)4 by using density function theory, and scrutinized the structural, optical, electrical, mechanical and thermoelectric transport characteristics of HgLa2(S/Se)4 spinel chalcogenides. The enthalpy of formation, energy of cohesion, and energy volume optimum plots were used to obtain the stability as well as the perfect ground state of these materials. The ductility of these materials was the best illustrated with the help of Poisson's and Pugh's ratios. The band gap results were obtained using Trans and Blaha modified Becke-Johanson potential (TB-mBJ). Both the materials present semi-conducting nature with direct band gap equal to 1.449 and 0.892 eV respectively for HgLa2S4 and HgLa2Se4. Calculations were also made for optical characteristics with the values of dielectric function, absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, reflectivity, and refractive indices. According to the findings, both of these materials are suitable for infrared optoelectronic applications. These materials were found to have promising optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications after their optical properties and transport aspects were evaluated. Despite tiny levels of temperature conductivities, substantial amounts of power conductivities, the figure of merit (more than unity), as well as Seebeck coefficients all point to the potential use of both the materials in thermoelectric power generators.

Impact of Ca2+, Ce3+ codoping on ZnSnO3-SnO2 heterostructure for dielectric, optoelectronic and solar cell applications

We have successfully prepared a new mixed oxide system of Sn-rich ZTO (ZnSn2O5). The impact of coupling Ca2+ and Ce3+ inside the lattice of ZnSn2O5 on the dielectric, optical, and photoelectric conduction properties was investigated. In this regard, the co-precipitation technique was used to prepare three samples of ZTO, Ca-ZTO, and Ca/Ce-ZTO. The samples have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer (XPS), and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The XRD pattern detected phases that highly interfere as a heterostructured compound. The pristine ZTO particles demonstrate a mixture of two morphologies, hexagonal and quasi-spherical shapes, with particle size distributions of 0.25–1.5 µm, resulting in significant porosity between these particles. Meanwhile, the particles of Ca/Ce-doped ZTO have a homogenous morphology as spherical shape and exhibit larger density, particle size distribution range of 1–2 µm. The dielectric constant as a function of frequency or wavelength is increased with the applied temperature (32 to 140 °C) for both pure and Ca/Ce-ZTO samples. Clearly, Ca/Ce-ZTO displays higher absorption in visible light and the estimated band gaps of ZTO, Ca-ZTO, and Ca/Ce-ZTO are equal to 1.58,1.56 and 1.48 eV, respectively. The pristine ZTO showed a stronger n-type effect than Ca and Ca/Ce-doped ZTO samples. The shift from n-type to being close to N-P junction by multiple doping induces the application of these heterostructured materials as buffering layers in energy conversion applications like thin film solar cells and light emitting diodes.

Optimization of physical and dielectric properties of Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for low-frequency devices.

In this study, zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) doped with cobalt (Co) were synthesized using a simple coprecipitation technique. The concentration of Co was varied to investigate its effect on the structural, morphological, optical, and dielectric properties of the NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of both undoped and Co-doped ZnO-NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the synthesized NPs, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to verify their purity. The band gap of the NPs was evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy, which revealed a decrease in the energy gap as the concentration of Co2+ increased in the ZnO matrix. The dielectric constants and AC conductivity of the NPs were measured using an LCR meter. The dielectric constant of the Co-doped ZnO-NPs continuously increased from 4.0 × 10-9 to 2.25 × 10-8, while the dielectric loss decreased from 4.0 × 10-8 to 1.7 × 10-7 as the Co content increased from 0.01 to 0.07%. The a.c. conductivity also increased with increasing applied frequency. The findings suggest that the synthesized Co-doped ZnO-NPs possess enhanced dielectric properties and reduced energy gap, making them promising candidates for low-frequency devices such as UV photodetectors, optoelectronics, and spintronics applications. The use of a cost-effective and scalable synthesis method, coupled with detailed material characterization, makes this work significant in the field of nanomaterials and device engineering.