Concrete Advice Research Articles

Strategies to recognize and mitigate mistreatment of medical students

Mistreatment of learners in medical education is a significant problem affecting more than half of all trainees worldwide. This mistreatment can lead to severe consequences, including burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, substance misuse, and decreased self-esteem, impacting not only future physicians but also the broader educational community. Despite increased awareness of such harms associated with mistreating medical learners, these behaviors have continued to persist over the years. We aim to equip medical educators and learners with practical strategies to recognize and mitigate mistreatment in the educational setting. We offer examples and concrete advice to help educators and institutional leaders classify mistreatment, navigate various scenarios, and create optimal reporting structures. Additionally, we provide recommendations for dismantling toxic environments and enhancing reporting transparency to build learner trust. Addressing mistreatment will require multifaceted collaboration between learners, educators, and institutions. This advice will help foster a shared commitment to establishing a culture of respect and support among all in the medical learning environment.

Activating sustainability in the design process

Abstract Design decisions have an impact on societies and the environment. Making the impact of design tangible facilitates the mitigation of its negative consequences. The purpose of this paper is to outline what methods and actions a User Experience (UX) practitioner could use in order to support sustainable development. At Ergosign GmbH, an agency creating digital experiences, we conducted a review of existing guidelines and principles to determine the relevance and usefulness of those frameworks in the User Experience Design (UXD) context. The analysis resulted in the creation of six guiding principles to introduce sustainability concerns into the design process. Additionally, we mapped related UX methods and heuristics to each principle. Each of the six principles, as well as an exemplary method, are described in detail in this article. A first practical evaluation of the principles suggests that assessing impact and identifying preventive actions is possible at all stages of the design process. Furthermore, there is no strict correlation of a principle with a particular project phase. While an early analysis generates a more holistic action plan, a later assessment provides more concrete advice. Both approaches can deliver notable improvements in the reduction of resource usage.

‘Now you’ve said it, it’s like a big light bulb!’: enacting post observation feedback suggestions

Teaching observations have become a ubiquitous feature of teacher education programmes, development schemes and assessment regimes. Whilst the processes and procedures of classroom observation are well documented, the feedback which follows teaching observations has been given less attention. Most research into teaching observations focuses on eliciting teachers’ perspectives on their experiences of being observed. In contrast, we examine two aspects vital to teacher development and enhanced teaching practice: (1) post observation feedback talk; (2) teachers’ enactment of feedback following the feedback session. This article argues that examining feedback talk and how talk may influence enactment can help both observers and teachers maximise the effectiveness of teaching observations. We focus on suggestions, a common way of helping teachers to develop and improve. We analyse empirical examples of authentic post observation feedback talk to explore how suggestions are made and responded to, identifying features of suggestions which prompt teacher understanding and enactment. Analysis enables us to provide observers with concrete advice on how to make suggestions, thus showing the practical affordances and methodological warrant of analysing feedback talk.

Addressing AMR and planetary health in primary care: the potential of general practitioners as change agents.

Antimicrobial resistance is closely linked with the health and stability of environmental systems and therefore a challenge for the health of the planet. General Practitioners, owing to their trusted positions and close patient relationships, can play a crucial role in addressing antimicrobial resistance within the framework of Planetary Health. The goal of our study was to examine General Practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the linkage of antimicrobial resistance with Planetary Health to understand their potential as agents of change in this domain. We conducted 19 guided interviews with General Practitioners from four different German federal states (August-September 2022). Participants were selected from the intervention group of the RedAres randomized controlled trial, a study designed to optimize therapy and prescribing practices for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in general practice. Data were analyzed using Mayring's structured qualitative content analysis and the typology approach by Kelle and Kluge. General Practitioners generally demonstrated the ability to identify the interlinkages between antimicrobial resistance and Planetary Health. However, they exhibited varying levels of knowledge, problem awareness, and accountability for the associated challenges and partially outsourced the responsibility for Planetary Health. Some General Practitioners were capable of integrating Planetary Health arguments into patient counseling. They recognized rational prescribing practice, self-reflection on antimicrobial resistance and Planetary Health, interprofessional exchange, and raising awareness among patients as potential avenues for engagement in promoting Planetary Health. As antimicrobial resistance is increasingly recognized as a Planetary Health challenge, empowering General Practitioners as change agents requires tailored measures based on their level of previous knowledge and their attitude toward Planetary Health. General Practitioners express a need for concrete advice on how to integrate antimicrobial resistance as a Planetary Health topic into their daily activities. Developing and evaluating adaptable training materials is essential. Additionally, the integration of Planetary Health outcomes into clinical guidelines could accelerate the adoption of this dimension in antibiotic prescribing practices within primary care settings.

Creating Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships in Counseling: Lessons Learned

Action research has long been heralded as the solution to narrowing the gap between counseling research and practice. Collaborative research partnerships are a cornerstone of action research, but these partnerships remain rare in the counseling profession due to the barriers researchers and practitioners must navigate. This article offers an overview of action research and the associated barriers. We, the coauthors, reflect on the lessons learned from our collaborative research partnership in order to provide concrete and pragmatic advice that informs future researcher-practitioner partnerships.

Building Epistemically Healthier Platforms

Abstract When thinking about designing social media platforms, we often focus on factors such as usability, functionality, aesthetics, ethics, and so forth. Epistemic considerations have rarely been given the same level of attention in design discussions. This paper aims to rectify this neglect. We begin by arguing that there are epistemic norms that govern environments, including social media environments. Next, we provide a framework for applying these norms to the question of platform design. We then apply this framework to the real-world case of long-form informational content platforms. We argue that many current long-form informational content platforms are epistemically unhealthy. The good news? We provide concrete advice on how to take steps toward improving their health! Specifically, we argue that they should change how they verify and authenticate content creators and how this information is displayed to content consumers. We conclude by connecting this guidance to broader issues about the epistemic health of platforms.

INTERACTION OF CUSTOMERS WITH E-COMMERCE

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary commerce, the interaction between customers and e- commerce platforms play a pivotal role in shaping consumer behavior and driving business success. This capstone project delves into the multifaceted world of customer engagement with e-commerce platforms, examining the complexities and dynamics that define this relationship. Drawing insights from marketing, psychology, and technology, the study investigates various aspects of customer interaction, including user experience design, behavioral patterns, social influence, and customer service. A central focus is placed on user experience (UX) design in e-commerce interfaces, analyzing design elements, usability features, andinterface aesthetics to identify factors contributing to a seamless and intuitive user experience. Furthermore, empirical research and data analysis are utilized to understand the cognitive processes, decision-making mechanisms, and emotional triggers that influence consumer behavior online. By providing valuable insights and concrete advice, this study aims to assist businesses in optimizing their digital strategies and fostering meaningful relationships with their online audience in the ever-evolving digital marketplace.

TachAId-An interactive tool supporting the design of human-centered AI solutions.

In an era where Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration into business processes is crucial for maintaining competitiveness, there is a growing need for structured guidance on designing AI solutions that align with human needs. To this end, we present "technical assistance concerning human-centered AI development" (tachAId), an interactive advisory tool which comprehensively guides AI developers and decision makers in navigating the machine learning lifecycle with a focus on human-centered design. tachAId motivates and presents concrete technical advice to ensure human-centeredness across the phases of AI development. The tool's effectiveness is evaluated through a catalog of criteria for human-centered AI in the form of relevant challenges and goals, derived from existing methodologies and guidelines. Lastly, tachAId and one other comparable advisory tool were examined to determine their adherence to these criteria in order to provide an overview of the human-centered aspects covered by these tools and to allow interested parties to quickly assess whether the tools meet their needs.

Design of a three-level evaluation of the Dutch Healthy School program

AbstractAn increasing number of schools obtained a Healthy School certificate, yet little is known about factors, characteristics, and processes, i.e. conditions, influencing the effectiveness of the Healthy School program. Therefore, a mixed methods evaluation study will be conducted on three levels: the student, the school, and the region. The research questions are focused on: 1) conditions for student outcomes, 2) conditions for implementation in schools, and 3) conditions for regional support. For the evaluation, the school and region are considered complex adaptive systems. Conditions for intended outcomes on student lifestyle, health, and academic achievement will be examined using a combination of existing datasets including school codes. Based on student outcomes, best and worst performing schools will be selected for predominantly qualitative analysis to further explain differences. To get insight into conditions for implementation in schools and regional support in nine regions, the degree of implementation will be determined with a questionnaire to select schools for predominantly qualitative analysis. Combined, this study will not only provide insight into the current situation on the three levels, but also explain differences between regions, schools, and students. Consequently, it will be possible to provide concrete advice to strengthen implementation of the Healthy School program.

Public Health Communication Reduces COVID-19 Misinformation Sharing and Boosts Self-Efficacy

AbstractDuring health crises, misinformation may spread rapidly on social media, leading to hesitancy towards health authorities. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted significant research on how communication from health authorities can effectively facilitate compliance with health-related behavioral advice such as distancing and vaccination. Far fewer studies have assessed whether and how public health communication can help citizens avoid the harmful consequences of exposure to COVID-19 misinformation, including passing it on to others. In two experiments in Denmark during the pandemic, the effectiveness of a 3-minute and a 15-second intervention from the Danish Health Authorities on social media was assessed, along with an accuracy nudge. The findings showed that the 3-minute intervention providing competences through concrete and actionable advice decreased sharing of COVID-19-related misinformation and boosted their sense of self-efficacy. These findings suggest that authorities can effectively invest in building citizens’ competences in order to mitigate the spread of misinformation on social media.

AI-induced anxiety in the assessment of factors influencing the adoption of mobile payment services in supply chain firms: A mental accounting perspective

This research aims to explore the impact of AI-induced anxiety on the adoption of mobile payment services in supply chain firms, viewed through the lens of Mental Accounting Theory. In an era driven by technological advancement, supply chain companies' use of mobile payment services has arisen as a crucial problem. This study is the first to investigate the complicated links between AI-induced anxiety, perceived utility, and the adoption rate of mobile payment systems using the Mental Accounting Theory as a theoretical framework. The study employs a quantitative research approach, using Smart PLS for regression analysis, and gathers its data from major supply chain business players. Our analysis offered important insights into the many aspects influencing the adoption of mobile payment services in supply chain companies. The acceptance rate was shown to be adversely connected with AI-induced anxiety and integration expenses, posing obstacles for businesses seeking to embrace mobile payment systems. In contrast, characteristics such as perceived utility, usability, confidence in security, and backing from upper management were positively connected with adoption rates. These findings provide not only theoretical contributions to the current research, but also concrete advice for supply chain practitioners seeking to exploit mobile payment systems for operational and strategic advantage.

Concrete Advices For Longevity From Wholistic Medication in The Light of Modern Molecular Chemistry–Physiology–Nutrition

We adopt the spirit of the traditional Chinese medication (including Chinese cuisine) to the effect that the human body is to be viewed as a whole as it is. By invoking a few universally established principles in biochemistry-physiology-nutrition, i.e., using modern medical principles as a touchstone, we revive the ancient Chinese wisdom of the Wu xin principle (five elements) and Five-storied pagoda principle and we deduce a plausible conclusion that the effect of fire is to be weakened by water: Xiangke of fire (oxygen) and water (antioxidant). Then we go on to show that affinity of water and soil, metal and tree explains the nutrition of the human body by vegetable, metal ions, and fruits. Five-storied pagoda principle tell that water is squeezed by soil and fire, which explains the affinity and conflict of these elements. Wind is to be interpreted to mean oil and cosmos to mean the mind.

State of the art of passenger redirection during incidents in public transport systems, considering capacity constraints

This paper gives a comprehensive insight into the investigations done in passenger redirection during incidents in public transport systems. In public transport operations, incidents such as traffic accidents, deployment of emergency forces, or technical failures happen every day and disrupt the service. Most of the investigations done in the field of incident management focus on the readjustment of the supply towards the incident situation and are therefore referred to as supply-centric part of incident management. However, especially in recent years, more and more investigations have also been done on the passenger-centric part of incident management. These rather focus on the effects of incidents on passengers or even include them in the solution of the incident situation, either by informing them adequately about the given situation (passive redirection) or by providing them with concrete path advice (active redirection). The results show that adequate passenger information during incidents can reduce the average delay of affected passengers and support the recovery of the public transport system. This improves the reliability of a public transport system and boosts its attractiveness.

REPORTING IN DAILY NEWSPAPERS IN SERBIA AND REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA IMMEDIATELY AFTER ACTS OF VIOLENCE: A CASE STUDY OF THE MASS MURDER AT VLADISLAV RIBNIKAR PRIMARY SCHOOL

On the first day after the mass murder, a qualitative content analysis was conducted on nine daily newspapers in Republic of Srpska and Serbia. It aimed to determine the existence of similarities in the reporting of daily newspapers in the two countries, compare the existing reporting with current media regulations and self-regulation, identify any violations, and provide recommendations for future, more ethical reporting, given that a number of ethical lapses were observed in the reporting. The analysis of this event has both scientific and societal justification because the event impacted all members of society, and one of the tasks of science is to provide concrete advice on how to report ethically, professionally, and in accordance with recommendations and existing norms. Ethical lapses in the media can have consequences during times of crisis, shock, disbelief, panic and concern, which were understandably triggered in the audience, given that an event of this nature had not been recorded in our societies before.

Reading Difficulties in Parkinson's Disease: A Stepped Care Model for Neurovisual Rehabilitation.

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently experience reading difficulties. Little is known about what functional impairments distinguish people with PD with and without reading difficulties and how these should guide rehabilitation. To provide concrete advice for an efficient stepped care model for reading difficulties in PD, based on extensive functional assessments. This study included 74 people with PD in a neurovisual rehabilitation setting who underwent assessment of visual, visuoperceptual, and cognitive functions. Outcomes were compared between those with frequent (RD+; N = 55) and infrequent reading difficulties (RD-; N = 19). Aids and advice provided during rehabilitation were registered. Only a few functions appeared to distinguish RD+ and RD-. Visual functions (i.e., contrast sensitivity, g = 0.76; reading acuity, g = 0.66; visual acuity, g = 0.54) and visuoperceptual functions (i.e., visual attention, g = 0.58, visual motor speed, g = 0.56) showed significant worse scores in RD+ compared to RD-. Aids and advice applied consisted mainly of optimizing refraction, improving lighting, and optimizing text size and spacing. The test battery showed significant differences between RD+ and RD-on only a few tests on visual and visuoperceptual functions. The applied aids and advice matched well with these impairments. Therefore, we recommend a stepped care model, starting with a short test battery on these functions. If this battery indicates functional impairments, this can be followed by standard aids and advice to improve reading. Only in case of insufficient effect additional testing should take place.

ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: A REVIEW OF THE ELEMENTS THAT PUSH AND PULL THE COMMERCE MAJORS INTO ENTREPRENEURIAL LEAP

Purpose: With an emphasis on its antecedents and determinants to develop intention of start-up, this research paper gives a synopsis of the constantly expanding literature on motivator and impediment elements. Methodology: Due to desire of Independence need for Achievement & Recognition and foundational understanding of business, students with a background of commerce are drawn to entrepreneurship. Research participants in this study are 324 of both genders all of them came from college/ universities in the state of Uttar Pradesh. In this study, a structured questionnaire is used. Following the screening of the data, the data were analyzed using SPSS to determine the validity, reliability, and modal test like Chi Square Test of Independence and Mann-Whitney U-Test (alternative to independent samples T-test) of all the components, which were then used to investigate the outcomes. These tests are used due to safer side of problem of normality of data. Findings: This research paper is delves into the push and pull factors, and the subsequent intention to establish a start-up, examining the part played by factors influencing opportunity recognition. Author speculates on potential future directions for studying opportunity recognition. It became obvious that people are motivated by a wide variety of variables which are taking birth due to effect of push and pull factors it might be individual or both. These cravings are mostly influenced by education, age and gender, among other factors. Finally, current researchs findings provide substantial evidence of a preference among male students for pull variables and a preference among female students for push variables. Research limitations/ implications: The current study only used a fraction of students with some familiarity with the commerce stream. A greater sample size of students from a variety of socio-economic backgrounds and locations, as well as more inspiring and ambient components, will allow researchers to perform relevant study. Practical implications: The findings of this study offer concrete advice for educators looking to better equip their students for successful forays into the startup world.

Sex trafficking survivors' experiences with the healthcare system during exploitation: A qualitative study.

While most individuals who have experienced sex trafficking will seek medical attention during their exploitation, very few will be identified by healthcare professionals (HCP). It constitutes a lost opportunity to provide appropriate support, resources, and services. In this study, we examined the experiences of accessing care of sex trafficking survivors in the Greater Montreal area and their interactions with HCPs to inform trafficking education programs for HCPs and allied health professionals regarding the needs of this patient population. We conducted seven semi-structured in-depth interviews with purposively selected sex trafficking survivors participating in "Les Survivantes," a program of the SPVM (Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal), designed to support trafficked individuals' exit journey. We used interpretive description to understand the lived experiences of trafficked individuals with direct applications to clinical education and care. Our results revealed that trafficked individuals accessing care present with a fragile trust in HCPs and how HCPs have many opportunities to conduct comprehensive examinations and query trafficking. Trafficked individuals' initial trust in HCPs can be strengthened by non-judgemental approaches or damaged by stigmatizing conduct, serving to isolate further and alienate this patient population. Health professionals' attitudes combined with healthcare settings' cultures of care (i.e., community vs emergency) and exposure to marginalized groups were key influencers of survivors' perception of healthcare interactions. The findings also emphasized the importance of routinely querying trafficking through sensitive psychosocial questioning based on observation of trafficking cues. Survivors reported a list of trafficking cues to recognize and emphasized the importance of trust as a condition of disclosure. Finally, survivors identified the need for exit planning to be centered around trafficked individuals' agency and holistic needs, and for streamlined community-based multidisciplinary collaboration to better serve this population. Our results highlight that most challenges experienced by trafficking survivors in accessing care and resources are modifiable through HCP education and training. Our study also provides new insights and concrete advice to improve care and support throughout the exiting process. We argue that healthcare services for this population be modeled harm reduction approaches that focus on victims' agency and needs, independent of their desire to exit trafficking. We emphasize the urgent need for proper case management and intersectoral and multidisciplinary care coordination in community-based settings as well as facilitated access to mental health support.

Counselling on physical activity in Danish antenatal care: A qualitative study of experiences from both the pregnant woman’s and the care provider’s perspective

ObjectivesPhysical activity during pregnancy is beneficial to maternal and fetal health, but most pregnant women do not achieve the recommended level of physical activity. To investigate how antenatal care can promote physical activity during pregnancy, this study explores experiences of physical activity counselling from the perspectives of pregnant women and antenatal care providers. MethodsIn a qualitative design with an inductive approach individual semi-structured interviews with 19 pregnant women and seven antenatal care providers were performed and analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsThe themes “Experiencing inadequate counselling”, “Benefiting from individualized guidance”, and “Voicing a need for enhanced support” cover the perspectives from the participating pregnant women. They often experienced insufficient physical activity counselling that left them insecure about proper physical activity during pregnancy. The pregnant women desired individualized and concrete advice and early and continuous support. From antenatal care providers the themes “Providers’ perceived barriers in counselling”, “Balancing the act of counselling”, and “Acknowledging potential for enhanced counselling” were identified. They perceived barriers towards counselling including time restraints, lack of interest, and doubts about certain physical activity during pregnancy but expressed trying to adjust the counselling to meet the woman’s individual situation. They acknowledged that continuous support during pregnancy and updated knowledge and increased focus among providers might improve physical activity counselling. ConclusionsPregnant women received scarce counselling on physical activity in antenatal care, while care providers described several barriers towards counselling on physical activity. Both pregnant women and antenatal care providers recognized opportunities for enhanced physical activity counselling.

The development of rowing performance evaluation technique using high-speed imaging

Rowing as an on-river sports has a long history dating back to the 16th century. The deeper understanding of fluid dynamics theory and the development of advanced material and manufacturing science and technology have inevitably fueled the continuous improvement on the world record of the rowing sports. The current paper focuses on the accurate extraction of the kinematics information including the boats location, velocity, and acceleration, resulting from the athletes rowing motion. A consumer-level digital camera is used for imaging the rowing motion at 50 frames per second from a distance, corresponding to a specific field of view ranging from 12 m 36 m. Furthermore, due to large-scale imaging lens distortion, the physical resolution is varying significantly due to imaging location change. A video-specific calibration method using fourth order polynomials are developed to calibrate the physical resolution of each pixel based on the physical length of the boat. The resulting data is pixel-level accurate and provides detailed record for athletes training. The acquired information is extremely useful in gauging athletes performance and can be further analyzed to provide concrete technical improvement advice.

Integration of e-learning approaches in a post-pandemic learning environment – Norwegian nursing students’ recommendations from an action research study

The covid-19 pandemic has profoundly led to changes in use of digital platforms, online teaching, and e-learning strategies. The aim of the present study was to examine how future pedagogical approaches can promote constructive learning environments and facilitate nursing students learning processes in future post-pandemic scenarios based on an action research study, which were conducted through several steps from January 2021 through January 2022 in a Bachelor of Nursing program at UiT the Arctic University of Norway. Students from the 2020 enrollment were invited to focus group interviews in March 2021. The interviews were transcribed, and content analyzed, resulting in concrete advice, which were implemented for the next enrollment. Students from the 2021 enrollment were invited to similar focus groups, resulting in refined advice, which will be presented. The pandemic situation resulted in extensive use of digital platforms for the 2020 enrollment. Students from this cohort described shock and disappointment connected to their study start. They expected a new life, meeting new friends and to develop a student identity, but their expectations were broken. The loss of social connections led to isolation and a weak link to the program and to the nursing profession. They recommended integrated training of theoretical and practical skills in small groups combined with short, well-prepared digital lectures equivalent to “flipped classroom” approaches. Implementing their advice, the 2021 enrollment's experience became different. This group was prepared for extensive use of digital platforms and gave future advise on increased flexibility and balance between the various learning activities centered around the clinical sessions. Based on these experiences during the pandemic, we suggest that digital platforms and e-learning strategies facilitate nursing students learning in combination with active and social learning environments.