Concern Authority Research Articles

Level of Awareness of Breast Cancer Among Adult Female in a Tertiary Level Hospital

Background: Breast cancer is the leading and most prevalent form of cancer among the women in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness of the breast cancer among adult female. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 adult females in Out Patient Departments (OPDs) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka during July to December 2013. Data were collected purposively by face-to-face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 103 adult females participated in the study with the mean (±SD) age was 36.26±12.70. Majority 39(37.9%) of the respondents were in age group 29-39. Most 82(79.6%) of the participants were married, 90(87.4%) were housewives, 31(30.1%) were HSC qualified. Maximum 31(88.35%) respondents had average knowledge on breast cancer. Education and occupational status was found significantly associated with level of knowledge of the respondents. Conclusion: The overall knowledge of the respondents was found average. As it is a major health burden in women and incidence is very high in Bangladesh concern authority should take necessary action to adopt measures to increase the awareness on breast cancer. Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 57 No (1) June 2024, pp 14-21

Nurses’ Knowledge regarding Infection Prevention in Neutropenic Patients at Tertiary Cancer Hospital, Nepal

Background:Neutropenia is one most common risk factor for infection and the leading causes of death in cancer patientsthat may results in unexpected hospitalizations and disruption in treatment plans and regimens.Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 nurses to assess the knowledge regarding infection preventionin neutropenic patients to those who are working least 6 months in chemotherapy of B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital(BPKMCH). A non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the sample and the data was collectedthrough a structured self- administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) version 22.Result: The study findings summarized the level of knowledge into three categories where more than half (51%) of therespondents had good level of knowledge, 46% had moderate knowledge and 3% had poor knowledge regarding infectionprevention in neutropenic patients.Conclusion: Though majority of the respondents had good and moderate level of knowledge regarding infection preventionin neutropenic patients but there is still lack of Guideline/Protocol on infection prevention measures and gap in knowledgeregarding daily nursing assessment. So, there is still need to develop and implement infection prevention guidelines/protocols and regular trainings on infection prevention from concern authority of hospital management.

Voices from the Classroom: Exploring the Secondary School Teachers’ Perception Towards Formative Assessment Practices

The present study focuses on exploring the teacher’s perception about formative assessment practices at secondary school. For this study investigator purposively selected 39 participants for study form 23 secondary schools of Mayurbhanj district. The study employed semi-structured interviews schedule for data collection. Collected data were analysed by content analysis and presented by thick descriptions. The study revealed that most of teachers have been four categories of formative assessment strategies have been used by the teachers such as Periodic Paper-Pencil Test, Multiple Assessment Practice, Portfolio Assessment and Subject Enrichment Activities. Further study found most of the teachers were satisfy with the infrastructural facilities of the school. Most of the teachers perceive that students are benefited in their achievements, actively participating in classroom discussion, aroused their interest for better understanding of the concept, able to know their strengths and weakness, fearless for exam and get opportunity to learn again by formative assessment. However most of them not satisfy with in-service training and parent supports for conducting formative assessment practices. Most of the teachers face problems like; absence of remedial teaching, student’s absenteeism in test or classroom, managing time to complete course, language barrier, low economic background of students, and lack of in-service training to teachers. It is suggested that, short term courses, workshops, seminars and, other necessary in-service training activities should be organized by the concern authority for professional development of teachers in formative assessment strategies. Therefore teachers will effectively implement the formative assessment practices in secondary schools.

Multitasking Streetlight –A Novel System

In today's era vehicle accidents are one of the leading causes of death due to lack of attention and help in time, poor emergency facilities, people lose their life. Highways are very vulnerable to accidents and many times the accident victims are unattended. Several time the accidents do not come under notice due to low traffic or ignorant trespassers. The Street light discussed in the paper is an automated system which witness the street throughout day and night. In case of any accident the streetlight will be able to generate an alarm as well as it will alert the concern authority. It simply observes the stay time of a vehicle in a pre-decided patch of road. In case of any delay, the streetlight will warn the concern team about the same. If there is an issue, the location is sent to the rescue team with the help of GSM module. The authors are also trying to reduce power consumption whenever there is no vehicle movement on the road. The streetlight will glow with high intensity when there is a vehicle on road otherwise it will be dim.

Barriers of Rehabilitation Services among the Stroke Patients in the Selected Community area of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Health care service is a global issue. Now a day’s rehabilitation services play a vital role to regain the normal health for participate in daily activities. At present, the need for rehabilitation services is largely unmet due the insufficient rehabilitation professionals, rehabilitation friendly infrastructures, skilled labor and awareness among the community, family and caregivers. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that in many low- and middle-income countries, there is a lack of trained professionals to provide rehabilitation services, with less than 10 skilled rehabilitation practitioners per 1 million populations. It is important to find the barriers in rehabilitation services provided among the stroke patients. The study was conducted to find out the barriers that effect on rehabilitation services among the stroke patients. So that concern authority can take necessary action to ensure the rehabilitation services among the mass people of the country. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to collect information regarding the barriers experienced by stroke patients and their family. The main barriers to the rehabilitation services are low socio-economic status of the participants, inaccessible infrastructures and transports, high cost of the rehabilitation services, crisis of the graduate rehabilitation professionals, negative attitudes of the caregiver towards the stroke patients. Stroke rehabilitation service should be integrated towards the mainstreamed health system at community level to improve the lives of persons suffer from stroke in Bangladesh.

Disaster Management and Conflict Resolution: a Case Study National Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management, South Sudan

This research attempt to expose the Humanitarian agencies activities in South Sudan with coordination of concern authority in government institutions. The consideration include historical development of humanitarian organizations after their establishment, in the end of Second World War (11). The study explained the definition of what Humanitarian agencies means? By early writers, as that groups and institutions which are entirely or largely independent from governmental which worked for humanitarian. On the other hand the study defined disaster as event resulting in loss of life, and great human suffering and distress, and large- scale material damage; while conflict resolutions is defined as the process that, two or more parties use to find a cordial solution to a problem of the conflict. The study articulate the objectives, Methods, policies plans, conflict resolution and roles of Humanitarian agencies in disaster management, Also the research has explained formation and organization structure of the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and disaster Management. in South Sudan. In addition of articulation for Humanitarian Crises including Images of flooding and drought; difficulties facing Humanitarian organizations work and possible solution is considered. Moreover the research has explained the data analysis, discussion and finding which indicate that all the respondents agreed about the important of Humanitarian agencies work in helping disadvantage communities, lastly but not least the researcher has posted Viewpoints and suggestion as way forwards.

Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of Freshwater Snails in Different Beels of Gopalganj District, Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, there are thousands of beels (a natural deep depression) exist in different sizes. Most of these large beels have become shrunken quite considerably in recent decades. Those beels are the potential source of snails. Gopalganj district of Bangladesh has lots of beels from where people collect huge amount of Mollusca species from the time immemorial. At present, the abundance is decreasing drastically due to uncontrolled catch. The seasonal abundance and distribution of Mollusca species in selected beel areas has been studied to know the real scenario. Surveys was conducted at summer (May-June), rain (September-October) and winter (December-January) season year round based on the observations and sampling in each six points (each of 16m2 area per point) of a beel, As such six selected beels in each Upazila of Gopalganj district have been considered under study. Sampling was done with the help of Sieves (0.2 mm, 2.0 mm and 4.75 mm), Cast nets, small hand nets and hand-picking methods and count. In this study, five snail species were found throughout the survey period where Lomba shamuk (Lymnaea stagnalis) was exhibited the highest in number than others. The highest average number (600 no/16m2) of snail was found in Gopalganj sadar Upazila at rainy season and the species comprised of only lomba shamuk. In case of Chakti shamuk (Macrochlamys indica), the highest average number (519 no/16m2) was also found in Gopalganj sadar upazila at the same period. The abundance of average number of Ghecho shamuk (Lymnaea luteola) was found low for all studied Upazila and this species was totally absent in Muksudpur. These findings may help the concern authority to take proper decisions on meaningful steps. Ultimately these findings may help the nature from the extinction of Mollusca species.

Management of Emergency Services in Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Tertiary Level Government Hospital

Background: The role of emergency department of a hospital and its services is immense important to the patients. Aim: To find out the management of the emergency services provided by the government hospital in Bangladesh. Method: The data were collected from 56 individual outpatients attending in emergency department of one of the tertiary level hospitals situated in the capital city of Bangladesh during 22th April to 3rd May 2012, following checklists and pre-structured questionnaire. Along with popular statistical tools and techniques, 0-4 Likert Scale Score was also used to measure the level of client satisfaction regarding the efficient management or quality services provided by the hospital. Results: The study shows that about 27% of the patients are not involved with any formal income activities, about 40% came to the hospital with surgical emergency, only 7% used ambulance to arrive at hospital and more than half of them (53.6%) were to come in the examination table through walking. In spite of emergency service, more than half of the patients were to waiting maximum 15 minutes after reaching the emergency department (ED). The Likert Scale clearly indicates that management services provided by SSMCH emergency is not appreciated by the all patients, which is really alarming for the health sector of the county. Practical Implication: The strength of health sector of a country as well as the popularity of a hospital mostly depends on the services provided by its emergency department. The findings will help the authority to improve the management of the services provided by the emergency department of hospitals in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Along with other measures, the government and concern authority should take necessary steps to ensure management of emergency services at all government hospitals across the country. Keywords: Emergency, Services, Management, Hospital and Tertiary Level.

Assessment of Fish Diversity of Keshori Lake, Deori, Gondia, Maharashtra, India

Diversity of fishes found in particular water body reflects the health status of it. Lakes are exploited by local fishermen for their livelihood. Keshori Lake is situated in close vicinity of human habitation in Deori, tahsil of Gondia district. Present investigation was carried out from July 2022 to December 2022. Regular catches of the fishes from Keshori Lake revealed its diversity. Total 28 species of Fishes found in water body belonging to 12 families and 8 orders. As expected, family Cyprinidae is the dominant among all the families. Overall diversity of fishes is satisfactory. The local fisherman’s cooperative society is not functional properly. The proper management and implementation of rotation policy for the catches are required. Also, a strict check on overfishing and water pollution is necessary by the concern authority.

Impact of Using Internet during Covid-19 Lockdown on University Students: A Study of Bangladesh Perspectives

Introduction: Government of Bangladesh declared lock down several times in the educational institutions for the purpose of retains the rapid speed of COVID-19. During the lockdown period students stayed in home and totally depended on internet for spending times, contract friends, attained in online classes etc. The purpose of the study is to measure the impact of long- time internet usage that brought various complications among the students in their physical and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown period. Methods: A structured online based questionnaire link was sent using Google forms and distributed to students via what’s app and Facebook Messenger and 360 respondents were filled up the questionnaire in the period of June 2021-August 2021 COVID-19. The distribution of respondent demographic variables was investigated using descriptive statistical methods; Pearson’s chi-square tests have been applied. Result: About 40.8% of students’ perception was that COVID-19 lockdown had changed their internet usage habits a little more than the normal time. The measures of the duration of time of internet usages there was a significant change. The respondents usage increased rapidly on 5-6 hours (42.05%) and 10 hours + (32.8%) whereas it was 30.3 % and only 6.9% respectively in before the lock down. The usages of internet hampered the students in their studies, night’s sleep, food habits, loneliness, frustration and depression during the lock down situation. Conclusion: The concern authority should take necessary steps to reduce the habit of internet usage the COVID-19 situation and motivate the students for concentrating on their studies and minimize the excessive use of the internet.

Analysis of the Variation in Different Nondestructive Testing and Standards

Non Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are used to review or measure the materials or designs without annihilating their surface, item uprightness and future handiness. The overall objective of the research is to assess the strength of concrete in existing structures using Nondestructive Tests at Kachankawal Rural Municipality, Jhapa District of Nepal.Rebound hammer test and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were used for determining the compressive strength of concrete. The existing Reinforced Concrete Cement culverts were used for 9 existing structures. Average rebound number were taken and calculated from each sample. From the average rebound number were taken to determine the grade of concrete along with corresponding compressive strength. Similarly, the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity tests were done on same existing structures and path length and time were noted for assessing the corresponding compressive strength and the quality of concrete. Triangulation among rebound hammer test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test and proposed initial grading were validated using chi square test. Relation between compressive strength with rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity were analyzed using linear regression model. Chi square confirms variation in compressive strength between calculated compressive strength and standard compressive strength. The relation of compressive strength (y) at R² = 1 with rebound number (x) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (x) could be expressed as y = 0.9306x - 2.7233 and y = 2.904 x + 10.119 respectively. The study is a guiding tool for concern authority and professionals to make effective decision regarding further structural development and budget allocation of the existing structures.

An Investors’ Interest towards Mutual Funds: A Study of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

The objective of this study is to assess the investor’s Mind-set towards mutual funds in Kathmandu valley. To fulfill the stated objectives, a total 230 potential respondents were selected purposively through questionnaire. The collected data are analyzed with the help of descriptive and correlation analysis. In terms of familiarity with the various financial securities currently available in the Nepalese financial market, most of investors familiar with fixed deposits, medium familiarity with shares and very low familiarity with bonds and debentures and money market instruments. The analysis of the results concluded that investors attracted towards mutual fund due to its flexibility, secured type of investment mechanism and Professional management Service in Nepal. Further, it is recommended that concern authority, regulations body, Issue Manager should conduct such training and awareness program showing the importance of mutual funds.

WITHDRAWN: Design and development of smart dustbin

The biggest pollution concern today is the overflow of garbage. This creates unhygienic conditions for individuals and creates a bad smell in the environment which in turn leads to the spreading of deadly viruses and human diseases. In order to avoid such issues, smart dustbin control is carried out and implemented with the help of various sensors. Various sensors are used in this system to monitor the level and specific IDs will be given for each dustbin in the cities so that it is easy to recognize which waste bin is complete. The GSM module is used to send a message forupdating the status of the bin to the respective authorities. When the bin level exceeds the threshold limit; the system transmits the reading with the given unique ID. After that, the dustbin will automatically close the door. Once the bins are complete, the user will not be able to access the bins. The status of the bin will be indicated on the LCD display and it will send a message with the help of GSM to the concerned authorities from their venues. So in order to clean the over flowing bins, the concern authority will take immediate action. The rain sensor is used to track rain. The door will automatically gets closed when the rain is detected in order to prevent the water entering inside the bin.

Improvement in ambient-air-quality reduced temperature during the COVID-19 lockdown period in India.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced India as a whole to lockdown from 24 March 2020 to 14 April 2020 (first phase), extended to 3 May 2020 (second phase) and further extended to 17 May 2020 (third phase) and 31 May 2020 (fourth phase) with only some limited relaxation in non-hot spot areas. This lockdown has strictly controlled human activities in the entire India. Although this long lockdown has had a serious impact on the social and economic fronts, it has many positive impacts on environment. During this lockdown phase, a drastic fall in emissions of major pollutants has been observed throughout all the parts of India. Therefore, in this research study we have tried to establish a relationship among the fall in emission of pollutants and their impact on reducing regional temperature. This analysis was tested through the application of Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope statistical index with air quality index and temperature data for several stations across the country, during the lockdown period. After the analysis, it has been observed that daily emissions of pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, SO2 and NH3) decreased by − 1– − 2%, allowing to reduce the average daily temperature by 0.3 °C compared with the year of 2019. Moreover, this lockdown period reduces overall emissions of pollutants by − 51– − 72% on an average and hence decreases the average monthly temperature by 2 °C. The same findings have been found in the four megacities in India, i.e., Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai; the rate of temperature fall in the aforementioned megacities is close to 3 °C, 2.5 °C, 2 °C and 2 °C, respectively. It is a clear indicator that a major change occurs in air quality, and as a result it reduced lower atmospheric temperature due to the effect of lockdown. It is also a clear indicator that a major change in air quality and favorable temperature can be expected if the strict implementations of several pollution management measures have been implemented by the concern authority in the coming years.

Real Time Online Sensing of Illicit Discharge of Wastewater into Lakes

Monitoring the illicit discharge of effluent in water bodies is made easier with the present design. The water bodies are monitored using various sensors to know the illicit discharge of effluents. The water quality parameters that are detected by sensors are fed into NODE MCU micro controller for analysis and to compare the data and check with the predefined conditions. Smart sensor network has been designed in such a way that it predicts the overwhelming water quality parameters, for example, pH, temperature, turbidity and electrical conductivity. The process of monitoring the effluents is carried out by the sensors. All the sensors are connected by sensor fusion technology through which they can compare their pre-set values and give us the accurate result on water quality status. It sends the message to the user about the standards of the effluent added to the water and also alert’s the concern authority. All the process executed is saved in the Google drive of the device as a backup every day. This instrument can be placed in various locations of the lakes. The predefined values are as follows: the pH sensor will be maintained between 6-9, turbidity less than 10NTU. If the illicit discharge value exceeds these predefined parameters messages will be sent to the water maintenance department through message and the buzzer will make a sound. The GPS is enabled for anti-theft purpose.

Detection of an Intruder and Protecting Automated Teller Machine using Seismic Sensor

Main motive of this proposed work is to develop an accurate security system for the Automated Teller Machine (ATM). High security is achieved by detecting harmful movements at the location. The proposed system uses Fuzzy logic and KNN classifiers to detect the motion accurately and take appropriate action. Fuzzification is implemented to work on larger data set and to observe different smaller data. Furthermore data is processed through the k-NN classifier to get the nearest result like it is intrusive behavior or normal behavior. If it is intrusive behavior then the door is locked and camera starts recording simultaneously message will be sent to the concern authority to take the counter action. Sensing system is developed with the help of geophone sensors, microcontroller. The proposed system achieves the accuracy of 98 percent to detect the harmful action.

Practices of Micro Enterprises in Nepal

Entrepreneurship is perceived as an effective way to escape from poverty and paternalism. In developing countries, the informal sector is an important source of employment. Micro-enterprise is a tiny industry usually of 1-10 people that is profit-oriented and may be owned by a man or a woman. Micro Enterprise Development Programme (MEDEP) is launched in the country with technical and financial support of United Nations development Programme (UNDP) since 1998. Parbat and Baglung districts are selected for the purpose of fieldwork. Objectives of the study are to identify practices of business registration, nature and types of enterprises, location of business, conducted of main business and entrepreneurs manage their business premises. The study is based on survey research approach. Data are collected through primary sources. Both qualitative and quantitative data have been used in this study. The result shows that out of total respondents 78.6 percent respondents did not register their firm in concern authority. Main reasons for not registered their business in concerned authorities is as follows: respondents have no knowledge, lengthy procedures; registration office is too far, costly, difficult to fill in the forms, and other reasons for not being registered. The result of study shows that out of total micro enterprises, 83.9 percent enterprise belongs to sole proprietorship and 10.8 percent belongs to partnership. To identify nature of business, there were given seven options. It is found that out of total respondents, near about fifty percent entrepreneurs have agro-based enterprises, 15.8 percent and 15.2 percent entrepreneurs have forest –based enterprise, and skilled-based enterprises respectively. The result shows that most of the entrepreneurs conducted their business in rural area i.e. 90.6 percent. An attempt has been made to identify conducted main business through questionnaire and it is found that out of total entrepreneurs, more than two third entrepreneurs conducted their business in their own land and building. Another survey result showed that 80.6 percent entrepreneurs arrange their business premises in without rent. It seems that most of the entrepreneurs conduct their business in rent free premises.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. X No. 1 December 2017, Page: 20-27

Analysis of IRI value for assessment of optimum maintenance strategy for low traffic volume roads in Nepal

Road infrastructure is an important sector of economic activity for the development of a country. The road infrastructure is required to be maintained in proper condition to ensure its continuous utilization in proper manner. By proper maintenance of roads, continuous acceptability, a higher economy, safety and serviceability are gained. This research work was carried out through analysis of data collected from Department of Road (DoR) Nepal and surveyed through Google Earth. While analyzing data, data are categorized according to road type and pavement surface with spatial coverage. It mainly deals with the using of Road Economic Decision (RED) model, in which Highway Development and Management (HDM)-4 VOC model (Version 3.2) is used for computing coefficient of Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) and RED Main Economic Decision model is used to compute value of International Roughness Index (IRI) for optimum maintenance strategy for strategic road network of Nepal with low traffic volume. The outcome of analysis will help the concern authority to make good decision on making priority and economical selection of maintenance strategy for the road having specified range of IRI value depending on the pavement type, surface type and volume of vehicle with spatial coverage.

Fraud Risk Management

Fraud is an intentional act committed to procure an unfair or unlawful gain. The study found that there were a more number of fraud cases with high variability witnessed in the second half-of-year 2011-12, but the variability was less in case of gender. The Delhi suffered with the higher amount of fraud losses. More than 63 percent of total fraud cases reported in 2011-12 were hailed from the financial services sector, followed by the technology and transportation. The majority of the fraud cases were recorded in the banking sector and money lost by banks due to scams and frauds have doubled in the past-four years. To mitigate the fraud cases the concern authority should apply the process of (1) assessment of risks (2) Design (3) Implementation (4) Evaluation.

A study on Problems and Solutions for Distance Learning Education

This paper deals with problems associated with distance education and their tentative solutions. First, it identifies those problems which were faced by distant learners during their course of study. Second, it also identifies the problems associated with the distance education system. Finally, it provides tentative solutions to these problems and some recommendations for the betterment of distance education. For this related content collected from different books, journals and internet was reviewed and then problems associated with distance education were identified. These were associated with nature of study material, lack of multi-media instruction, insecurities about learning, lack of feedback or contact with the teacher, lack of support and services, lack of social interaction among learners, lack of student training, absence of a teacher, low status of distance education institutes, rigidity imposed by university regulations, misconception about the role of distance education departments, discrimination with the product of the distance education departments lack of support by the faculty. Keeping in mind theses problems tentative solutions were suggested such as -If distance learning institutions are serious about providing equity of educational opportunity to all, then careful consideration must be given to the special needs of distance learners. We should use multi-media technologies during PCPs. Proper planning and cooperation on the part of all those are associated with distant learners. If students are undertaking distance learning courses that require knowledge of computers, then the students must be taught, at a minimum, the fundamentals of operating the system of choice of the distance-taught course. Feedback on the part of concern distance educators and authority regarding admission, PCPs, assignments, examination and projects should be provided to the distance learners time to time. Understanding and mitigating technology problems are important, especially with the rapid expansion of technology. Further research into course development techniques will help learning institutions understand which methods work best in the distance learning classroom.