Migraine activity is shaped not only by the biological vulnerability but also by environmental factors that may influence susceptibility and contribute to fluctuations in migraine occurrence, although the evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the intermediate-term and short-term effects of environmental exposures on migraine activity and to examine a conceptual layered model comprising biological vulnerability, intermediate-term environmental modulators, and acute triggers. We conducted a population-based case-crossover study among patients with migraine identified from the Negev Migraine Cohort (2000-2023), using electronic medical records from Clalit Health Services and Soroka University Medical Center. Eligible participants were adult patients (≥18 years) residing in Be'er Sheva, Israel, with migraine diagnoses or triptan prescriptions. Daily exposure to air pollutants and meteorologic conditions were obtained from fixed monitoring stations. Outcomes were emergency migraine-related encounters as a marker of triggered events and quarterly triptan use as a marker for disease activity. Intermediate-term modulators were defined as weekly climatic conditions hypothesized to modify the short-term effects of daily exposures. Associations were evaluated using conditional logistic and Poisson regression. The analysis included 7,032 adult patients with migraine residing in Be'er Sheva. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (odds ratio [OR] 1.41; 95% CI 1.13-1.77) and solar radiation (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.07-1.42) was associated with an increased risk of emergency migraine-related encounters. Cumulative exposure to NO2 was associated with a higher triptan use (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.10; 95% CI 1.00-1.21), as was cumulative particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) exposure during the preceding quarter (IRR 1.09; 95% CI 1.00-1.19). Weekly climatic conditions modified short-term effects: high temperatures and low humidity during summer amplified NO2-related risk (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.06-3.30), whereas cold and humid winter weeks intensified the effect of PM2.5 (OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.74-5.82). Short-term and cumulative exposure to ambient air pollution and climatic factors were associated with increased migraine activity. Although these findings support a layered model of environmental modulation of migraine activity, their generalizability is limited by the use of emergency health care encounters as a proxy outcome, underscoring the need for further research using complementary measures.

The study looked at how conceptual modelling (CM) and conceptual blending (CB) affected students’ achievement in chemistry. This study employed a quasi-experimental design. In this study, 274 seniors secondary (SSII) chemistry students from six coeducational secondary schools in the state were randomly selected using simple random sampling. The information was gathered using the chemistry achievement test (CAT). It was used for pre-test and post-test to evaluate students’ achievement in chemistry. All groups received these tests before and after a six-week course of therapy. The mean/average scores of the 3 groups on the pre-test and post-test were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of the CAT data. The study discovered that CM, as opposed to CB, had a significantly bigger effect on students’ achievement in chemistry. Chemistry achievement was significantly higher with CB than with the lecture approach (LA). According to the study, when compared to the LA, CM and CB are more effective teaching strategies for raising students’ achievement in chemistry. Furthermore, it was discovered that CM was the most successful approach. It was suggested, among other things, that chemistry instructors incorporate CM into their chemical lessons.

The rapidly changing and increasingly complex processes enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) applications challenge the conventional concepts of innovation. In contrast to a general perception that AI adoption can augment innovation output, managers still lack empirical guidance on how to structure innovation processes with human-AI interaction across time and space. Drawing on observations from case studies in the aerospace, heavy engineering, information technology, and pharmaceutical sectors, this paper presents the development of a conceptual model for digital innovation to represent (<i>i</i>) <i>Learning Processes (LPs) focusing on knowledge creation and knowledge reuse and</i> (<i>ii</i>) <i>Product Development Processes (PDPs) leading to radical and incremental changes</i>. <i>The conceptual model is inductively developed based on</i> a theory building approach using multiple case studies. A set of transformative characteristics centralized on Originality, Reliability, Transferability, and Adaptability (ORTA) are identified to guide decision-making along multi-stage and cross-layer innovation processes involving cyclical handoffs between humans and machine agents. These ORTA characteristics form a base for strategic decision-making along the Human and AI decision spectrum suited to prepare companies for survival and prosperity in their journeys of digital transformation.

To analyse the comfort needs of patients following renal transplantation, guided by Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort. A qualitative design was employed. This study was conducted at a Brazilian university hospital's renal transplant outpatient clinic. Forty-six post-transplant patients were purposively sampled by age, transplant time and clinic attendance. Face-to-face interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and conducted using a semi-structured script. Data were analysed through thematic content analysis, guided by Kolcaba's Comfort Theory and relevant literature. Participant narratives were categorised according to the contexts outlined by Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort: Physical, Environmental, Sociocultural and Psychospiritual. In the physical context, pain was identified as a major factor diminishing comfort after renal transplantation. In the environmental context, elements such as light, odour, sound, temperature and uncomfortable furnishings contributed to discomfort. In the sociocultural context, family support was highlighted as essential. In the psychospiritual context, religiosity played a key role in enhancing the comfort of transplant recipients. Spirituality, strengthened social support networks and non-pharmacological comfort measures are essential for promoting comfort among patients following renal transplantation. These findings underscore the importance of integrated care approaches that address physical, emotional and social aspects to improve quality of life for this population. Conceptual models in nursing provide a critical perspective for care and support the delivery of effective, evidence-based interventions. By identifying the multidimensional comfort needs of post-renal transplant patients, this study informs the development of targeted, holistic strategies for nursing and multidisciplinary practice in outpatient settings. This study examined the multidimensional comfort needs of post-renal transplant patients and found that comfort is shaped by physical, environmental, sociocultural and psychospiritual factors. The results may guide global nursing and multidisciplinary outpatient care by informing integrated approaches that enhance the quality of life of transplant recipients. This study was reported according to the COREQ framework. No patient or public contribution.

Applying the Target Study Conceptual Model to Measure Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Treatment Intensification.

Evidence supports the benefits of physical activity (PA); however, many adults do not achieve recommended PA levels. Identity theories have been used to understand PA, but the antecedents of PA identity remain less clear. This study presents an exploratory test of a conceptual model predicting PA identity strength using candidate antecedents identified in a recent narrative review. A three-week prospective survey was administered to 570 Canadian adults. Time 1 recorded weekly self-reported minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), self-regulation domains and five candidate antecedents-social relatedness, personal investment, perceived capability, PA alignment and priority. PA identity was measured 3 weeks later (Time 2). Using a structural equation modelling approach, we explored the proposed pattern of direct and indirect paths. The model fit the data adequately, χ2 = 795.92, df = 324, CFI = .95, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .05 (90% CI = .05-.06) and SRMR = .07. Significant direct paths to Time 2 identity were observed for Time 1 MVPA, reactive regulation, self-monitoring, relatedness, perceived capability, alignment and priority (β = .11-.34, ps ≤ .04). Indirect paths from Time 1 relatedness, personal investment and priority to Time 2 identity-operating via Time 1 MVPA and self-regulation strategies (especially reactive regulation and self-monitoring)-were also significant (β = .09-.18, ps ≤ .01). PA identity may have multivariate inputs. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the proposed conceptual model and experimental work is needed to determine whether modifying these inputs changes PA identity.

• Novel use of geochemical tracers with eDNA to constrain spring groundwater sources. • eDNA and isotopes serve as complementary hydrogeological tracers. • Microbial beta diversity and 3 H reveal elevation gradient influence on springs. • Spring discharge integrates groundwater from multiple recharge zones. Natural springs are vital ecotones which connect surface and groundwaters, play critical ecological roles and sustain important cultural values worldwide. Increasing pressures on hydrological systems from anthropogenic-induced changes threaten springs and their connected waterways. Methods to characterise spring groundwater sources and the dynamics controlling discharge are critical to inform evidence-based management. This study presents an eco-hydrogeological approach synthesising geochemical tracer data (hydrochemistry, stable and radio-isotopes) with environmental DNA (eDNA) from springs and spring-fed surface waters, to develop a conceptual model of groundwater flow paths and water sources for Great Artesian Basin springs in Carnarvon Gorge, northern Australia. Analysis of δ 2 H, δ 18 O, 3 H, 14 C and 36 Cl identified vertical inter-aquifer flow as a major control on local groundwater dynamics. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr helped to constrain dominant water sources for springs and confirmed multiple recharge zones within and surrounding the gorge. eDNA was in certain areas more sensitive than the isotopic tracers to differences in recharge area and flow paths, e.g., distinguishing between groundwater from the same aquifer(s) emerging at different springs hydraulically separated by gorge topography. 3 H showed a statistically significant relationship with eDNA beta diversity and non-linear modelling supported the hypothesised elevation-driven vertical hydraulic gradient controlling groundwater flow to springs. This is among the first studies to demonstrate the value of integrating ecological with isotopic tracers in the context of developing more robust and nuanced conceptual models of complex aquifer-spring-surface water dynamics. We highlight the need for multi-tracer approaches to inform the protection of springs, connected waters, and associated ecological and cultural values.

Tension and resolution: A conceptual model for L2 plagiarism

Process-based analysis of electrosteric stabilization and surface site competition in copper butyl xanthate transport.

Transit time distributions are fundamental to hydrologic research and practice, providing insights into how catchments store, release, and transport water and solutes. Mean transit time estimates, however, often suffer from significant aggregation errors in heterogeneous and nonstationary catchments. The young water fraction ( F yw ) provides a robust alternative that directly reflects the proportion of recent precipitation in discharge and enables consistent comparison between catchments. While numerous studies have focused on estimating F yw in rivers, little is known about its magnitude and variability in springs. To address this knowledge gap, this study quantifies F yw in spring discharge from a diverse set of 469 springs in Austria. Across the dataset, F yw is generally low and approximately log-normally distributed (mean 0.06), with variability among springs largely controlled by aquifer structure: karst springs display the highest fractions and greatest variability, talus springs intermediate values, and fracture and alluvial springs low fractions with limited variability. Evaluating the sensitivity of F yw to discharge reveals distinct responses to hydrologic forcing: karst springs are most sensitive, reflecting temporary shifts in relative flow path contributions, whereas fracture springs are least sensitive, reflecting conservative flow dynamics. Drawing on a dataset of 565 rivers compiled for comparison, springs exhibit substantially lower F yw , likely reflecting their predominantly slow subsurface flow paths. By analyzing F yw across a large number of springs, this study delivers the first systematic insight into young water contributions to spring discharge, informing conceptual models, water resource management strategies, and contamination risk assessments. • Large-scale study of 469 springs shows low young water fractions ( ). • Aquifer structure and hydrologic forcing control variability among springs. • Springs consistently contain less young water than rivers. • Young water fraction offers a simple, robust metric for alpine water management.

From waste to sustainability: Exploring consumer purchase intentions of milk enriched with upcycled peanut skins

The purpose of this review was to identify and synthesize the current sport literature on intrateam conflict and conflict management. Among other criteria, articles were included if intrateam conflict or intrateam conflict management was listed in the study purpose statement. Eighteen articles were included. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis revealed that individual-level factors (e.g., personality) were common conflict sources, while outcomes (e.g., cohesion) occurred at the group level. The review identified four intervention studies and two on coach conflict management styles, suggesting that a range of strategies may be effective. Findings from this review reveal a need for more research in sport settings that measures intrateam conflict. An initial conceptual model of intrateam conflict is provided, which follows an input–mediator–output framework, and sport scholars should aim to develop a sport-specific theory of intrateam conflict to better guide future research.

Bridging environmental and social sustainability: A conceptual model of blue-green-red infrastructure (BGRI)

Purpose This study aims to explore how consumers engage with climate change issues through their interactions with the Too Good To Go application, an online marketplace designed to combat food waste at restaurants. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on customer engagement (CE) theory and the norm activation model (NAM) and using a mixed-methods approach, this research uses large language model-assisted thematic analysis to explore the key motivational drivers of engagement. Building on these insights, the authors used a survey and conducted structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model. Findings The results reveal that perceived sustainability, novelty, sense of community and value for money significantly foster affective engagement, which in turn drives behavioral engagement outcomes. Research limitations/implications This research deepens understanding of pro-environmental consumer behavior by integrating CE theory with the NAM, thereby explicating the moral activation mechanisms underlying sustainable dining behaviors. This study also makes a methodological contribution by combining mixed methods with large language model-assisted thematic analysis to examine CE at scale. Practical implications By focusing on restaurant-based climate action, the study provides actionable insights for hospitality businesses seeking to embed sustainability into their operations and customer experience strategies. Originality/value This research makes a significant contribution to the field through its innovative methodological approach, its targeted application within the hospitality sector and its examination of how digital transformation facilitates sustainable behavioral change. The study provides valuable insights for designing digital platforms that simultaneously promote environmental action and enhance consumer loyalty.

The article proposes a solution to a fundamental problem in innovation management – the "zero-point problem," associated with a shortage of high-quality ideas at the input of the innovation funnel. Dominant models focused on the selection and diffusion of finished solutions treat the initial pool of ideas as given, without examining the mechanisms of its semiotic formation. The purpose of the study is to overcome this limitation by developing a conceptual "Funnel–Reflector" model based on an interdisciplinary synthesis.In this model, the traditional project selection tool (the "funnel") is complemented by a mechanism of purposeful generation (the "reflector") that operates with virtual and fictional product-narratives, mental models, and images of the future within a semiotic space (the semiosphere). The theoretical foundation of the approach is an integration of narrative economics, semiotics, the philosophy of semiotic realism, sociology, and knowledge management theory. Within the framework of semiotic realism, the functioning of the "Reflector" is interpreted as the management of semiodynamics-the process of activating "virtual particles" of meaning in order to enable their subsequent materialization.A key element of the model is the Idea Readiness Level (IRL) scale, which describes the process of meaning generation and semiotic "maturation" from an initial emotional impulse to a fully developed concept. The article advances a hypothesis regarding a multiplicative increase in the number of ideas depending on the depth of integration between the reflector and the funnel. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of new instruments for managing innovative activity, including narrative laboratories and metrics for assessing the semiotic activity of innovation ecosystems.

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and employee well-being (EW) in the Spanish wine industry, within workplaces increasingly supported by artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies, analyzing the mediating role of work–life balance (WLB) from a happiness management perspective. Winery age, size and protected designation of origin membership are included as control variables. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual model grounded in the resource-based view and the ability–motivation–opportunity framework is empirically tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. AI is conceptualized as a contextual enabler that supports the design, coordination and execution of HPWS, rather than as a focal technological variable. The analysis relies on survey data collected from 196 Spanish wineries between September 2022 and January 2023. Findings The results show that HPWS are positively associated with EW and that WLB is positively related to EW. Moreover, WLB partially mediates the relationship between HPWS and EW, indicating that HPWS contribute to happiness management in wineries operating in digitally supported work environments, fostering more sustainable work–life dynamics under demanding and seasonal working conditions. Originality/value First, this study extends HPWS research to a labor-intensive and highly seasonal industry undergoing AI-supported work organization. Second, it advances the happiness management and EW literature by identifying WLB as a mediating mechanism in digitally transforming workplaces. Third, it offers practical insights for designing HR systems that enhance performance and EW in the wine industry.

This study examines the phenomenon of early marriage, commonly associated with social pressures transmitted through family expectations, community norms, and media discourse, which may also affect urban women, including civil servants in the education sector. Such pressures are often linked to vulnerabilities in domestic relationships, including potential verbal and non-verbal violence. Using a qualitative-descriptive literature review, this research systematically analyzes relevant academic sources to explore the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) values in shaping the personality of ṣāliḥah women as a form of psychosocial competence. The analysis focuses on three key themes: (1) the transmission of social norms from rural to urban contexts, (2) the conceptualization of ṣāliḥah women as encompassing emotional regulation, assertive communication, rights awareness, and coping strategies, and (3) the relationship between the internalization of PAI values and family relationship quality. The findings suggest that the internalization of religious values extends beyond normative dimensions, functioning as a psychosocial resource with the potential to act as a protective factor against social pressures and unhealthy domestic dynamics. However, this relationship remains conceptual and context-dependent. This study contributes by proposing a conceptual model positioning the ṣāliḥah construct as a psychosocial competence linking PAI value internalization to household harmony through self-regulation and adaptive social interaction. A key limitation is the absence of empirical validation due to its reliance on literature-based analysis.

This study aimed to examine the determinants of mental health among adult earthquake survivors by testing conceptual models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Specifically, the study investigated how trauma memories, post-traumatic cognitions, trauma identity and safety-seeking behaviours interact to influence mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 285 adults (65.3% female) who experienced the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye. Participants completed self-report measures assessing trauma memories, post-traumatic cognitions, safety-seeking behaviours, trauma identity, PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, and overall mental health. Two structural equation models-one for PTSD and one for CPTSD-were tested to evaluate the pathways linking trauma-related variables to mental health. Structural equation modelling indicated that trauma memories significantly and positively predicted post-traumatic cognitions, which in turn predicted both trauma identity and safety-seeking behaviours. These mediators were positively associated with PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, which negatively predicted mental health. In the PTSD model, trauma identity had a stronger effect, whereas in the CPTSD model, safety-seeking behaviours were more influential. Both models demonstrated good fit indices, confirming the hypothesized pathways. The findings underscore the pivotal role of trauma memories and post-traumatic cognitions in shaping trauma-related behavioural and identity processes that contribute to PTSD and CPTSD symptoms. Targeting these mechanisms in clinical interventions may enhance mental health outcomes in individuals exposed to large-scale natural disasters.

Effect of time-dependent forcing on pole reversals in a conceptual dynamo model.

Exposure-associated physiologic reactions (EAPR) represent unexpected physiologic responses to medications, food additives, environmental exposures, and immunologic stimuli that are increasingly encountered in modern clinical practice. While most exposures are well-tolerated, a subset of individuals develops disproportionate, multisystem responses that do not conform to traditional models of hypersensitivity, toxicity, or pharmacologic effect. These reactions are frequently misattributed to primary disease processes due to their atypical and transient nature, leading to diagnostic uncertainty and unnecessary investigation. Emerging clinical observations suggest that such responses may represent a broader and previously underrecognized phenomenon. This review proposes the concept ofEAPRas a unifying clinical framework describing non-classical, often non-IgE-mediated responses to pharmacologic, dietary, environmental, and immunologic exposures. Drawing upon case-based evidence involving cardiovascular, renal, neurologic, ophthalmologic, and autonomic manifestations, this article integrates diverse observations into a cohesive mechanistic and diagnostic model. Recognition of EAPR may improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce unnecessary investigations, and enhance pharmacovigilance by integrating fragmented clinical observations into a coherent and clinically actionable framework. This framework is intended as a conceptual and hypothesis-generating model and requires further validation through systematic investigation.