Conceptual Aspects Research Articles

Motion-related image schemas in Serbian journalistic articles

Abstract The paper explores various aspects of conceptualization based on motion-related image schemas and their combinations. It does so based on a custom-made and self-annotated linguistic corpus belonging to the journalistic register in Serbian, used for obtaining various descriptive and inferential statistical data interpreted qualitatively. It demonstrates that image schemas exhibit a marked clustering tendency and that they appear to interact with one another and with the categorical variables (newspaper, topic) in non-trivial ways. It reinterprets scale as a higher order principle (rather than an image schema per se) specifying the intensity with which other schemas occur. This, in turn, has enabled formalization of intensities of individual image schemas participating in the established image schema complexes, with important consequences for further research, including the exploration of the dynamic nature of schema interaction and meaning construction not only in language but also other semiotic domains.

Juridical Analysis of IPR Decision No. 438K/Pdt.Sus-Hki/2018 Concerning the "Lexus" Brand Dispute Between Marzuki Tan and Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki

The "LEXUS" brand dispute between Marzuki Tan and Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki is one of the important cases in intellectual property law in Indonesia. The Commercial Court at the Central Jakarta District Court and the Supreme Court assessed that the registration of the trademark "LEXUS" by the Defendant was carried out in bad faith. In deciding this case, both courts considered various legal elements, including the substantial similarities between the mark registered by the Defendant and the well-known mark owned by the Plaintiff. This similarity, including visual, phonetic and conceptual aspects, is considered to have the potential to mislead consumers and harm legitimate brand owners. The plaintiff successfully demonstrated that its "LEXUS" mark is a well-known brand with a global reputation, which is widely promoted through various media. The Court concluded that the Defendant acted with the intention to take advantage of the Plaintiff's brand reputation, which constitutes a violation of the good faith principle in trademark registration. Supreme Court decision in cassation no. 438 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2018 strengthens the Commercial Court's decision, emphasizing the protection of well-known marks from dishonest registration. This case not only provides legal protection for brand owners, but also establishes an important legal precedent regarding good faith in brand registration in Indonesia. Thus, this decision strengthens the well-known brand protection system, prevents attempts at imitation, and increases legal certainty in the protection of intellectual property in Indonesia.

Unveiling the nature of philosophical problems: Formal and conceptual aspects

AbstractThis paper approximates an intensional definitional distinction between philosophical problems and non‐philosophical problems. It contends that a philosophical problem consists of an inconsistent set M of propositions that satisfies certain characteristics. Among these are its minimality, the plausibility of its individual propositions, the non‐empirical character of some of these propositions, and the fact that a discursive context exists within which some of M's non‐mathematical non‐empirical propositions are challenged by argument. The extrinsic and pragmatic criterion marks the key novelty of the presented definition. Building on the analysed concept of a philosophical problem, the paper explores the question of how the definition relates to philosophy as a discipline, whether it should be interpreted as descriptively adequate and exclusive, and whether there is space for genuine philosophical research that does not deal with philosophical problems in the presented sense.

Environment in Industry 4.0: Applicability of Biotechnology as a Tool for Sustainability and Innovation

Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the applicability of biotechnology as a tool for sustainability and innovation in industry 4.0. Methodology: The methodology adopted consisted of a bibliographic survey carried out on academic platforms such as SciELO, Scopus and Google Scholar, in addition to Brazilian repositories such as CAPES and BDTD. The research included skimming and an analysis of selected materials, addressing both conceptual and practical aspects of biotechnology in industry. Results and data analysis: The results revealed the evolution of the relationship between human beings and the environment, highlighting the growing awareness of sustainability and the importance of urgent actions. Industry 4.0, in turn, represents the integration of advanced technologies that transform factories into connected and efficient environments, focusing on automation, big data and personalization. Biotechnology has proven essential, using living organisms to develop sustainable products and processes, with significant advances in the areas of health, agriculture and environmental preservation. The intersection between biotechnology and Industry 4.0 allows for the implementation of more sustainable agricultural practices, personalized medical treatments, biofuel production and bioremediation, although it also raises ethical and safety concerns. The conclusion highlights that biotechnology plays a crucial role in promoting sustainability and innovation, offering solutions that optimize processes and reduce environmental impacts. However, challenges such as regulations and ethical issues need to be addressed. Collaboration between governments, industries and research institutions is vital to maximize the benefits and ensure a safe and responsible application of these technologies, thus being able to positively influence the future of the industry towards a more sustainable and efficient production model. Final considerations: In conclusion, the research revealed that the intersection between biotechnology and Industry 4.0 is fundamental to promoting sustainability and innovation. Biotechnology offers sustainable solutions in areas such as healthcare, agriculture and environmental preservation, while Industry 4.0 enables optimization and efficiency through digitalization and automation. However, ethical and regulatory challenges must be addressed. Collaboration between governments, industries and research institutions is crucial to ensure the safe and responsible application of these technologies, shaping a more sustainable and efficient industrial future.

Balancing Economic Growth and Social Equity: A Legal and Conceptual Analysis of Indonesian Agrarian Reform in the Agribusiness Sector

Indonesia faces the persistent challenge of balancing economic growth with social equity in its agribusiness sector. This study analyzes how legal and conceptual aspects of agrarian reform policies contribute to this balancing act, particularly in the context of rising agribusiness investment and the persistence of smallholder farming. A normative juridical method was employed, incorporating statute, historical, and conceptual approaches. Legal documents, historical records, and academic literature were analyzed. Simulation data, based on government statistics and existing research, was used to model the potential impact of different policy scenarios on economic growth and social equity. Indonesia's legal framework, while promoting land redistribution and tenure security, exhibits inconsistencies that can favor large-scale agribusiness interests. This can lead to unequal access to land and resources, potentially hindering inclusive growth. Simulation data suggests that strengthening land tenure security, improving access to finance, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices can contribute to both economic growth and social equity. In conclusion, optimizing agrarian reform requires a more nuanced approach that prioritizes social equity alongside economic growth. This includes strengthening land rights for smallholder farmers, improving access to resources, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Secondary legal relations as the special type of legal relations

In this article, the author, from the standpoint of a general legal approach, defines the essence of such a legal structure as a “second legal relationship”, which in the conceptual aspect is largely not developed, and the points of view available regarding its legal nature belong exclusively to civil law science. In the course of the study, using the comparative method, special signs of a second legal relationship are revealed by comparing them with the signs of a classical legal relationship. In addition, the author based on the existing classification of legal relations on the basis of the dependence of one legal relationship on another, in the context of the consideration of secondary legal relations, new types of legal relations are proposed (linear derivative, indirect derivative, inverse derivative), and the place of secondary legal relations is clarified when dividing legal relations depending on the implemented function of the right into static and dynamic, among which it is proposed to distinguish dynamic neutral, dynamic positive, dynamic negative. As the main conclusion on the work, along with others, is the conclusion about the general legal nature of the second legal relationship, the features of which are the derivation from the main legal relationship and the transformative potential leading to a change in the legal sphere of behavior counterparty of a secondarily authorized person.

Enhancing Students’ Emotional, Epistemic, and Conceptual Aspects in Scientific Practice through Computational Modeling on a Food Web

Enhancing Students’ Emotional, Epistemic, and Conceptual Aspects in Scientific Practice through Computational Modeling on a Food Web

Adaptive behavior in primary agenesis of the corpus callosum

Background and aimsPrimary agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a congenital neurological disorder characterized by the absence, either partial or complete, of the corpus callosum in individuals who do not have intellectual disability and are otherwise neurologically asymptomatic. While mild to moderate neurocognitive deficits have been observed in individuals with primary ACC using neuropsychological assessments, the impact of this syndrome on adaptive behavior remains insufficiently understood. MethodsThis study used self- and informant-ratings on the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition (ABAS-II) to evaluate adaptive behavior in 35 adults diagnosed with primary ACC. ResultsWhile adults with primary ACC reported adaptive functioning comparable to an age-adjusted normative sample, family informants rated their adaptive ability below norms in several skill domains, particularly social skills. ConclusionsThis pattern of lower ratings by informants than self-ratings suggests adults with ACC may have poor understanding of their own behavior and its consequences. This study demonstrates that informants observe significant deficiencies in the conceptual, social, and practical aspects of adaptive behavior in persons with primary ACC, and that these deficiencies are not seen as clearly by the persons themselves.

Conceptual and Applied Aspects of Water Retention Tests on Tailings Using Columns

The water retention capacity of porous materials is crucial in various geotechnical and environmental engineering applications such as slope stability analysis, landfill management, and mining operations. Filtered tailings stacks are considered an alternative to traditional tailings dams. Nevertheless, the mechanical behaviour and stability of the material under different water content conditions are of concern because these stacks can reach considerable heights. The water behaviour in these structures is poorly understood, particularly the effects of the water content on the stability and potential for liquefaction of the stacks. This study aims to investigate the water retention and flow characteristics of compacted iron ore tailings in high columns to better understand their hydromechanical behaviour. The research used 5 m high columns filled with iron ore tailings from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The columns were prepared in layers, compacted, and instrumented with moisture content sensors and suction sensors to monitor the water movement during various stages of saturation, drainage, infiltration, and evaporation. The sensors provided consistent data and revealed that the tailings exhibited high drainage capacity. The moisture content and suction profiles were effectively established over time and revealed the dynamic water retention behaviour. The comparison of the data with the theoretical soil water retention curve (SWRC) demonstrated a good correlation which indicates that there was no hysteresis in the material response. The study concludes that the column setup effectively captures the water retention and flow characteristics of compacted tailings and provides valuable insights for the hydromechanical analysis of filtered tailings stacks. These findings can significantly help improve numerical models, calibrate material parameters, and contribute to the safer and more efficient management of tailings storage facilities.

Buddhapālita’s and Candrakīrti’s Interpretation of the Concept of Causality

Buddhapālita and Candrakīrti relied on different traditions of commenting Nāgārjuna’s Mūla-madhyamaka-kārikās, and the tradition presented in Candrakīrti’s “Prasannapadā” is closer to Nāgārjuna’s autocommentary “Akutobhaya” than Buddhapālita’s tradition, though in conceptual aspect both of them are practically identical to each other. Causality is understood there as a law that permeates all saṃsāric existence and makes all existence empty, for only that which is the cause of itself could be non-empty. But Buddhist philosophy denies the very possibility of the existence of such realities, because, were saṃsāric existence based on something self-existent, saṃsāra would be insuperable. Both traditions treat the relationship of cause and effect as chronologically “adjacent” to each other. However, all the judgments presented above are true only on a relative level; from an absolute point of view, they are based on the differences between the true and the false, the meaningful and the meaningless, the being and the non-being, the subject and the object, etc., and therefore are empty. Hence any judgment about causality is also empty in the absolute sense.

"Urgency" and "emergency" in the system of law-making proccess: conceptual and categorical dimension

It is indicated that the course of events at the global and regional levels of social development during recent years is difficult to characterize unambiguously from the standpoint of purely positive or negative aspects. However, it can be unequivocally noted that modern socio-political processes at the global and regional levels have a particularly sensitive effect on legal phenomena and processes. In the article, the author focuses on the relevance of the study of the conceptual and categorical foundations of the categories «urgency» and «emergency» and the peculiarities of their manifestation within the framework of law­making process. According to the author of the article, the achievement of the above is due to the need to carry out a comprehensive and conceptual analysis through the prism of scientific views and approaches of scientists. Attention was drawn to the fact that in connection with numerous factors of a subjective and objective nature, in particular, the duration of the war on the territory of Ukraine, the spread of the SARS- CoV-2 virus, the development of technologies, especially in the information field, the issues of new mechanisms for the development and adoption of the system are being updated normative legal acts taking into account the existing requirements and realities of the modern state of development of society, law and the state. Analysis of doctrinal approaches to this issue will provide clarification of the conceptual and categorical aspects of the relevant legal categories. It is substantiated that in cognitive terms it is expedient to analyze these legal categories through the prism of scientific views and concepts, which will allow generalizing their properties and improving their definitions. The content of the work includes a doctrinal analysis of the concepts of «urgency» and «emergency» as special legal categories. It was concluded that the categories «emergency» and «urgency» within the framework of law-making have a high level of relevance; require thorough, comprehensive scientific research within the framework of legal theory; are characterized by the presence of a common purpose, essential differences.

Music and Language: Sounds-Rhythms and Rhymes

Objective: To present a perspective whose reflection and discussion are assessed from a range of authors and perspectives that discursively gather various aspects of the relationship between music and language, considering the triad that sustains it: sounds, rhythms, and rhymes. Theoretical Framework: We have brought together a series of authors who substantiate the relationship between language and music and their conceptual and technical aspects, in order to maintain a clear and defined approach capable of yielding measurable results for future research. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes the narrative matrix of thematic literature review, which, in this case, fits an interdisciplinary and interdependent theme, connecting authors, methods, and specific approaches that intersect in real-world applications and practical implementation. Results and Discussion: We can infer that the relationship between the associated themes and sub-themes is a clear example of the need to reflect on broader and transdisciplinary issues, assuming the positions and opinions of those who engage with, reflect upon, and draw conclusions from the ongoing research. Research Implications: On a theoretical level, we observe that the interdisciplinary, dialogic relationship between the arts and literature fields is evident and capable of regular, ongoing deepening. As for objective and future implications, we believe this theme can be further developed and explored, focusing on other aspects and sub-themes that could also be included in the general theme (music and language). In this case, the investigation focused solely on the reflection between the central theme and the derived concepts from the conceptual realm of the relationship between literary and artistic studies. Originality/Value: This research is original as it triangulates information, concepts, and approaches from authors who had not yet been related in these models and formats, nor with this associated methodological approach. The limitations concerning inclusion and exclusion criteria, on the other hand, are an added value, as they allow for the gathering and reflection on exemplary authors and approaches within a universe and sample chosen based on the theme and the narrative structure of the literature review.

The roles of teachers in the process of inclusion of students with SEN in mass education classes

In this article, the roles of the teaching staff in mass education institutions, from the primary level, to facilitate the process of inclusion of students with special educational needs are addressed. These roles are analyzed both individually and from the perspective of the classroom teacher’s teamwork with other specialists involved in the inclusion process of students with special educational needs, but also in partnership with their families. Conceptual aspects are presented regarding the roles of the teaching staff in an inclusive context, to ensure a quality education, adapted and individualized, in relation to the needs, type and degree of disability, psycho-individual and cognitive characteristics of students with special educational needs, taking account of the discrepancy between chronological and mental age, which requires inclusion in mainstream education classes, being schooled alongside typical students, as well as concrete examples from their own scientific research.

Dictatorship, Health and Propaganda: The National Immunization Program (PNI) and the media campaign for compulsory vaccination

This article analyzes the films produced and broadcast between 1976 and 1978 by the National Agency and the Public Relations Office (ARP) for the campaign to publicize the mandatory vaccination that was instituted by the National Immunization Plan (PNI), created in 1975 and regulated by Decree No. 78,231 of August 12, 1976. The objective is to understand the narrative constructed through images and speeches aimed at convincing the population to make vaccination a culturally accepted practice. To achieve this, we examine the legislation on the subject during the period under analysis, namely the civil-military dictatorship. The dictatorial regime is approached based on the conceptual aspects that guide the analysis of the appropriation of health campaigns as propaganda and investments in a private and curative health model. We can therefore conclude that the initiative to create the PNI is a hiatus in this process of privatizing health, since it is not an action guided by the dictatorship's responsibility for the health of the population, but an action that involved the management of multiple actors in the health field, and which was embraced by the regime because it was a process directly linked to interests connected to the country's conservative modernization project.

Study of Cultural and National Specifics of Russian and Kazakh Phraseological Phrases in University Language Classes

The article is devoted to the study of Russian and Kazakh phraseological units, which are products of linguistic folk consciousness as the materialization of the experience of generations and individual representatives of the ethnic group. It is revealed that the phraseological fund of a language records and reflects the social and cultural experience of a particular community, and is reflected both in the universal, common to all humanity, and in the unique, national-cultural picture of the world. The conceptual and phraseological aspect of the study of stable phrases through the national cultural code is highlighted in the light of modern linguocultural research, and a comparative description of phraseological units of the Kazakh and Russian languages is provided. The expediency of conducting experimental studies (questionnaires) is substantiated to reveal the degree of assimilation of phraseological units by recipients and the effectiveness of their use in speech. An educational longread has been created as a tool for digital linguodidactics in the study of Russian and Kazakh phraseological units, effective methods for introducing phraseological units into speech have been selected. The materials presented in the article can contribute to the construction of a productive intercultural dialogue, in which it is important not only to understand the language of another people, but also to master the cultural values of this people, perceive their national specifics, and assimilate those components that make up the national cultural code of the picture of the world under study.

Conceptual Aspect of Measuring the Efficiency of Cargo Unmanned Aerial System

This article examines the conceptual framework for measuring the efficiency of unmanned systems, focusing on a task-oriented and problem-solving approach to evaluating the performance of cargo unmanned aerial vehicles. The efficiency of cargo unmanned aerial vehicles pertains to their ability to complete missions on time and cost-effectively, while maximizing utilization, minimizing resource loss, and maintaining an acceptable level of flight safety. It is important to highlight that the efficiency of cargo unmanned aerial vehicles is multifaceted, encompassing technical, operational, economic, environmental, and regulatory dimensions. Progress in each of these areas contributes to the successful deployment and optimization of cargo drones across various applications, from last-mile deliveries to supply chain operations in remote regions. The article presents two methodologies for assessing the efficiency of cargo drones.

Intelligence: Natural, artificial, or what?

We consider the competing attributes of natural intelligence (NI) and artificial intelligence (AI). Attention is paid to conceptual, theoretical, stylistic and structural aspects of both, and non-human intelligence. Intelligence is related to information processing and current views of physical structuring. Means of distinguishing between NI and AI are noted, and neural and digital structures are described. Pribram's bi-computational neural networks are introduced, and high-level Pribram computation is discussed. We describe the hierarchical Aquarium scheme, along with an AI implementation, and conclude with a proposition for future quantum-based artificial intelligence.

The covid-19 pandemic and its effect on maternal health indicators in Latin American countries

Introduction: Maternal mortality constitutes one of the most important indicators of public health, and also reflects the response capacity of health systems to the healths needs of one of the most vulnerable groups, such a pregnant women. Objective: Conduct a bibliographic review of the maternal mortality indicators used by health management teams, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American countries. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out by searching for scientific articles related to the topic. In addition, information was collected from epidemiological bulletins updated as of the review date. The PEO question was used (Population: pregnant women. Exposure: before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Result: maternal mortality in the context before and during the pandemic): What are the maternal mortality indicators before and during the COVID-19 pandemic? The search sources were PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar. The key words were: "Maternal mortality" "Morbidity and mortality indicators" "COVID-19". Articles published from January 1, 2021 to May 30, 2023 were selected. Results: Of the 5670 articles found, 5654 articles were discarded because they did not meet our criteria for keyword combinations in the title or abstract. Of the 16 articles selected, 12 had research results. Of the total number of articles, there were 4 prospective articles and 8 retrospecitve articles, 4 were considered for conceptual theoretical aspects that are related to the objective of the study. Conclusion: an increase in the maternal mortality ratio was evident in the pre-pandemic period and during the pandemic compared to the figures from previous years, this was associated with the presence of comorbidities and maternal risk factors as well as the limited supply of health services, lack of intra-and extramural organization.

Analysis of the efficiency of a Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant linked to the electrical grid

The growing need for energy in emerging nations gives rise to apprehensions over energy security, so underscoring the criticality of harnessing the potential of renewable resources. Empirical evidence has demonstrated that photovoltaic systems integrated into the network are the optimal options for large-scale renewable energy. The analysis of the performance of these network-connected centrals can enhance the design, operation, and maintenance of new systems. The commissioning of a 12 MW photovoltaic solar power plant in Sidi Bel Abbès, located in the Dhaya region, has established it as one of the largest solar power plants in Algeria. The site yields a mean solar radiation of 5.21 kilowatt-hours per square metre per day and an average yearly temperature of 18.9 degrees Celsius. The present work provides an analysis of the yearly performance and conceptual aspects of the photovoltaic central unit. We compare the performance outcomes of the power plant with the simulated values generated by the SolarGis PvPlanner program. Analysis of real-world performance in relation to simulations allows for the detection of inconsistencies and the enhancement of future initiatives. SolarGis PvPlanner is an essential modelling program for accurately forecasting performance and effectively strategising solar projects, therefore guaranteeing sustainable and dependable energy for the future.

Conceptual Aspects of Accounting Transformation in the Context of the Imperatives of Sustainable Development

In the modern world, the tendency to increase the importance of the principles of sustainable development is becoming more and more stable. The growing public awareness of the need to achieve sustainable development goals causes increased pressure on businesses to disclose information about their impact on society and the environment. This circumstance increases the need for companies to be accountable and expand their accounting and analytical work. This contributes to the objective expansion of the tasks of the information and analytical support systems in companies, including the accounting system. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the increasing need for general accountability on the development of accounting systems, thus emphasizing the need to take into account the sustainable development of the company. This study considers accountability as one of the most important tasks of transparent business functioning as well as a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development goals. The article proves the thesis that accounting methods should be developed to form, summarize, and analyze information about initiatives, processes, and the use of resources to increase the sustainability of the company’s development and to meet the requirements of key stakeholder groups, including in the direction of the impact of business decisions on society and the environment.