Concept Of Emotional Labour Research Articles

Women as Emotional Entities in the Hospitality Sector of Mauritius. A Case Study

AbstractEmotions and feelings have always been part of human beings. Its use in the organisational context in order to achieve competitive advantage, that is, the management of emotions by female workers remains a matter of great debate. Hochschild through her book “The Managed Heart: Commercialisation of Human Feeling” in 1983 brought forward the concept of Emotional labour. This paper has attempted to explore areas where female workers are being employed to carry out emotional work and for this purpose a hotel in the eastern cost of Mauritius was chosen being part of the hospitality industry. The survey was conducted there so as to be able to gather quantitative information about this subject issue and a personal interview was also being carried out in order to obtain the opinions of the human resource manager on this concept as being a woman and a manager herself. A series of recommendations have been provided in order to encourage better treatment of women and make them happy employees.

A sociocultural study on emotionality and Cognition as features of teacher knowledge and Practice

Although acknowledged, emotions have been consistently bracketed out of research on teacher training (Goodson, 1992; Day, 1993; Cochran-Smith and Lytle, 1999), and sociocultural approaches (Lave and Wenger, 1991; Lave and Chaiklin, 1993; Salomon, 1993). Emotions have been considered as independent of social practices, reducing them to a subjective perspective (Hargreaves, 2000, 2002a, 2002b). However, emotions have recently been studied in sociology (Williams and Bendelow, 1998), particularly through the concept of emotional labour (Hochschild, 1983). These perspectives emphasize the social construction of emotionality, but they leave the complexities of individual participation in the context aside. By contrast, through the construction of an immanent, non-Cartesian, psychology derived from Vygotsky’s (1999) work, space is created for an account of emotionality in individual teacher practices and its role in teacher knowledge. This ethnographic case study involved an intervention in a Mexican urban secondary school (junior high school). The work was developed with four experienced teachers and it was during the analysis of the video and audio recordings and notes, that emotions within social
 relationships in the classroom were unveiled as an important part of teacher practice and knowledge.

Austerity Policing, Emotional Labour and the Boundaries of Police Work: An Ethnography of a Police Force Control Room in England

This article discusses the changing role of policing in an era of austerity from the perspective of frontline civilian police staff (call handlers and dispatchers) in a force control room (FCR). It draws on a symbolic interactionist framework and the concept of emotional labour (Hochschild 1979; 1983[2012]) in order to explore the emotional responses and strategies engaged in by staff when responding to 101 non-emergency calls and 999 emergency calls. The clash of public and police expectations, and the emotional labour expended when managing this clash, provide a valuable insight into the frontline staff perspective on the changing role of the police under austerity. Data is drawn from ethnographic fieldwork in the control room of a police force in England.

Keeping the heart a long way from the brain: The emotional labour of climate scientists

This paper contributes to increased understanding of emotions and climate change through a study of the emotional management strategies employed by a sample of Australian climate scientists. We bring three broad areas of literature into conversation in order to think more productively about climate change and emotion: recent applications of the concept of emotional labour, studies of the role of emotion in science, and feminist perspectives on the performative role of emotions. In response to contextual drivers that include the social norms of science, a strong climate denialist influence and the preservation of self and family, these scientists mobilize a range of behaviours and strategies to manage their emotions around climate change and the future. These include emphasizing dispassion, suppressing painful emotions, using humour and switching off from work. Emotional denial or suppression of the consequences of climate change worked to enable the scientists to persevere in their work. This study suggests that painful emotions (anxiety, fear, loss) around climate change need to be acknowledged and discussed.

Emotional labour and aboriginal maternal infant care workers: The invisible load.

The term 'emotional labour' has been used to describe the competing demands on midwives to empathize with clients whilst maintaining a level of professional detachment. Previous research indicates that when individuals experience difficulty managing these emotions, burnout may result. Aboriginal health care workers often have roles with large emotional demands, as they are relied upon heavily to engage clients in care. However, the concept of emotional labour has received little attention in relation to this group. To explore potential sources of emotional labour for Aboriginal Maternal Infant Care workers in a maternity care program for Aboriginal women in South Australia. The program involves these workers providing care for women in partnership with midwives. We employed a phenomenological approach. Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with staff and clients of the program. Recorded interviews were transcribed and coded and emerging themes identified. This workforce undertakes extensive emotional labour. Key sources include the cultural and family obligations they have to clients, complex social needs of many clients, and potential for community backlash when poor perinatal outcomes occur. A lack of respect for the role within the workplace further contributes to these experiences. This study found that the responsibilities inherent to the role as both cultural broker and carer create significant emotional labour for workers. Recommendations to address this and enhance the sustainability of this workforce include: recognition and valuing of emotional work by management and other staff, enhancing cultural awareness training, and building stress-relieving activities into the workplace.

Jobbiga känslor på jobbet

This article is based on a research project carried out at a theatre for children and youth. The project focus was interactive children’s theatre, a format that allows the audience to interact with the actors in improvised stage art. This format is highly interesting from an artistic point of view: it gives the young audience opportunities to influence the theatrical flow and to experience a mixture of fiction and reality, thus enabling audience members to reflect over issues and ideas through acting and participation. However, from the actors’ point of view improvised interaction with different young subjects also entails unpredictability, and with this comes emotional stress. The children’s individual reactions on the theatrical situation varied from sheer happiness, to a lack of interest, and even to violence and self-destructive behaviour. This range of unpredictable reactions, and the responsibility that comes with interacting with children, caused the actors stress. This article accounts for a method designed by the actors in cooperation with the in-house researcher to help the actors cope with and understand the various encounters with their young audience. Methodologically, the article is based on feminist participatory action research. Theoretically, the article draws on the concept of emotional labour as presented by Arlie Hochschild in her groundbreaking work The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (1983/2003). Emotional labour was also the starting point for developing the method accounted for in the article.

감정노동 개념의 이론적 고찰

The purpose of this study is to conduct theoretical investigations on the concepts of emotional labor, which is one of the variables that attract a lot of attentions recently. There have been insufficient studies in providing conceptual summaries on emotional labor and theoretical grounds compared to the frequency of its uses. Many studies revealed that the concept of emotional labor has been developed based on the concept introduced by Hochschild(1983). However, few empirical studies have been done based on sex role theory, social identity theory, and self-determination theory which can explain emotional labor. This study intends to identify the connection between the concept of emotional labor and related theories, and suggest what kind of research should be implemented in the studies of emotional labor.

Stuck in the middle: The emotional labours of case managers in the personal injury compensation system.

Case managers within injury compensation systems are confronted with various emotional demands. Employing the concept of emotional labour, this paper explores distinctive aspects of these demands. The findings are drawn from focus groups with 21 Australian case managers. Case managers work was characterised by extra-role commitments, emotional control, stress and balancing tensions arising from differing stakeholder expectations about outcomes related to compensation and return to work. By examining the experiences of case managers, the findings add to the literature on the emotional labour of front line service workers, especially with respect to the demands involved in managing the conflicting demands of work.

Emotional labor in academe. Challenges faced

Interest in the study of emotions have always been present. Academic jobs are susceptible to multiple demands from various stakeholders. This paper presents the occasion to question whether academics are emotional laborers? The concept of emotional labor have been heavily investigated and researched in the customer service domain. Notably, emotional labor in higher education institutions is a relatively understudied research area. A theoretical framework of emotional labor is presented. It is essential to understand the demands that emotional labor places on academics and its impact on higher education institutions. Subsequently, the paper explores emotional labor among academic staff in higher education institutions, namely, the university system. The consequences and challenges of emotional labor are further evaluated. The paper is a meta-analysis and qualitative in nature. The study uses secondary data and reviews various literature on emotional labor, teaching and higher education institutions, and presents a conceptual paper. It considers the evaluation of academics in higher education institutions as emotional laborers. Literature was further probed to investigate academics as emotional laborers. Subsequently, the consequences and challenges were discussed. The paper further suggests that higher education intuitions need to be cognisant of the demands that emotional labor places on academic staff and the impact on their well-being. It is essential that the quality of work life of academics within higher education are addressed, as such studies are long overdue and under researched. Keywords: emotional labor, emotions, academics, university, teaching, higher education institution. JEL Classification: I23

Emotion instruction in journalism courses: an analysis of introductory news writing textbooks

ABSTRACTThis study explores how introductory news writing textbooks address issues surrounding emotional labor and its consequences, both for journalists and for those they interview. Eighteen of the highest-selling introductory news-writing textbooks were selected for qualitative analysis. Results showed the term and concept of emotional labor—the requirement to suppress, fake, or enhance emotions during professional interaction with others—is addressed neither explicitly nor substantively in these texts. While there are directives for journalists to manipulate their own emotions in order to be successful in their trade, there is little if any clear instruction on how this may be done. There is little acknowledgement of the emotional toll that engaging in the journalism profession can have, or discussion of the resources available to journalists to help manage emotional trauma. Results of this analysis suggest that textbooks need to enhance content in this important area.

Emotional Labor in Critical Ethnographic Work

In this article, the concept of emotional labor is used to capture dilemmas of critical ethnographic research. We frame our experiences not simply as “confessional tales,” or personalized accounts of how researchers experience their fieldwork, but as part of critical methodology itself. We identify three strategies for transforming our emotional labor into an analytic tool: contextualizing emotions, using emotions to unmask power in the research process, and linking emotions to personal biographies. Following ethnographers who question the separation between data and analysis, we explore how emotions and power intersected in two key ethnographic “moments”: collecting data and writing the research narrative.

Does emotional labour affect occupational commitment a study on academicians

The main purpose of our study is to descibe the relationship between emotional labor behaviors and the occupational commitment of academicians. The concept of emotional labor on which researchers often emphasized in recent years, is important for a sector where employees is in close and intense relationship with their co-workers. It discussed the three dimensions of emotional labor in this study; surface, deep and sincere behaviors. The occupational commitment that is a psychological bond between the individual and the occupation were analyzed under three dimensions, including affective, normative and emotional commitment. Within the scope of the research, from 273 academicians who worked at five state universities in Turkey collected data through the online survey method was analyzed using SPSS 18 software. According to research results, while there is a negative relationship between surface behaviour that is dimensin of emotional labour and affective commitment, it has been found to have a positive relationship between surface behaviour and normative and continuance commitment. The dimension of the deep behavior was in a meaningful relationship with normative commitment. A relationship in a positive direction has been determined between sincere behaviour and affective commitment.

Determining the relationship between emotional labour and occupational

The main purpose of our study is to descibe the relationship between emotional labor behaviors and the occupational commitment of academicians. The concept of emotional labor on which researchers often emphasized in recent years, is important for a sector where employees is in close and intense relationship with their co-workers. It discussed the three dimensions of emotional labor in this study; surface, deep and sincere behaviors (Oral ve Kose, 2011: 472). The occupational commitment that is a psychological bond between the individual and the occupation were analyzed under three dimensions, including affective, normative and emotional commitment. Within the scope of the research, from 273 academicians who worked at five state universities in Turkey collected data through the online survey method was analyzed using SPSS 18 software. According to research results, while there is a negative relationship between surface behaviour that is dimensin of emotional labour and affective commitment, it has been found to have a positive relationship between surface behaviour and normative and continuance commitment. The dimension of the deep behavior was in a meaningful relationship with normative commitment. A relationship in a positive direction has been determined between sincere behaviour and affective commitment

Rolling with the Punches: Why It Is Ethical to Practise ‘Death Knocks’

With journalism ethics increasingly coming under scrutiny, it can seem incongruous that editors continue to expect novice journalists to carry out ‘death knock’ stories, where they are expected to interview the victim’s next of kin to find out more about the person. Journalism students are seldom trained in how to deal with these sensitive interviews, instead, most practise on the public. Simple role-play exercises at Auckland University of Technology—using professional actors—highlight the significance of students ‘winging’ it. The lack of training for challenging but routine duties including death knocks can lead to emotional exhaustion, burn out and a greater chance of victims being retraumatized. This article focuses on the concept of emotional labour (Hochschild, 1983, The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press) and how it can affect journalists. According to Hochschild, emotional labour refers to the process by which people are expected to manage their feelings in accordance with work-defined rules and guidelines. In other words, this term describes the strategies that people adopt and that go beyond physical or mental duties. It is increasingly important that educators consider emotional labour, not only for the sake of graduates who will cover traumatic events but also for the reputation of journalism as a profession.

TRABALHO EMOCIONAL E TRABALHO SECRETARIAL: CONTEXTOS E DESAFIOS

Work rules are constantly changing (Goleman, 1998) and today workers need not only the experience and knowledge they have, but also people skills. Hochschild (2003) states that the emotional state of an employee is a significant part of all the accomplished service and that the companies started demanding expressions of emotion accordin to customer's demand. The concept of Emotional Labour (EL) enlightens the notion of how an occupation is experienced by the workers and how workers are managing their emotions in order to meet organisational and occupational needs. For Morris and Feldman (1996), the emotion is a resource available to the organisation and, because of that, has to be studied with emphasis in the business sector. In this research, the empirical focus is on the Executive Secretary, that according to Castro, Lopes and Sena (2008) the profile follows the changes and the expectations, demanding a flexible and pro-active attitude. Bearing that discussion in mind, this study main objective is to analyse EL and secretarial work. This qualitative study presents an empirical contribution as it was based on four in-depth interviews carried out with secretaries who work in a federal university in Brazil. The results indicated that the secretaries perform a lot of EL. Due to their labour interactive and multi-task nature, the effects of the organisational changes as well as the adaptation to new demands within the employment environment, the secretaries performs tasks that go beyond their employment requirements.

Centering power, positionality, and emotional labor in a Master of Social Work research course: Perspectives from a student and instructor

This paper presents a case study of a student and instructor’s experience in a foundational research course in a Master of Social Work (MSW) program at a major university. As part of this course, students are asked to design and implement an original, practice-informed research project. One student had a particularly complex, affective response to her research project. In response to the student’s experience in the course, the instructor reconceptualized the major course assignment, drawing from the feminist concept of emotional labor, so that it would be responsive and relevant to the student’s learning. This instance of educational individualization allowed the student to take inventory of and critically reflect on her enhanced awareness of self, positionality, and power structures personally, professionally, and as a researcher, through an autoethnographic narrative and critical analysis. A central finding of this case study is that attention to the emotional labor of research opens up space for ways of knowing and learning beyond positivist, inflexible, and narrowly imagined competency-based paradigms. Moreover, this case study demonstrates the possibilities of qualitative research in accessing and exploring the affective research experience. Finally, this paper argues that emotional labor is a critical aspect of learning, teaching, and practicing research that ought to be fully considered and addressed across all approaches to inquiry, particularly those concerned with social justice. Recommendations for conceptualizing and teaching social work research courses are offered, including those related to course structure, curricular sequencing and the integration of content on epistemology and emotional labor.

Emotional Labour and Bank Employees Dissatisfaction: An Overlooked Perspective in Public Sector Banks

Emotional labour is the management of feelings to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display. Put differently, it is an expression of required emotions by the employees (emotions that comply with the organisational display rules) during their interpersonal transactions at work. The existing literature confirms the effects (positive/ negative) of emotional labour on professional outcomes of the individuals that is job satisfaction. A bank employee, like other service-delivery professionals, exercises physical, mental and emotional labour. The present study acknowledges the concept of emotional labour in relation to banking industry in general and bank employees, in particular, as they contribute significantly to the economic development of India. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the association between different strategies of emotional labour and job-satisfaction level of public-sector bank employees (200), as the researcher could not ascertain the same in the consulted literature. The findings drawn through correlation, regression and descriptive statistics show that surface acting and emotional suppression, and emotional consonance turned out to be the main influencers of job satisfaction. The study contributes an understanding towards emotional labour as one of the requisites (R2 67.5%) to attain job satisfaction with specific reference to employees serving the Indian banking industry (public-sector banks). This study shall be completed in three phases starting with the employees of public sector banks, followed by private sector banks, and foreign banks. However, the present paper focuses mainly on the employees of public sector banks. The paper concludes with findings, suggestions and implications along with a suggestive framework.

A queer politics of emotion: reimagining sexualities and schooling

This paper draws together [Hochschild's (1979) Emotion Work, Feeling Rules and Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 85: 551–575; (1983) The Managed Heart: Commercialisation of Human Feeling. London: University of California Press] concepts of emotional labour and feeling rules with Ahmed's affective economies [(2004a) The Cultural Politics of Emotion. New York: Routledge; (2004b) “Affective Economies.” Social Text 22 (2): 117–139; (2008) “Sociable Happiness.” Emotion, Space and Society 1: 10–13; (2010) The Promise of Happiness. Durham: Duke University Press] and queer phenomenology [(2006a) Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. London: Duke University Press; (2006b) “Orientations: Towards a Queer Phenomenology.” GLQ: A Journal of Gay and Lesbian Studies 12 (4): 543–574] as a way to address wider questions about sexuality and schooling. It highlights the value of the everyday politics of emotion for elucidating and clarifying the specificities, pertinence and complementarities of Hochschild's and Ahmed's work for reimagining the relationship between sexualities and schooling. The combination of their approaches allows for a focus on the individual, bodily management of emotions while demonstrating the connectedness of bodies and spaces. It enables disruption of ‘inclusive’ and ‘progressive’ educational approaches that leave heterosexuality uninterrupted and provides insight into how power works in and across the bodies, discourses, practices, relations and spaces of schools to maintain a collective orientation towards heterosexuality. It also counters linear narratives of progressive change, elucidating how change is a hopeful but messy process of simultaneous constraint, transgression and transformation. Key moments from a three-year study with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBT-Q) teachers entering into civil partnerships in Ireland serve as exploratory examples of the theoretical ideas put forward in this paper.

Emotional labour under public management reform: an exploratory study of school teachers in England

This study uses the concept of emotional labour to illuminate areas of pressure and strain for teachers in English primary and secondary schools. It explores the impact of aspects of new public management reform on the nature and differences in the emotional labour experienced by teachers. The aim of this research was to help us understand the difficulties and tensions that this group of public sector professionals may be experiencing in the current environment. This research investigates the emotional side of teaching as a source of both job satisfaction and stress, in a performance-driven education sector. Findings show that the emotional labour presented differs in terms of its source, severity and impact on educational and personal goals and also that prescriptive and bureaucratically driven teaching frustrates teachers. The study contributes to the growing literature on emotional labour distinctive to public institutions. Theoretical and practical implications for recruitment, selection and training are discussed concluding with a research agenda.

Participatory planning and children's emotional labor in the production of urban nature

Children have increasingly been called upon to participate in the planning of their communities, especially in projects associated with urban nature and outdoor play spaces. Building upon the concept of emotional labor, we critically explore how children become enrolled in such initiatives. Specifically, we focus on the emotional geographies underlining children's participation, including the emotions children exhibit invest, experience and produce in these projects, as well as the ways these emotions are regulated, framed and used by urban managers and policy-makers in participatory planning activities. Our theoretical framework intersects research on emotional labor with recent geographic literature on children, urban governance, and emotions. We explore the idea of children's and young people's emotional labor through an analysis of a collaborative effort between local nonprofits, government agencies, youth organizations and research institutions aimed at addressing the lack of public green space in a disenfranchised urban community in California. The empirical evidence is drawn from a research project in which we engaged a group of 9–11 year old children in a variety of planning activities involving participatory mapping, use of visual media, and focus groups.