Concept Of Action Research Articles

Direct Action: The Invention of a Transnational Concept

Abstract“Direct action” emerged as a central concept in labour-movement politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article traces and explains that process of invention. In doing so, it seeks to settle three currently unresolved historical problems: the problem of the meaning of direct action; the problem of its relative novelty; and the problem of its relationship to nation. The article draws upon pamphlets and newspapers published on four continents in English, French, Spanish, and German. It argues that the concept of direct action was used in several analytically distinguishable ways: categorical; performative; and strategic. While aspects of direct action were evident in many nations over several decades, French activists played a decisive and catalytic role in the development of the concept. They welded the categorical, performative, and strategic together. They assembled key performances into an agreed repertoire. And they underlined the revolutionary significance of this combination. This new assemblage was then widely taken up across the global labour movement.

Artifacts and fields of action

The aim of this paper is to defend a theory of artifacts based on the concept of field of action, as an alternative to functional, intentional and double-nature theories. The proposed theory is realistic about the existence of entities that are artifacts, and praxiological about the nature of such entities. The basis of the theory is the concept of action; from this concept, the concepts of field of action and participants in a field of action, namely, agents and objects, are introduced. An artifact is defined as an object that has a part and role in the achievement of an action.

Integration of event experiences to build relational knowledge in the human brain.

We investigated how the human brain integrates experiences of specific events to build general knowledge about typical event structure. We examined an episodic memory area important for temporal relations, anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex, and a semantic memory area important for action concepts, middle temporal gyrus, to understand how and when these areas contribute to these processes. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while learning and recalling temporal relations among novel events over two sessions 1 week apart. Across distinct contexts, individual temporal relations among events could either be consistent or inconsistent with each other. Within each context, during the recall phase, we measured associative coding as the difference of multivoxel correlations among related vs unrelated pairs of events. Neural regions that form integrative representations should exhibit stronger associative coding in the consistent than the inconsistent contexts. We found evidence of integrative representations that emerged quickly in anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex (at session 1), and only subsequently in middle temporal gyrus, which showed a significant change across sessions. A complementary pattern of findings was seen with signatures during learning. This suggests that integrative representations are established early in anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex and may be a pathway to the later emergence of semantic knowledge in middle temporal gyrus.

Experientially-grounded and distributional semantic vectors uncover dissociable representations of conceptual categories

ABSTRACT Neuronal populations code similar concepts by similar activity patterns across the human brain's semantic networks. However, it is unclear to what extent such meaning-to-symbol mapping reflects distributional statistics, or experiential information grounded in sensorimotor and emotional knowledge. We asked whether integrating distributional and experiential data better distinguished conceptual categories than each method taken separately. We examined the similarity structure of fMRI patterns elicited by visually presented action- and object-related words using representational similarity analysis (RSA). We found that the distributional and experiential/integrative models respectively mapped the high-dimensional semantic space in left inferior frontal, anterior temporal, and in left precentral, posterior inferior/middle temporal cortex. Furthermore, results from model comparisons uncovered category-specific similarity patterns, as both distributional and experiential models matched the similarity patterns for action concepts in left fronto-temporal cortex, whilst the experiential/integrative (but not distributional) models matched the similarity patterns for object concepts in left fusiform and angular gyrus.

On the action of a fuzzy group on a fuzzy set

In this paper, we develop fundamental concepts required to extend the concept of group action on a set to fuzzy domain. We define product of a fuzzy set and a fuzzy group by using the idea of cartesian products of sets. We construct examples to demonstrate the defined concepts. We also discuss properties of the defined product of a fuzzy set and a fuzzy group as requisite to study of fuzzy group actions on fuzzy sets. Mathematics Subject Classification (2020). 08A99, 08C05, 22F05

The Ontological Grounding of Hannah Arendt’s Political Ethics

ABSTRACT This paper examines Hannah Arendt’s account of the relationship between politics and morality. Many critics have argued that Arendt’s conception of political action lacks any moral foundations, while others have tried to focus on her understanding of thinking as a normative source of her ethics. In contrast to these views, I present an alternative explanation and argue that the sources of Arendt’s political ethics are located neither in the faculty of thinking nor in extrapolitical moral norms or rules, but in the ontological conditions of action, specifically worldliness, natality and plurality. This interpretation allows us to make sense of Arendt’s fragmented, unsystematic accounts of the various virtues and moral dispositions required for authentic politics: courage, responsibility, care, respect, moderation, solidarity and gratitude. In particular, an inquiry into the ontological sources of political ethics provides a solid normative grounding for the two moral dispositions—promise and forgiveness—that form an explicit “moral code” of political action for Arendt.

Canvas LMS Course Design: Create and Deliver Interactive Online Course on the Canvas Learning Management System : A Book Review

As online education continues to grow in popularity, instructors are increasingly seeking ways to design effective and engaging online courses. "Canvas LMS Course Design: Create and deliver interactive online courses on the Canvas learning management system, 2nd Edition" by Ryan John is a comprehensive guide to designing online courses using the Canvas learning management system (LMS). The book is an excellent resource for instructors at all levels of experience, providing practical advice and examples to help them design engaging and effective courses that meet the needs of their students. The book focuses on the practical aspects of course design. John provides clear and concise guidance on topics such as multimedia integration, assessment strategies, and student engagement, and provides numerous examples and case studies to illustrate these concepts in action.

Countering Discourses of Derision: Moving towards Action in Teacher Education in the USA and Sweden

This article is about how negative discourses of teacher education position teacher educators and how they might influence or inspire action. We use self-study methods to investigate the political dimension of teacher education in two national contexts: Sweden and the USA. More specifically, we examine the emotions stirred by the positioning related to being a teacher educator and how those emotions can be used to take a line to and resist boundaries that limit us within the profession in the two contexts. We aim to contribute to the self-study field by emphasizing a political dimension, in addition to the personal and professional dimensions of teacher education more often studied by scholars. Using the concepts of positionality, emotions, liminality, and action, we conclude that the liminal spaces offered us time to think about the emotions we have experienced due to the derisive discourses that position us in negative ways as teacher educators, and with that thinking came opportunities to reflect on our identity as teacher educators and what we look to accomplish as teacher educators. A new understanding of liminality as a space of possibility has boosted us to take action. An important conclusion is that emotional labor can be a hindrance in relation to teacher educator action, while emotions can act as clues for opportunities of growth and action. Telling our stories opened space for us to use our emotions to take a line to and resist the derogatory discourse, engage in the political, and move closer to becoming teacher educator activists.

Analysis of Merariq Kodeq Tradition Practiced by Sasak Indigenous People in Lombok Based on Max Weber and Georg Simmel's Theory

Sasak ethnic group still maintains the ancient tradition of abducted marriage or called Merariq, in which women are hidden in the homes of male relatives with the approval of traditional institutions. The tradition called 'merariq' initially required the consent of both parties and was only conducted under the strict supervision of traditional elders. The study aims to analyze Merariq Kodeq tradition practiced by Sasak indigenous people in Lombok from the point of view of max weber and georg simmel's theory. The study used a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The concept of social action initiated by Weber represents traditional Merariq tradition of Sasak indigenous people in Lombok. Compared to other sociologists, Weber's ideas are comprehensive.

System based on autonomous aerial and maritime surface vehicles to identify sea mines and support the intervention team in the neutralization mission

As naval forces continue to be increasingly present in today's operational environment, European maritime forces are poised to successfully exploit autonomous mine countermeasures (MCM) technology, not only to save manpower but also to increase operational efficiency. Successfully detecting and removing mines from the maritime environment (especially drifting mines, which have re-emerged in the spotlight following the outbreak of war in Ukraine in February 2022) remains a key requirement for maritime forces trying to maintain the security of waterways and oceans around the world. The overall objective of the project, which is the subject of this paper, is to develop and integrate autonomous means (UAVs and USVs) into the concept of action of specialized forces for the search and identification of sea mines. As a starting point in the definition of the overall objective, it has been taken into account that the intervention of specialized forces to neutralize explosive devices involves a series of complex actions, including search, detection, identification, location-based assessment, safe destruction/neutralization, recovery, and destruction of improvised explosive devices or munitions.

Glutamate–Transporter Unbinding in Probabilistic Synaptic Environment Facilitates Activation of Distant NMDA Receptors

Once outside the synaptic cleft, the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is rapidly bound by its high-affinity transporters, which are expressed in abundance on the surface of perisynaptic astroglia. While this binding and the subsequent uptake of glutamate constrain excitatory transmission mainly within individual synapses, there is growing evidence for the physiologically important extrasynaptic actions of glutamate. However, the mechanistic explanation and the scope of such actions remain obscure. Furthermore, a significant proportion of glutamate molecules initially bound by transporters could be released back into the extracellular space before being translocated into astrocytes. To understand the implications of such effects, we simulated the release, diffusion, and transporter and receptor interactions of glutamate molecules in the synaptic environment. The latter was represented via trial-by-trial stochastic generation of astroglial and neuronal elements in the brain neuropil (overlapping spheroids of varied sizes), rather than using the ‘average’ morphology, thus reflecting the probabilistic nature of neuropil architectonics. Our simulations predict significant activation of high-affinity receptors, such as receptors of the NMDA type, at distances beyond half-micron from the glutamate release site, with glutamate–transporter unbinding playing an important role. These theoretical predictions are consistent with recent glutamate imaging data, thus lending support to the concept of significant volume-transmitted actions of glutamate in the brain.

Deriving an Electric Wave Equation from Weber’s Electrodynamics

Weber’s electrodynamics presents an alternative theory to the widely accepted Maxwell–Lorentz electromagnetism. It is founded on the concept of direct action between particles, and has recently gained some momentum through theoretical and experimental advancements. However, a major criticism remains: the lack of a comprehensive electromagnetic wave equation for free space. Our motivation in this research article is to address this criticism, in some measure, by deriving an electric wave equation from Weber’s electrodynamics based on the axiom of vacuum polarization. Although this assumption has limited experimental evidence and its validity remains a topic of debate among researchers, it has been shown to be useful in the calculation of various quantum mechanical phenomena. Based on this concept, and beginning with Weber’s force, we derive an expression which resembles the familiar electric field wave equation derived from Maxwell’s equations.

Social Embeddedness Among Furniture Entrepreneurs In Kalijambe District Of Sragen – Central Java

The concept of economic action is socially situated and embedded in all layers of actors by forming a network. Furniture business in Pilangsari Hamlet, Kalijambe Subdistrict, Sragen Regency has a main actor, namely the entrepreneur himself, and is supported by various parties in it so that it forms an embeddedness. The purpose of this research is to see the existence of the furniture business in Pilangsari Hamlet and analyze the embeddedness of furniture entrepreneurs in shaping their business and positioning their roles by looking at the relationships that exist in all the actors in it. The researcher used a qualitative method in understanding the furniture business in Pilangsari Hamlet by using a phenomenological perspective. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observation procedures, and using thematic data analysis techniques to process research data. The results showed that furniture entrepreneurs have strong social embeddedness in starting a business with family, agencies, and the surrounding environment in the motivation to open a business. Relational embeddedness is established between furniture entrepreneurs with two categories of relationships, namely trade and society, which gives rise to a culture of 'nempil' and 'jlok-jlokan'. Structural embeddedness with suppliers is divided into two categories namely local and outside, also with consumers divided into two namely users and collectors. And the added value of furniture entrepreneurs playing a role in all economic positions reinforces that economic action cannot stand alone, but requires strong social embeddedness in every step of the way.

The Standards Will Never Be Enough: A Racial Justice Extension

ABSTRACT Since 1952, the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing has provided criteria for developing and evaluating educational and psychological tests and testing practice. Yet, we argue that the foundations, operations, and applications in the Standards are no longer sufficient to meet the current U.S. testing demands for fairness for all test takers. We propose racial justice extensions as principled ways to extend the Standards, through intentional actions focused on race and targeted at educational policies, processes, and outcomes in specific settings. To inform these extensions, we focus on four social-justice concepts: intersectionality derived from Black Feminist Theory; responsibility derived from moral philosophy; disparate impact derived from legal reasoning; and situatedness derived from social learning theories. We demonstrate these extensions and concepts in action by applying them to case studies of nursing licensure and placement testing.

Politično delovanje Slovencev na Tržaškem, Goriškem in Videmskem po podpisu Pariške mirovne pogodbe leta 1947

For Slovenians, who became a national minority in Italy, the new border demarcation resulting from the Paris Peace Treaty in 1947 opened a new chapter of political engagement, with the formation of new political parties with clear ideological and national profiles. There were significant differences in the political field among Slovenians who lived in the provinces of Trieste, Gorizia and Udine, stemming from different historical, social as well as national contexts. Ideological differentiation was also prominent in 1947, further “enriched” in 1948 by the dispute between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union following the Cominform resolution. Ever since the pre-war times, a dividing line had been based on two concepts of political action: independent Slovenian political engagement on the one hand and integration into Italian parties on the other.

Carnal concepts in action: The diagonal sociology of Loïc Wacquant

Written in the form of a dialogue with Brussels sociologist Dieter Vandebroeck, this article retraces the social and intellectual trajectory of Loïc Wacquant as stepping stone to reviewing and discussing the major concepts coined and theoretical propositions elaborated in the course of his research on comparative urban marginality, racial domination, the ghetto, the penal state, neoliberalism, and carnality. This provides an opportunity to specify the relationships between ethnography, history and theory; the dialectic of domination and resistance; the role of public (dis)honor in social life; the uses of Bourdieu's bureaucratic field; and the social and academic conditions of incubation, diffusion, and death of scholarly myths such as the “underclass.” The article closes on a call to clearly distinguish the rhetorical, metaphorical, and analytical usages of concepts and reaffirms the need for epistemic reflexivity as sine qua non for the articulation of robust scientific problematics.

The Construction of the Thetic Acts by Czesław Znamierowski

Czesław Znamierowski created the concept of thetic acts, which by European standards at the time, was an original theoretical model in legal theory. He based it on the observations that there are suchlike human actions that do not cause effects of physical consequence of the same action e.g. such as making a promise, making a will, a sale or other legal acts. This article compares this concept with a concept based on similar observations i.e. the concept of conventional actions created by Zygmunt Ziembiński and his team. The connection between these concepts is not obvious, even though both were created by the Poznan Centre of Legal Theory. This article will explore the question whether the concept of conventional actions is a development of the concept of thetic acts, or whether it is purely a concept based on similar assumptions that genetically constituting a separate theoretical model.

Adolescent Young Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors Develop Innovative Solutions for Unmet Needs.

Adolescent young adult (AYA) cancer survivors continue to have substantive unmet needs. Literature and insights from a task force of survivors, caregivers, and survivor advocates convened by Servier Pharmaceuticals indicate desires for peer created and provided support. This secondary data analysis of information from the task force identified unmet needs in five domains and solutions explored for four prioritized needs. Ultimately, four actionable solution concepts were selected by the task force for further development. Through their work, many key insights about including survivors in creating solutions and the many approaches for best serving AYAs with cancer were revealed.

The Emerging Concept of Administrative Action in India

The scope of judicial review of administrative action has been the central theme of discussion in administrative law. Initially common law countries including India adopted the doctrine of wednesbury reasonableness to review administrative action. But subsequently under influence of civil law systems and Strasburg jurisprudence the doctrine of proportionality is being gradually accepted as the standard of judicial review by the common law countries. There are two models of proportionality namely the British Model or the state limiting conception of proportionality and the European model or the optimizing concept of proportionality. Of the two the European model is more objective and hence preferred. The Indian Supreme Court accepted the doctrine of proportionality in the year 2000. Yet even today the Indian legal system has not come to terms with the doctrine. There is hardly any case where the doctrine has been practically applied. The need of the hour is to increasingly apply the doctrine of proportionality to review administrative action in India.

Communicative Action As Practiced by Pulo Kambing Garbage Community, East Jakarta Indonesia

Jakarta garbage volume increases every day. Each person produces 2.97 liters of waste per day from totally 1,849 tons in East Jakarta. According to State Minister for the Environment of The Republic of Indonesia Regulation local community is asked to involve in the waste management. This means the process of management can be taken under the communicative action according to local community lifeworld. This article will delve with communicative action as practiced by Pulo Kambing Garbage Community in East Jakarta in three sections: the first section is dealing with Juergen Habermas' concept of communicative action which is based on lifeworld; the second discusses the Pulo Kambing Garbage Community in East Jakarta; the third is dealing with theoretical and practical implications of the communicative action in dealing with the problem of waste management. The article concludes that the key success of reducing waste starts from the household participation. Any garbage community is rooted in such kind of household participation.