Concept Of Leisure Research Articles

A Look at the Concept of Leisure

A Look at the Concept of Leisure

The Training Mode of Leisure Sports Talents under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The cultivation of professional talents in leisure sports in China started late and has a weak foundation. Compared with developed countries in leisure sports, there is still a big gap in terms of curriculum setting and training direction. Urban residents have differences in the choice of leisure sports, leisure purpose, and understanding of leisure concepts due to factors such as age, gender, education, and occupation. This research mainly discusses the training mode of leisure sports talents under the background of rural revitalization strategy. Combined with the research on the leisure sports industry and high-quality development, this paper clarifies the connotation of the high-quality development of the leisure sports industry and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the leisure sports industry. Over time, leisure has become an important symbol of social development and an important field closely related to the quality of life of each person. As a part of rural space, rural sports space is the main material carrier and foundation of rural residents’ leisure sports activities. This paper mainly makes an in-depth investigation and research from two aspects: the status quo of rural leisure sports activities and the talent demand of some leisure sports venues. It makes specific classification standards for the types and specifications of leisure sports professionals required by leisure sports venues. This provides a scientific basis for the cultivation of leisure sports professionals. First, the article analyzes the research background and puts forward the research significance. It analyzes the research status of scholars on the leisure sports industry, high-quality development, and high-quality development of the leisure sports industry. Secondly, this paper clarifies the research content, research methods, and technical route of the research basis for the high-quality development of the leisure sports industry. It conducts conceptual discussions on the leisure sports industry and high-quality development. It adopts the grounded theory to construct a model of factors influencing the high-quality development of the leisure sports industry. It also analyzes its action mechanism from three aspects: the core industry system layer, the industry supporting factors, and the external environment system layer. During the survey, 84.4% of them believed that professionals in leisure sports should have a bachelor’s degree. The quality of rural sports space directly affects the breadth, depth, enthusiasm, and effectiveness of residents’ participation in leisure sports activities. This research is helpful to deepen the urban and rural sports governance and optimize the management system. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the supply quality of rural leisure sports space and propose countermeasures for the integration and layout of rural leisure sports space. The ultimate goal is to build a leisure sports space optimization development model that meets the leisure sports needs of rural residents.

Study on Evaluation of Leisure Diving Tourism Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Method Optimized Bat Algorithm

China’s leisure diving tourism has made gratifying achievements in the past years. It is necessary to evaluate the leisure diving tourism’s development level, and then the disadvantages of the leisure diving tourism can be found and the effective measures can be taken to develop the leisure diving tourism in China. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the bat algorithm is proposed to solve the shortcomings of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, which lacks a theoretical basis and completely depends on experience. Firstly, the basic conception of leisure diving tourism is discussed. Also, the main affecting factors of leisure diving tourism are analyzed. The evaluation model of leisure diving tourism developing level is constructed based on the fuzzy comprehensive method. The weight of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is optimized by the bat algorithm to realize the optimal selection of weight. The fuzzy evaluation matrix is used to construct the judgment matrix to determine the weight of each evaluation index, and the bat algorithm is used to adaptively select the weight of the judgment matrix. Finally, three diving clubs are used as research objects to carry out evaluation analysis The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can effectively obtain the developing level of leisure diving tourism.

Modern Ukrainian Historiography about the Everyday Life of the Early Modern Nobility

The article analyzes the approaches in modern Ukrainian historiography to coverage of the everyday life problems of the early modern nobility. It is emphasized that the study of this problem has been tendentious and superficial for a long time. Attention is paid to the fact that in the 19th century it was due to the perception of the Commonwealth as a state of other nations, in which the Ukrainian nobility lost its identity and gradually assimilated with the Polish one. The 20th-century’s studies of this topic were significantly influenced by the historiography of the Soviet era, both because of the Marxist-Leninist research methodology and the limited communication with Western European scholars. It is pointed out that such interpretations and distancing from the history of the nobility had a negative effect on the study of the life realities of this community, and accordingly on the understanding of the characteristics of Ukrainian early modern times.The works of modern historians dedicated to the everyday life of the nobility are considered. It is established that the greatest contribution to the development of this aspect was made by N. Yakovenko, I. Voronchuk, M. Dovbyshchenko, and N. Starchenko. Emphasis is placed on the active development of the genealogy of the Ukrainian nobility. The assessment of the identity of an early modern nobleman in modern works is considered, which allows observing the multiplicity of his self-perception (awareness of belonging to local groups and a sense of homeland). Basing on the analyzed works of Ukrainian historians, it is proved that the aristocratic everyday life’s conflicts were regulated and controlled by the community itself. The discussion about the number of the nobility and the strategies of a nobleman in the private space, which was determined by one’s family and court, is considered. The opinions of Ukrainian researchers on the problems of religious conversions and the presence of the sacred in the worldview of the nobility are compared.The problems of nobility’s everyday life, which require additional research (history of local aristocratic groups, economic activity of the nobility, the concept of labor and leisure, consumption culture, history of clothing, intellectual needs, etc.), are distinguished.

Commemorative Events and Public Rituals: Redefining Our Leisure Engagement with Violent Death As Healing Practice And/through Social Activism

The article examines the concepts of public grief and social activism in the context of commemorative events, such as candlelight vigils. These candlelight vigils can be viewed as a form of leisure activity as individuals freely chose to attend the event during their free time. Attending such events has the potential to provide therapy to the attendees and contribute towards their well-being, similar to the phenomenon of individuals visiting roadside memorials and locally created shrines following an unexpected and/or violent death. The article focuses on the candlelight vigils held to commemorate high profile murders of women as part of the violence against women focus in Victoria, Australia. These events also provide attendees with the opportunity to engage in social activism, reinforcing that these events provide the opportunity to engage in a blend of both private and public mourning; and may encourage social good via activism, which also may be a form of therapeutic practice for well-being. The article introduces the concept of grief leisure as a way to conceptualize the attendance at public event vigils as a therapeutic practice to help deal with grief.

Modelling the interaction between serious leisure, self-perceived employability, stress, and workplace well-being: empirical insights from graduates in India

PurposeDrawing on a framework of Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), the purpose of this paper is to conceptually develop and empirically validate a moderated mediation model of serious leisure and workplace well-being.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected between December 2020 and March 2021 using an online questionnaire. A total of 225 completed questionnaires were received from employees in India who graduated between 2018 and 2020.FindingsThe authors’ findings indicate that serious leisure is positively associated with workplace well-being and that the relationship is mediated by self-perceived employability. Stress moderates the relationship between serious leisure and self-perceived employability in such a way that the association is stronger when levels of stress are higher. Stress also moderates the mediating effect of self-perceived employability on the relationship between serious leisure and workplace well-being such that the indirect effect of serious leisure on workplace well-being is stronger when levels of stress are higher.Originality/valueTheoretical implications come from drawing on leisure studies literature to differentiate casual leisure and serious leisure. The concept of serious leisure is subsequently integrated into the human resource management literature to explore the relationship between serious leisure, self-perceived employability, stress, and workplace well-being. Practical and policy implications suggest how universities and organisations can support their students and early careers talent by encouraging them to participate in serious leisure activities.

Towards an Ecosystem of Hospitality: The Dynamic Future of Destinations

Digitalization, new work and leisure concepts and global challenges are transforming the way we live. More stakeholders, including residents and entrepreneurs, actively participate in the implementation of alternative socio-economic concepts; as such, entrepreneurial ecosystems are seen as drivers of regional development. The research still lacks holistic approaches to the application of ecosystems in tourism destinations. Hence, the objectives of this article are to capture research on entrepreneurial ecosystems in tourism and, specifically, to derive a holistic model that integrates destination and location management across stakeholders. This research utilizes the method of a systematic literature review, starting with 597 articles on ecosystems. Following four stages of exploring the literature, the results show that most articles have been published in rather isolated fields of smart tourism or quality of life aspects. Based on the rather qualitative review that reveals specific ecosystem components, we propose a model of an “Ecosystem of Hospitality” (EoH). Focusing on stakeholder interaction and encounters, the EoH fosters the adoption of the entrepreneurial ecosystem to destinations in a dynamic approach. The practical implications are, for example, a broader consideration of various stakeholders, including the local population, and a switch in typical destination management tasks from mere tourism service production to regional development and living space management.

On Workified Education and the Possibility of Leisure

The article is concerned with the difficulty of providing leisure today with a positive definition that goes beyond merely being a negation of work. I argue that the vague boundaries between work and leisure play into the hands of work – a highly praised activity that is dominant in today’s society. I argue that in such a situation, education as leisure and as good in itself is hard to conceive and sustain. First, I present the concept of leisure in ancient Greece (scholé) as time dedicated to autotelic activities – activities taken for their own good – a definition that remains paradigmatic despite its later impossibility. I then show that once work has transformed from hated to bearable to eventually understood as good from a moral perspective, the concept of leisure has also changed – so much so that its positive definition is no longer available to us. After showing how education is affected by the diffusion of the boundaries between work and leisure, I suggest three possible ways to counter this process: (1) focusing on leisure as resistance to the dominance of work, (2) appealing to the deep connection between leisure and religious worship, and (3) a radical rejection of the concept of “leisurely work” or any other kind of work that is presumed good in itself.

Concepts, spaces, and leisure practices from the perspective of youth

Aim: To investigate how the choices of young people for public or private spaces during their leisure practices, regardless of gender and age group, can be a starting point for the definition of agendas for the constitution of governmental public policies. Methods: The empirical task was accomplished through the application of electronic questionnaires to young university students from Portugal (20%), Brazil (70%), and South Africa (10%). The sample consisted of 705 randomly chosen young people, with an average age of 24 years. The data were analyzed using SPSS and content analysis. The analysis was divided into three categories: comprising the student's profile; referring to leisure and relating to the provision of leisure and space. Results: The youngest people choose the public spaces for their leisure practices and conceive leisure as a moment when they can do whatever they want, without obligations, followed by leisure as fun and free time. There is no difference between men and women in the concept of leisure. The main conclusions highlighted that leisure means to ‘do what I want without any obligation to do so’, followed by ‘fun’ and ‘free time, and young people like to ‘go out with friends, ‘play sports’ and ‘do nothing’. The public space is the most used for leisure. Conclusion: The meaning of leisure is loaded with subjectivities, so we understand that the demands for political actions that enable the use of public spaces safely and with quality are the way to guarantee the rights of the population.

Recognizing Leisure: A Portrait of the Concept through the Educated Self

Much of the current available literature on leisure characterizes it as an additional consumer good: a derivative of capitalist society, featured as a commodity and, for the most part, an industry. This paper argues that recovering the concept of leisure from the ancients, with a contemporary focus on culture and the practice of living artfully, will help us create a new understanding of leisure that will break free from the reigning popular focus on “free time.” The concept of leisure (scholé) will here be set against an existential backdrop that will situate it entirely within the realm of education, to reveal important connections to what it means to be an educated self and to lead a flourishing collective life in the form of culture. This discussion will conclude with a portrait of the concept that will be of interest to democracy-oriented educators, as we set the groundwork for actualizing the concept in the practice and lives of teachers and students in today’s world.

Застосування інституційного підходу при вивченні дозвілля у соціологічній науці

The article analyzes the new realities we are witnessing (globalization processes, the COVID-19 pandemic, information wars, etc.) are causing changes in all spheres of public life. Leisure is one of such areas. Due to these changes, transformations and modifications, people are forced to look for new ways to organize their leisure and leisure time. Attention is drawn to the fact that there are changes in the forms of various activities. In particular, their content is changing. It is emphasized that in accordance with changes in society, approaches to the study of human activities must change. The article analyzes the latest research and publications related to the organization of leisure and approaches to its study. It is also noted that there are aspects in the study of this issue that have not yet been fully clarified and substantiated. We pay attention to what is embedded in the content of the concept of leisure in scientific circulation. It is determined that leisure is considered in the context of free time, namely as part of it. It is emphasized that although these two concepts are considered in tandem, they are not identical. The focus is on the main approaches to sociology and their application in the study of leisure. The analysis of the content of sociological approaches to the study of leisure allowed us to understand that special attention should be paid to the institutional approach. He at the present stage of development of sociological science occupies one of the leading positions. That is why the study of leisure practices from the point of view of the institutional approach was considered in detail. It is noted that in our opinion, when studying this issue in Ukrainian society it is most appropriate and appropriate to apply an institutional approach. It is determined that this approach can be called the integration of elements of different approaches. This, in turn, allows us to substantiate our views on the most optimal approach to the study and study of leisure in Ukrainian society. Attention is focused on the fact that the choice of sociological approach in the study and research of a particular issue depends on the purpose and objectives of the scientist.

Креативность в системе досуговедческих концепций

Creativity and leisure are two closely related factors of human life. However, the change in the angle of analysis of «creativity» as a new professional and economic phenomenon has created a gap between creative and leisure processes. In today’s crisis realities, the creative sector faces practical difficulties. The answer to the current challenges of the creative class can be found by referring to the fundamental leisure concepts, which long before the emergence of the paradigm of the «creative era» predicted and recorded the most important trends in the functioning of modern society. Analysis of the ideas of «civilization of leisure», «knowledge society», «bohemian bourgeois», «creative class», etc. reveals the basic, but neglected in practice, principles of civilizational progress based on creativity, which become the basis for creating a new format for the functioning of creative industries, presented in this work.

Trzy projekty gdańskich terenów rekreacyjno- -wypoczynkowych z lat siedemdziesiątych XX w.

Leisure and recreational areas in Gdańsk during the times of the Polish People’s Republic is a poorly researched subject. There are very few lectures, publications, or studies on the topic; however, the state of research is not surprising because of the somewhat ambiguous nature of Gdańsk. The city is seen as a university centre, industrial centre, but not strictly as a place where the recreational function dominates. The article focuses on architectural conceptions of leisure and recreational areas during the seventies; it is fascinating how the architects of the time tried to create everyday recreational areas in this historic city, where two kinds of structures coexisted, combining solemn buildings from the past with everyday forms for the present man. The author’s main aim was to expose and describe in detail three of the most curious, but unrealized projects: ‘the seaside Park of Culture and Leisure in the Gdańsk agglomeration’, ‘the recreational centre over the flow of the Motlava River’ and ‘the bathing beach at the outlet of Karol Marks Street’.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING INSTRUMENTS INTO ANTI-CRISIS PROGRAMS OF NATIONAL TOURIST MARKET PLAYERS

The article gives grounding to importance of implementation of marketing instruments into anti-crisis programs of main players of tourist operators segment of national tourist market. It points out that anti-crisis marketing is aimed at giving assistance to tourist market players to identify the perspectives of the market, elaborate strategic trends and choose tactical instruments of exit from the crisis situation with minimal losses.
 It regards the consequences of the current crisis for tourist sector: economic consequences, consequences for means of living and goals of sustainable development, consequences for environment and climate, cultural consequences.
 It is also pointed out that the current crisis forms unprecedented possibilities of interaction transformation between tourism and nature, climate and economics. It is determined that certain innovational startup-projects can suggest solution of saving the tourist domain from consequence of Corona virus, form added value, have tested prototype and business-plan as well as the potential for use in other countries.
 It accentuates attention on marketing activities connected with renovation of internal tourism, involvement of internal tourists, on the necessity to study trends, potential demand, prepare new products, establish communications with tourists with orientation to national tourist destinations. At the same time, the article describes problems that accompany tourist operators’ work with national accommodation means and absence of state program of internal tourism development with strict performance control.
 The article also analyses activity of the biggest tourist operators of Ukraine in conditions of current crisis and their interaction with tourist agencies and tourists: Anex tour, Join UP!, TUI Ukraine. It makes the conclusion that in spite of difficult situation with pandemic, quarantine restrictions and lockdowns, recurrent waves of COVID-19, restrictions of entry and stay in many popular tourist destinations, the majority of tourist operators did not terminate marketing activity, adapted to the realia of the pandemic. It is pointed out that Ukrainian tourist market players must take into account a number of factors that will determine customer behaviour (choosing shorter terms of rest, preference to individual travel (auto-tourism), individual transfers, individual accommodation, priority of choosing wellness, marine and rural tourism) and select adequate marketing anti-crisis instruments. The article draws attention to popular leisure concept of bleisure (mix of rest and work) as a response to active development of remote work topic and increasing number of “digital travellers”. Such marketing approach is caused by the necessity not only to continue the tourist season but also to develop cultural and historic tourism, shopping tourism, wellness tourism.

Resilienz durch Muße? Ethnografische Befunde zu einer ambivalenten Relation

Resilience has recently become an expansive concept in political, economic and scientific fields. The normative and ideological dimensions underlying this concept and the resulting cultural effects have hardly been the subject of empirically grounded research in cultural studies so far, although resilience discourses have long been materialising in everyday and living environments. Using the example of courses that promise actors a life with more leisure, this article asks how ideas of resilience are communicated, made plausible and also critically negotiated in this specific field. To what extent is the increased attractiveness of the concept of leisure as a specific form of the qualification of temporal experience related to ideas of a resilient self? How are ideas of a fundamentally deficient self in need of optimisation expressed here and for which social problems are what kind of solutions being sought? The article assumes that both the concept of leisure and the concept of resilience co-create, on a discursive level, the problems, challenges and crises to which they respond.

Hsiao Yao: A Chinese Analog of the Classical Western Idea of Leisure

Leisure is recognized as an arena in which an individual deals with fundamental human concerns including living a good life and pursuing happiness. It is therefore not peculiar to Western culture but an interest in most, if not all, cultures and societies. However, leisure researchers have been slow in acknowledging this assumption, especially with respect to the meaning of leisure in non-Western settings. The authors argue that the Chinese concept of hsiao yao is an idea and ideal akin to the Western concept of leisure, especially in its classical sense, i.e., Greek scholé, implying “the cultivation of self” and “freedom from the necessity of being occupied.” The striking concordances between these two concepts suggests that in order to make sense of the values of leisure encountered in diverse cultures, more effort must be put forth on the cross-cultural comparative study of leisure.

An Exploration of Leisure Motivation as Cultural Practices: A Cross-Cultural Approach

Positioning leisure as a cross-cultural construct, this study aims to explore leisure motivation as cultural practices. Kelly’s conceptualization of leisure was carefully repositioned within the framework of individualism-collectivism to investigate the culturally shaped dimensions of leisure motivation. We examined this issue in a cross-cultural study of 298 Korean and 297 French subjects using a survey-based questionnaire employing the Recreation Experience Preference scales. Results from an exploratory factor analysis identified four components of cultural leisure motivation: Unconditional, recuperative and compensatory, relational and role-determined. Results from a regression analysis revealed cultural differences: Recuperative and compensatory motivation for leisure participation was the most significant predictor of overall satisfaction for Korean respondents; the overall leisure satisfaction for French participants was significantly explained by unconditional motivation. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings were discussed.

Leisure in mental health occupational therapy interventions: a qualitative investigation

Mental health care has been shifting from treating mental illness to health promotion. Occupational therapists aligned with the new paradigm can include leisure in their recovery-oriented interventions helping mental health patients live a meaningful and satisfactory life. The aim of this paper is to determine the common perceptions of leisure among occupational therapists who practice in mental health settings, and to understand how they implement leisure as an intervention when working with individuals with severe mental health disorders. A qualitative methodology was used to explore Occupational Therapy perceptions of leisure. Through snowball sampling 5 occupational therapists from a metropolitan city in the Midwest of the United States of America to complete a semi-structured interview were recruited. American Occupational Therapy Association Practice Framework (3rd edition) guided the thematic analysis. Three themes emerged, including Concepts of Leisure, Occupations, and Leisure as Therapy. Theme definitions, examples and implications are discussed. Although occupational therapy practitioners in mental health consider leisure important, it is underutilized in their interventions. The professional’s perspectives of leisure influences how they include it in their practice.

Leaders Inspiring the Next Generation of Citizen Scientists – An Analysis of the Predictors of Leadership in Birding

Citizen Science (CS) is a megatrend of the 21st century given its importance for nature conservation. CS projects dealing with birds often require knowledge and abilities to identify species. This knowledge is not easy to acquire and people often learn from leaders during field trips and lectures about birds. This emphasizes the need for leaders in ornithology. Although data of CS projects are increasing, less is known about people providing guidance and taking over leadership roles. In this study, leadership roles (leading field trips, giving lectures/presentations) are analyzed by studying demographic variables, birding specialization, and the social dimension of the involvement concept of serious leisure. Participants were recruited via many channels to cover a broad range of birdwatchers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland who participated in the online survey. A total of 1,518 participants were men, 1,390 were women (mean age 47.7). Mean years of birding were on average 24.5. 845 persons lead at least one field trip, and 671 gave on lecture (in combination 991). Mean number of field trips led during the last 5 years was 13.43, mean number of presentations was 8.21. Persons that gave presentations also led field trips (Phi = 0.593, p < 0.001). However, there are still people that preferred leading field trips over lecturing and vice versa. Men more than women took over leadership roles. A binary logistic regression showed an influence of age, gender, and university degree. Social relatedness was related to being a leader, also birding skill/competence as well as self-report behavior of birding were significant predictors for leadership roles. Years of birdwatching and both commitment scales were not significant. The data indicate that more diversity in leadership roles might be beneficial with more women and younger persons.

Work, leisure and the social order: insights from the pandemic

ABSTRACT Regardless of one’s perspective on the relationship between paid work, leisure, and social order, it is widely accepted that paid work is a central activity in light of which one may examine this linkage. There are rare cases in which the freedom associated with leisure choices explicitly challenges the existing social order and the values on which it is founded. Types of leisure that are not in harmony with the core values of society have been discussed under the conceptual category of deviant leisure. Inspired by previous work on leisure and the social order, as well as by some observations on Israeli society during the pandemic, this paper offers some reflections on the possible theoretical contribution of the concept of deviant leisure to the study of the interconnection between work, leisure, and the social order.