Urban Concept Research Articles

Accessible environment as a means of ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities and as a task of the modern social state

The article deals with a number of issues related to the essence of the modern social state, its responsibilities to ensure the ability of the entire population, including people with special needs, to exercise their rights, participate in the life of society and the state. The importance of an accessible environment for ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities is noted. The role of urbanism in this process is shown. The concept and essence of urbanism are given, and a new task of urbanism to provide an accessible environment for residents with disabilities is revealed. The types of urbanism and the features of their implementation, specifically in the concept of a new task to create an accessible environment for people with disabilities, are considered. The conclusion about the formation of a new essence of urbanism as an institution of the social state and one of the means of realizing the rights of persons with limited abilities, including access to justice, is made.

Impact of Urban Growth on Market activities in Gombe Metropolis

Urban growth concept has dragged the attention of several scholars of different fields of study for decades. Urban growth refers to expansion of urban centres in size due population growth, which hiked the number of buildings in urban centres around the world. The finding of the paper indicate that Gombe Metropolis expanded by (85 hectares) each year from 2000 to 2010 and the expansion of Gombe Metropolis occur in all direction. The rate at which Gombe Metropolis expand grown to (203 hectares) each year from 2010 up to date. Therefore, the rate at which Gombe metropolis expanded increases by 138% from 2010 to date and how number of markets increases to 16 currently from 12 in the year 2010. This paper study the Impact of urban growth on market in Gombe Metropolis. Coordinate of markets of existing markets was collected. For second set of data used in this paper i.e. secondary data which include map of Gombe metropolis, related journals, text books, published and unpublished document, and Newspaper were consulted. The data generated from questionnaire administration were analysed using tables, graphs and charts. Satellite images showing how urban growth is taken place in Gombe Metropolis were also analysed. The study examines the impact of urban growth on Gombe Metropolis markets activities over the period of study. The findings of the study indicate emergence of new markets in the study area over the years of study as a result of urban expansion that occur in Gombe Metropolis. It also indicated that the new established markets were located in areas where urban growth take place in study area and these new markets are patronized by people within the environment or vicinity of the markets. Most of the newly emerged markets are located at the periphery of the town where urban expansions occur rapidly.

1922-1956 годы. Нереализованные проекты развития центрального композиционного ядра Москвы на примере Аллеи Ильича. Часть 1

Теоретические и практические аспекты влияния нереализо­ванных градостроительных решений, концепций и подходов на архитектурно-планировочное развитие городов являются вос­требованными для научного поиска. В работе рассматривается Аллея Ильича - часть Кремлёвского полукольца, начинающаяся от площади Дзержинского и заканчивающаяся районом строи­тельства Дворца Советов. Оценивается градостроительная роль концепции Аллеи Ильича - нереализованной, но оказывавшей реальное влияние на территориальное планирование Москвы. Возникшая по программе увековечения памяти В.И. Ленина, Аллея Ильича фигурировала во многих московских градострои­тельных концепциях и проектах 1920-1950-х годов: в конкурсах на Дворец Советов, Парк культуры и отдыха, дипломных работах студентов архитектурного факультета ВХУТЕМАСа и Московского архитектурного института, проектах реконструкции ансамблей центральных площадей столицы, Генеральном плане реконструк­ции Москвы 1935 года. Концепция Аллеи Ильича эволюциони­ровала вместе с изменением градостроительной политики - от «романтизированной схемы» до проектов радикальной пере­стройки центра Москвы, «ансамбля ансамблей». Практически ни одна из концепций Аллеи Ильича не была реализована в завершённом виде. При исследовании в качестве временной шкалы применена периодизация московского градостроитель­ства, основанная на ретроспективной оценке формирования планировочной структуры города в увязке с социально-эко­номическими и политическими факторами влияния. Изучение влияния нереализованных проектов на эволюцию городов и городских сообществ при формировании пакета сценариев социально-экономического и территориального городского развития даёт возможность использования возрождённых и актуализированных творческих концепций в реальном проек­тировании. Исследование сопровождается ранее не публико­вавшимися материалами проекта реконструкции центра Москвы, выполненными в мастерской-школе И.В. Жолтовского.

Dispossession by financialization: the end(s) of rurality in the making of a speculative land market

ABSTRACT This article elaborates upon the concept of speculative urbanism and the theory of accumulation by dispossession by delving into the recent history of the transformation of Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) India into a global city. It explains how the conversion of rural land into urban real estate for ‘global-city’ projects triggered distinct forms of dispossession and financialization. The shifting practices of global finance capital along with its national and local partners have created the conditions for widespread dispossession of rural producers and the financialization of the regional economy, a phenomenon identified here as ‘dispossession by financialization’.

Beyond the Sarajevo 1984 Olympicscape: An evaluation of the Olympic Villages

Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is a unique setting for studying Olympic legacy, a city that hosted XIV Winter Olympic Games in 1984 and only eight years after was home to the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare. Aiming to contribute to the debate on mega-events from an urban studies perspective, this research reconstructs one segment of the shared history of the Winter Olympic Games through the Sarajevo 1984 Olympics experience, and as such strengthens respect and understanding through trans-national practices. The concept of Olympic urbanization is engaged to probe the ways in which divergent concepts of modernization and socialist regime in Yugoslavia conditioned Sarajevo Olympic urbanization, territorial transformation, and architecture. Special attention is given to evaluation and critical re-imaging of the Sarajevo Olympic Villages within context of local urban and architectural concepts and of their functioning under the new state of things which has arisen since the 1984. Accordingly, the work shifts attention to tracing the spirit of Olympism and provides a critical analysis perspective on the changing nature of Sarajevo Olympic legacy discourse in line with the current framework of Olympic Games.

A zone of exception? Interrogating the hybrid housing regime and nested enclaves in China-Singapore Suzhou-Industrial-Park

Focusing on the highly ‘successful’ China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), this study taps into a less explored topic of housing development in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) through the conceptual lenses of housing regime and enclave urbanism. Drawing on empirical evidence garnered from interviews, survey, observation, and secondary sources, this study transcends methodological nationalism and cityism to present a situated and close-up examination of housing regime at the intra-urban level. It also enriches the concept of enclave urbanism by delving into the nested enclave structure in SIP. A hybrid housing regime featuring a (neo)liberal logic in the disguise of the semi-social democratic regime for landless farmers and a productivist regime for the variegated workforce is identified. Two key players – the local state and transnational corporations, via formal and informal institutions, gave rise to a nested enclave structure. Instead of ‘a zone of exception’, SIP epitomises the ubiquitous neoliberalisation and aggravated precarity endured by low-skilled migrants, and foregrounds housing stratification and segregation within SEZs.

Urbanity as a Process and the Role of Relative Network Properties—A Case Study From the Early Iron Age

A manifold of concepts of urbanity have been discussed in the past and many criteria of towns have been developed. These criteria, e. g. size, population,legal aspects, way of life, structural and functional approaches are insufficient, because they cover just a part of the phenomenon and because they partly use fixed and arbitrary thresholds. We turn to an understanding of urbanity as a process which fills and shapes the scenery of the buildings and people and which involves complexity as one of the main drivers. In this sense we understand urbanity as a process of adaption to changed requirements or contexts in a complex settlement system, triggered by size, attracted by exemplary solutions and characterized by the emergence of new structures. With this paper we address the issues of relativity in the urbanity process. As adaption process, urbanity is relative in the sense, that other places may have gained better or worse adaption. Concerning networks, this means that network centrality measures have to be adapted to geographical networks. This paper applies this concept to the Princely Seats of the Early Iron Age with a special focus on the Heuneburg. A very limited part of the material culture is used to represent similarities and interaction between the different nodes. For this purpose we use fibulae which allow rather good dating and hence ensure a narrow time slice for the network analysis. Fibulae also provide a limitation to a certain social segment, which can be addressed as a middle class. This paper is intended to contribute to the problem of addressing the rather complex issue of urbanity using rather simple approaches such as network analysis. We pay attention to a tight integration of theory and method as well as to certain conceptual issues. This paper has two main results. First, we develop a consistent approach to apply social network centrality measures on geographical networks. Secondly, the role of a kind of middle class in the course of urbanity processes is enlightened.

Packaging Analysis for Interior Layout of Urban Concept Vehicle Eco-marathon Using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

Packaging Analysis for Interior Layout of Urban Concept Vehicle Eco-marathon Using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

Restrictions of Historical Tissues on Urban Growth, Self-Sustaining Agglomeration in Walled Cities of Chinese Origin

This article uses a fractal observation to help delineate the constraints placed by multiple city walls on the growth of historical East Asian cities. By applying advanced technologies from economic geography and fractal indices, a staged scaling process within urban dimension coherence can be applied to both indices. In this study, a discovery is proposed based on the urban organism concept that is capable of indicating a proportional intra-urban structure from a fundamental wall-bounded urban element (local specificity) to other greater walled spatial properties (global variables). This local specificity potentially performs approximate scaling regularities, and spatially denotes an average historical threshold of urban growth for its overall size, with similar scaling law constraints. This finding involves territorial, urban planning, and ancient architectural perspectives, providing a historical and local response to the expansion of contemporary cities. By employing growing fractal estimation, data processing enables the logarithmic city size to be obtained by measuring each wall’s specific features using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. On the basis of two-dimensional allometric scaling patches, a spatial unfolding mechanism is utilized to reproduce these dynamic changes with city walls as a result of the human trajectories in time geography.

Study on Urban Design of Coastal Tourism Areas

Liao, S.; Xie, Y., and Xiao, F., 2020. Study on urban design of a coastal tourism areas. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 372–376. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.At present, coastal cities are changing toward information, intelligent, ecological, and other directions, which requires urban design with various complex factors. Through effective urban design, resources can be effectively allocated, balancing economic and environmental development, which is an important means of tourism development in coastal cities. The regional natural and cultural characteristics should be analyzed, because they are important factors in planning and design cases. At present, the functions of coastal cities will become more and more complex, requiring the construction of city characteristics, space humanization, and so on. Urban design is the overall design of the complex system of the city, which pays more attention to the framework creation and the guidance of urban development. Urban design is a multisolution process and a continuous basis system that will feed back dynamic urban governance, which is a professional category that comprehensively deals with system element relations, public value orientation, and high-quality urban environment concepts. The basic concept of urban design consists of mixed functions, land use, public transport, public vitality creation, and medium- and high-density urban texture, which has gradually become a consensus. This paper analyzes the key methods of urban design, which will be an important reference for the planning of coastal city tourist areas.

LIDAR-based Collision-Free Space Estimation Approach

As autonomous technologies flourish within the vehicle industry, an increasing number of academic autonomous competitions are appearing. One of them is the Shell Eco-marathon Autonomous Urban Concept competition (SEM AUC) which seeks to provide hands-on experience for the academic community to design, build and test their own driverless vehicles within a realistic infrastructure. The team at our university participates in this competition and our concept is to rely on simple and robust algorithms. This paper presents a simple collision-free space estimation algorithm for the LiDAR sensor.

Dispersão urbana e empresas urbanizadoras na cidade industrial: a atuação da Compañia Madrileña de Urbanización, da Garden City Pioneer Company, da First Garden City Ltda. e da Cia City

Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar o fenômeno contemporâneo da dispersão urbana dentro do campo da história do Urbanismo. Este exercício historiográfico foi construído com base em uma análise crítica da atuação de empresas urbanizadoras de reconhecida importância na historiografia do Urbanismo: a Compañia Madrileña de Urbanización, empresa urbanizadora fundada pelo madrilenho Arturo Soria y Mata para implementar sua ideia de ciudad lineal; as empresas Garden City Pioneer Company e First Garden City Ltd, fundadas, respectivamente, para levantar fundos e gerenciar a construção de Letchworth, na Inglaterra, primeira cidade-jardim construída, cujo esquema teórico Ebenezer Howard havia concebido em 1898; e a empresa City of São Paulo Improvements and Freehold Company Ltd, que implementou os primeiros bairros-jardim de São Paulo. Na narrativa sobre cada empresa, destacam-se os dois conceitos urbanísticos propagados por essas empresas, relacionados com a ideia de urbanização dispersa e com as estratégias empresariais desenvolvidas para viabilizar empreendimentos ligados à dispersão.

Application of Sponge Urban Design Concept in River Watercourse Landscape Renovation

Zhang, C.; Tang, X.; Dai, L.; Zhang, P., and Chi, Y., 2020. Application of sponge urban design concept in river watercourse landscape renovation. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 590–595. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the rapid development of China's social economy, the urbanization process is accelerating, people's living standards are improving day by day, and the demand for resources is increasing. Especially water resources, which are closely related to people's lives, the development of water resources has been intensified. As an important way to store water resources, if it is not effectively managed, it will seriously affect the quality of water resources. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve river courses, the ecological restoration of river should be done well to ensure the stable and healthy development of the whole ecosystem. The concept of sponge urban design is an innovative understanding and development of the theory of rain-flood utilization. It is the improvement and enrichment of water environmental treatment methods and ideas under the new situation of our country. The planning and implementation of sponge city construction provides new ideas and methods to help solve urban water environment problems, it plays an important role in solving urban water environment problems. This article has made the preliminary explanation and the analysis, it mainly aims at the connotation, target and function of sponge city. And taking Luotian water comprehensive treatment as an example, the importance of developing and constructing sponge city in China under the new situation is analyzed in detail.

KHARKIV AS CAPITAL: UTOPIA, CONSTRUCTIVISM, MEMORY (1919-1934)

The discourse of «First capital» is one of the main in the identity of contemporary Kharkivites and its appearance in memory politics is systematic. The short period in city history, when it had official status of capital, left an unproportionally big mark in the collective memory. We would like to study how the capital status was «built» in Kharkiv architecture. Kharkiv, which during the imperial period was a huge regional centre for so-called «Russian South» or «Slobids’ka Ukraine region», was growing rapidly at the beginning of the Soviet era. Its territory was increased in 5,7 times from 1910 till 1930. The city was changed not only in sizes but by its planning structure. The «old» city was criticized for its chaotic structure and architectural styles. Thus new one was imagined as a proletarian utopia with planned quarters and residential complexes. KhTZ was visioned in the crossing of several urban concepts: city garden, desurbanisation and linear city. Industrial objects such as Serp i Molot, KhTZ, Kharkiv Locomotive Factory marked the urban space and created industrial cityscape. Among the main architectural markers of new capital were Derzhprom, Building of Cooperation and Projects and Theater of mass action. The competition for Theater of Mass Action attracted more than 145 architects, among them 100 foreign ones. The image of Kharkiv as capital was avantgarde, utopian, industrial and proletarian one. Contemporary urban palimpsest is cleared most of avant-garde buildings and visitor imagines Kharkiv as the city of Stalin ampir, not the constructivist one. Mentioning «First capital» is not necessary reference to the period of 1920s-1930s, mostly it is about nostalgia for Soviet past at all.

Implementasi Teori Asiatica Euphoria McGee Dalam Pengembangan Zona Industri Studi Kasus: Desa Bajera, Kecamatan Selemadeg, Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali

Cities in Indonesia were initially formed through the transformation of various influences of power and power. Strength as an identity that can attract the outermost area to come to an area, while power lies in the personal strength of man as the leader of a region. These conditions have an impact on the development of the world of industry in the country. Transforming traditional city structures into a modern city, not only physically but also a basic transformation towards the concept of urbanity of its citizens. The urban village as an element of the city which is the identity of a region, still holds a traditional urbanity value system that is different from the conception of modern urbanity. This condition affects the development of industrial zones, such as what happened in Bajera Village, Selemadeg District, Tabanan Regency. The heterogeneity of the population of Bajera Village is one of the biggest indicators of the formation of an industrial zone. The existence of a transportation mode that connects the outermost areas of Bajera with the Core of Bajera Village is another driving factor that influences the growth of industrial estates. This study tried to explain descriptively qualitatively, a fact of regional development based on Asiatica Euphoria McGee's theory. The special attraction in the core of Bajera Village encourages residents in the outermost areas of Bajera to migrate to the core areas of Bajera Village with the aim of staying temporarily and to settle for long periods of time. This phenomenon is in line with the theory put forward by McGee, that the CBD (central business district) is formed due to the attraction of the core (core) and the ease of modes of transportation from peri urban areas to the CBD. This condition makes Bajera village the center of industrial and trade areas in the Selemadeg Barat region, Tabanan, Bali.

PEMBANGUNAN BANDAR TELUK ANSON KETIKA PENTADBIRAN KOLONIAL BRITISH, 1874-1957

This study is about the emergence and development of the town of Teluk Anson or is now known by the name of Teluk Intan located in the Lower Perak district from 1874 to 1957 during the British colonial administration. Urban development was booming during the British administration due to colonial economic and political activities. This has led to several areas of economic activity in Perak emerging and expanding to a city while establishing a western-oriented urban concept. In terms of development, it had a positive impact on the urban development and socio-economic of society in Teluk Anson. Therefore, the study was fully carried out by using qualitative methods through document analysis approaches such as the Perak Secretariat and Perak Annual Report obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia. The use of secondary sources such as books and writings of studies on the economics and history of the town during the British colonial era was also used to reinforce the findings. The findings show that a number of economic activities had contributed to the development and transformation of the Teluk Anson urban landscape such as trading activities at the main wharf and commercial agriculture. This indirectly contributed to the development of the Teluk Anson urbanization network. Overall, the British administration policy in the state of Perak has driven the emergence and development of the Teluk Anson town and this was driven by the trade at the wharf and commercial agriculture. Thus, the Teluk Anson town was one of the major cities of trade during the British colonial era.

Subaltern Urbanization: Indian Insights for Urban Theory

AbstractThe concept of subaltern urbanization is about vibrant smaller settlements—outside the metropolitan shadow—sustainably supporting a dispersed pattern of urbanization. We propose a theoretical framework which draws on an empirical research collective using both large statistical and land‐use data sets and detailed case studies in non‐metropolitan Indian geographies. Anchored in postcolonial urban studies, it looks beyond the logic of agglomeration and questions our understanding of settlement hierarchies and the location of social and economic innovation processes, opening up an alternative reading of urbanization that could be valuable for other regions. Local agency is core to this concept, transporting the arguments of the ordinary and the subaltern beyond large cities. Our findings, apart from emphasizing the agency of smaller settlements, highlight their multiple local and translocal flows, shaping an autonomous external engagement that could exist independently of relationships with large cities. Further, even though the rural and the urban seep into each other, they do so organically, unlike the process in planetary urbanization. Additionally, the rural‐urban dichotomy remains performative, in that governance regimes influence the urbanization process. Appreciation of these dynamics can provide insights towards a better understanding of the system of human settlements, which is our goal in advancing this framework.

Temporary uses: a new form of inclusive urban regeneration or a tool for neoliberal policy?

ABSTRACT Temporary uses are claimed to be new solutions for urban challenges, especially in a scenario characterized by scarce public-private resources. However, the role of temporariness in urban development is still ambiguous. The paper discusses the concept of temporary urbanism in the light of urban regeneration, other problematic concepts. The paper addresses current urban phenomena proposing a taxonomy of temporary uses to help clarify these ambiguities, highlighting differences and similarities among various European cases. Notably, the contribution aims to discuss whether temporary urbanism can be considered as a new method of urban regeneration or as a tool to perpetrate neoliberal policies.

CHANGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SPACE OF BIG CITIES. ANALYSIS AND ACCOUNTING IN THE JUSTIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENT WAYS

The city in today's urban planning is treated as a dynamic, flexible and ergatic (capable of self-organization) system. The author distinguishes between the concepts of urban planning and urban development: urban planning — the fundamental science of urban research, identification of fundamental laws and patterns of their functioning and development; urban development is an applied activity (construction) related to solving project tasks. The article clarifies the content of the concepts: changes, transformations in the context of the provisions of metabolism, which determine changes in the structure and processes in cities, determine their viability and the basis of development. It is argued that the cause of today's problems are philosophical and ideological errors and the need to form a new philosophy of human existence, which should be based on finding a balance between man and nature, present and future, change and stability, private and common, and the priority of gender, religious and economic equality.Trends, processes and problems of urban functioning are analyzed, in particular: growth of economic advantages of urbanization, increase of concentration of riches in cities; the dominance of the influence of material factors on urban development; aging of engineering infrastructure and difficulties of its development; increasing uneven settlement of population within cities and regions; change of relations of the city with the environment, etc. The importance is emphasized and some provisions of the methodology of analysis of processes and changes in cities, their consideration in the substantiation of town-planning decisions are substantiated.The requirements of system, sustainability and prospects of urban development, which are united by the concept of regenerative urbanization and circulatory metabolism, are substantiated. Local recommendations for the development of Lviv are given, which include: optimization of urban settlement systems in the region and the city's relations with the environment; equalization of spatial accessibility conditions; improving the safety of the environment and protecting the city from natural and man-made disasters; improvement of management systems and mechanisms at different levels, etc. The task to continue the study of processes, changes and transformations in cities is outlined.

The Right to the City in the Platform Age: Child-Friendly City and Smart City Premises in Contention

This article sought to develop a critical account of the ever-increasing role of ICTs in cities and urban governance discourses, captured by a growing interest to ‘smarten up’ our cities, for their inclusiveness of citizens more broadly, and that of children, in particular. In revisiting rights-based approaches, it gives particular attention to the (political) premises of two urban concepts, that is, child-friendly cities and smart cities. The focus here is on how these current concepts encompass and direct the make-up of children′s relationship to the city, which brings the question to the fore of ‘whose version is it?’ A predominant provider′s perspective and a normative discourse are revealed which seem to overlook emergent logics of children′s social needs and experiences in the city. It is therefore proposed to revisit and revise our existing ideas, thus critiquing the current potential of the emerging ‘rights-based’ agendas in improving outcomes for children by urging cities to become child-friendly in their smart city ideals.