Object-oriented Design Concepts Research Articles

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ИНФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЗАЩИТЫ КОНФИДЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ

The problem of harmonization of approaches to the definition of information security objects is becoming increasingly relevant due to the growth of information arrays, the complexity of information technologies, technical and cryptographic means of information protection, and the increasing number of computer attacks, including on critical information infrastructure. Historically, the concept of objects of protection in Russia is associated with the requirements of state regulators, so it has different interpretations. The purpose of the study is to develop an infological model of information security objects. The goal of infological modeling may be to provide the most natural ways for a person to collect and present information about objects of protection for its consideration when creating protection systems and storing in a database. The author based on the analysis of the requirements of the main regulators of the Federal service according to the technical and export control of Russia and the Federal security service of Russia and the modeling method, an infological model of information security objects has been developed. This model is most consistent with the concept of object-oriented design, which is the basis for the development of complex software systems, the development of technology for designing databases of information security objects based on the ER-model. The entity-relationship model (ER-model) has several basic concepts, from which more complex objects are built according to predefined rules.

CateCom: A Practical Data-Centric Approach to Categorization of Computational Models.

The advent of data-driven science in the 21st century brought about the need for well-organized structured data and associated infrastructure able to facilitate the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning. We present an effort aimed at organizing the diverse landscape of physics-based and data-driven computational models in order to facilitate the storage of associated information as structured data. We apply object-oriented design concepts and outline the foundations of an open-source collaborative framework that is (1) capable of uniquely describing the approaches in structured data, (2) flexible enough to cover the majority of widely used models, and (3) utilizes collective intelligence through community contributions. We present example database schemas and corresponding data structures and explain how these are deployed in software at the time of this writing.

Evaluations of JaguarCode: A web-based object-oriented programming environment with static and dynamic visualization

To increase program comprehension and overcome learning obstacles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), various visualization techniques have been adopted in educational OOP environments. Some provide software development with visual notations without source code, while others support programming with visual aids. Our research supports Java programming along with UML diagrams (class, object, and sequence) and dynamic execution traces of program synchronized in a web-based programming environment - JaguarCode. It aims to help students better understand the static structure and dynamic behavior of Java programs, as well as object-oriented design concepts. This paper reports on the evaluation results of JaguarCode to investigate its effectiveness and user satisfaction through quantitative and qualitative experiments. The experimental results revealed that having both static and dynamic visualizations did positively impact the correctness of program understanding and tracing problems, while the visual representations did affect students' understanding on the program execution of the problems to higher accuracy. It was also observed that students were satisfied with the aspects of those visualizations provided in JaguarCode.

An object-oriented hydrologic model for humid, shallow water-table environments

Summary Humid, shallow water-table environments such as the flatwoods of the southeastern United States are characterized by flat topography and moderately to poorly drained soils where significant interaction between surface water and groundwater occurs. A Java-based, object-oriented hydrologic model has been created specifically for shallow water-table environments within the framework of the ACRU2000 model. Using the object-oriented design concept of inheritance allows for new modeling approaches to be incorporated into a model by extension, without modifying existing functionality. The object-oriented programming properties of inheritance, aggregation, and association provide a flexible, modular, and readily extensible platform for model development. The physically based, conceptual model represents the effect of the water-table on evapotranspiration, local groundwater flow, and runoff generation. The model is physically based in that it uses physically measurable parameters and is conceptual to the extent that the model domain is idealized. Model validation to two experimental sites in the southeastern US indicated the model’s ability to predict water-table depths, soil moisture distributions, evapotranspiration, and saturation-excess runoff.

위성 시뮬레이터를 위한 시뮬레이션 서비스와 모델 일반화 기법

최근 급속히 발전하고 있는 소프트웨어 엔지니어링, 특히 객체 지향 설계 개념은 위성 컴포넌트의 시뮬레이션 모델을 신뢰성과 재사용성의 측면에서의 발전이 가능하게 하였다. 이 논문은 시뮬레이션 서비스와 일반화된 모델 설계 방법에 기초한 유용한 위성 시뮬레이터 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 기법의 유용성은 .NET/C# 환경에서의 프로토타이핑을 통해 검증되었다. Recent progress on software engineering especially in object-oriented design concepts has enabled the development of the simulation models of satellite components in view of reliability and reusability. This paper proposes an useful satellite simulator framework using simulation service and generalized model design. The proposed method is verified by a prototyping in .NET/C# environment.

Finding the optimal parameters for a software reliability model

Failure rate parameters exert a great deal of influence on the accuracy of software reliability predictions. Thus, it behooves us to examine the methods that are used to estimate the parameters. The value of parameters is determined by the pattern of historical failure data and the amount of data used in the estimates. Conventional wisdom suggests that all the data be used. However, this could be counterproductive if all the data are not representative of the current and future failure process. Therefore, we can analyze these factors to obtain the optimal parameter estimates, where “optimal” means parameter values that will result in minimum prediction error. We examine one software reliability model that does not use all the failure data if a priori analysis indicates that optimal parameter values could not be obtained. Historically, this model has used a mean square error criterion (MSE) of the difference between actual and predicted reliability in the parameter estimation range. However, it has been observed that this policy does not always result in minimum error predictions in the prediction range. Therefore, we investigated the linear interpolation estimation method as an alternative to MSE for three NASA shuttle flight software releases comprising forty-two reliability predictions. Interestingly, linear interpolation provided better prediction accuracy, overall. We believe our analysis can be applied to other software and failure data. In order to systematize our thinking on developing new models using linear interpolation, we employed object-oriented design concepts as guides to implementing C++ programs for evaluating linear interpolation with respect to MSE.

Using BlueJ and Blackjack to teach object-oriented design concepts in CS1

This paper describes a sequence of Java programming assignments for the CS1 course which can be used to reinforce the basic concepts of object-oriented design in a logical, consistent way. By using...

Motivating OOP by blowing things up

For the introductory student, the process of learning to program is an arduous task. Not only does the student have to learn the syntax of a programming language, he or she also has to apply concepts of object-oriented design and software construction in service of the projects created within the classroom. Unfortunately, as students further their study of programming, they often feel disconnected from the examples and projects they construct as part of their coursework. Projects are often perceived as toy problems and do not match the graphics-rich, interactive notion of programming that students bring with them to class. In addition, projects and classroom exercises do not convey the appropriate level of complexity and fail in the task of challenging the student to critically think about what they are constructing. This paper discusses TankBrains, a cooperative and competitive programming project presented to students in the latter part of their introductory programming course sequence. Students are challenged to create simple tank artificial intelligences as teams, which are later tested against each other in head-to-head combat. Students create their TankBrains within a collaborative virtual environment, which enforces the physics and rules of the combat simulation. Students must also present their strategies and findings to each other. This paper also examines how the use of the TankBrain system influences the students' perception regarding achievements and learning in the classroom.

クライオクーラ〔１〕―極低温冷凍機の基礎―

In general, a cryocooler can be developed using an object-oriented design concept applied to a prototype. There are many various demands, such as, cooling temperature, cooling capacity, reliability and cost, efficiency. On the other hand, a number of cryocoolers has already been developed. Therefore, the basic characteristics of these cryocoolers should be clarified to ascertain their adaptability to current demands. From this perspective, this fundamental cryogenic refrigerator review explains the functions of individual components for specific cryocoolers. Example cryocoolers include a GM-cooler, Stirling cooler, pulse-tube cooler and thermo-acoustic cooler.

Role playing in an object-oriented world

Role playing exercises are one of many teaching techniques commonly employed to drive home lessons about computer science. Most of the specific role playing described in the literature, however, relates to algorithm or hardware design. More recently, the Pedagogical Patterns Project has published patterns involving role playing in a general sense. In this paper, we draw on three separate role playing exercises that we have developed to show that scripted role playing is a natural and effective way to introduce concepts of object-oriented design.

A conceptual framework for holonic manufacturing: Identification of manufacturing holons

Future manufacturing systems will need to cope with frequent process disturbances and changes in production orders. Therefore, their control will require constant adaptation and high flexibility. Holonic manufacturing is a highly distributed control paradigm that promises to handle these problems successfully. It is based on the concept of autonomous cooperating agents, called “holons”. This paper presents the conceptual framework that is needed for the development of holonic manufacturing systems (HMS). The paper defines the identification task of the manufacturing holons as the first task in the development process and shows the role of a holon taxonomy herein. The holon taxonomy is based on orders, products, and resources as basic building blocks. They are structured using object-oriented design concepts like aggregation and specialization. Additional staff holons provide the basic holons with specialized advice. The resulting architecture fulfills the requirements for holonic manufacturing, where the autonomy of the agents provides the system with the ability to react to disturbances, while the existence of hierarchical control elements provides the system with opportunities for global optimization. The resulting architecture remains flexible, allowing control strategies ranging from very hierarchical to very heterarchical. A case study is given featuring the PMA testbed HMS.

CDOL: A comprehensive declarative object language

In this paper we present a rule-based database language known as CDOL (Comprehensive, Declarative Object Language) that is an integration of deductive, object-oriented and active database technology. CDOL provides sublanguages for the expression of derived data, constraints, updates and active rules. The rule-based query language of CDOL provides an expressive approach to extend the stored database with derived attributes and classes. The constraint sublanguage allows explicit declarative specification of integrity constraints as a basis for database consistency. The update sublanguage of CDOL enables ad-hoc declarative update requests, where updates are encapsulated in the methods associated with class definitions, thus conforming to traditional object-oriented design concepts. The active rule sublanguage provides active, user-transparent agents that support reactive behavior within CDOL applications. In particular, active rules can be used to supplement declarative updates to maintain database consistency with respect to the set of integrity constraints. Active rules in general are used to monitor the occurrence of specific events and to serve as alerters and triggers within a CDOL application. This paper presents the rule-based query language of CDOL and illustrates the manner in which the constraint, update and active rule sublanguages build on this declarative framework. The use of methods and transactions are also addressed, together with a discussion of the operational semantics of active rule processing.

An object-oriented design of FEM programs

This paper is our first attempt to introduce the concept of object-oriented design to the programming of the finite element method (FEM). Several classes are denned to combine the procedural and data abstractions found in a detailed analysis of the functionality in a typical displacement linear elasticity FEM. The class hierarchies make the data encapsulation, code sharing, program maintenance, and, most importantly, adding new types of elements or solution methods much easier than in the traditional procedural FEM programming (usually FORTRAN code). The Microsoft C++ 7.0 is employed for developing an object-oriented general purpose FEM and each step in the high and low levels of abstraction is given.

Application of object-oriented design concepts in CIM systems layout

Abstract This paper describes the application of object-oriented design concepts in developing a CIM systems layout. An object-oriented platform is used to introduce flexibility in problem representation and solution search. The concepts illustrated include (i) the creation of a visually descriptive problem representation for ease of human-computer interaction, (ii) ease of incorporation of a range of solution search methodologies from local search to global search by the ability to expose the same objects to multiple sources of messages. The object-oriented code is written in Smalltalk-80.

Formal specification of reusable interface objects

In this paper we present a formal approach of a new object-oriented design concept to support reuse-in-the-large called Abstract Data Views (ADVs). The ADV approach was created to specify clearly and formally the separation of interfaces from the application components of a software system. Such an approach should lead to high degree of reuse of designs for both interface and application components. Our specification framework is based on descriptive schemas for both ADVs and ADOs, that are the basic building blocks for the system specification, design, and implemention using the ADV approach. These schemas describe the structural, static, and dynanmic features of each system object, and include the specification of the concurrent operation of system components. Additionally, such schemas can be seen as an underlying structure to support the development of a specification language that describes the interconnection between interface and application components.

ADSM-an automated distribution system modeling tool for engineering analyses

Designing and operating the distribution system efficiently and economically requires distribution engineers to perform various analytical studies frequently. The system models for these analyses are derived from the information residing in diverse utility databases. One major problem in utilizing these databases is the data mismatch due to different software specifications and hardware platforms. This means additional effort is required to transform data among these systems before engineers can perform any distribution system analyses. The Automated Distribution System Modeler (ADSM) developed jointly at the University of Washington (UW) and Puget Sound Power and Light Co. (PSPL) provides an automated approach for the distribution system modeling. This software tool builds a unified distribution system model automatically from the utility databases and provides a generic interface to various engineering analysis tools. This paper describes the object-oriented design concept of such a tool and discusses the merits of the geographic information system (GIS) environment used as a platform for ADSM. >

Introduction to the ACR-NEMA DICOM standard.

In 1982, the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) formed a committee to develop standards for the interconnection of digital imaging devices. Version 1.0 of the standard, published in 1985, specifies a hardware interface supporting point-to-point (not network) image transmission, a data dictionary (a set of rules for encoding information), and a set of commands to initiate transactions. Version 2.0, published in 1988, also addresses point-to-point image transmission and provides semantic rules by which messages (streams of bits representing information in transit from one device to another) are organized. Version 3.0, also referred to as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine), will be finalized in 1992. The DICOM standard encourages open systems interconnection of imaging equipment over standard networks, while maintaining compatibility with earlier point-to-point connection standards. The DICOM standard conforms fully with the International Standards Organization reference model for network communications (ISORM), addresses the issue of conformance, and incorporates the concept of object-oriented design.

Object-oriented design and programming in medical decision support

The concept of object-oriented design and programming has recently received a great deal of attention from the software engineering community. This paper highlights the realisable benefits of using the object-oriented approach in the design and development of clinical decision support systems. These systems seek to build a computational model of some problem domain and therefore tend to be exploratory in nature. Conventional procedural design techniques do not support either the process of model building or rapid prototyping. The central concepts of the object-oriented paradigm are introduced, namely encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism, and their use illustrated in a case study, taken from the domain of breast histopathology. In particular, the dual roles of inheritance in object-oriented programming are examined, i.e., inheritance as a conceptual modelling tool and inheritance as a code reuse mechanism. It is argued that the use of the former is not entirely intuitive and may be difficult to incorporate into the design process. However, inheritance as a means of optimising code reuse offers substantial technical benefits.

Introduction—object-oriented design

Introduction—object-oriented design