Concept Of Isomorphism Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Saudi Arabia’s Governance

Why does the Saudi government utilize artificial intelligence? The research questions whether the more the Saudi government utilizes artificial intelligence (AI), the more it endures authoritarianism or not. In fact, an analytical research design based on a neo-institutional approach is applied to the case study. The research examines the concept of isomorphism by addressing the motivations for AI utilization in Saudi Arabia, the outcomes of AI on Saudi Arabia’s authoritarian practices, Saudi citizens’ insights into AI applications in Saudi Arabia, the relationship between legitimacy and stability in the presence of AI in Saudi Arabia, and the impact of culture and cognitive bases on Saudi organizational behavior toward AI in Saudi Arabia. The research concludes the following: Saudi Arabia applies artificial intelligence to keep the political sphere unchangeable. In other words, the more the Saudi government utilizes artificial intelligence, the more it becomes a digital authoritarian tool.

The process of converting Taekwondo Dojang into Private Cram School: Focusing on the concept of isomorphism of sociological institutionalism

The process of converting Taekwondo Dojang into Private Cram School: Focusing on the concept of isomorphism of sociological institutionalism

Application graph theory to evaluate the stability of landslide slopes

Evaluation of the stability of slopes is a complex and important engineering task, the solution of which requires the analysis of a significant number of factors. Many different methods of slope stability calculation have been developed to solve this type of problem. However, two groups of methods - limit equilibrium methods and the finite element method (FEM) - have become the most widely used. However, these methods have certain disadvantages. Limit equilibrium methods are limited by the assumptions used during the calculation, including the hypothesis of a solid compartment, which does not allow analyzing the stress-strain state. The FEM of the elements does not make it possible to unambiguously localize the sliding surface of the slope, and the determination of the stability coefficient using the method of reducing the strength of the soil requires a large number of complex iterative calculations. The methods and approaches of graph theory can be used precisely to combat the shortcomings of FEM. The paper examines the basics of graph theory. The main methods of specifying graphs, as well as certain types of graphs with an indication of their key features, are presented. The concept of isomorphism of graphs and some features of their graphical representation are revealed. The article presents the basic idea of using graph theory to calculate the stability of slopes. The main questions that must be solved when applying graph theory to the given type of problem are outlined. Two methods of converting a mesh of finite elements into a graph are considered in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods are analyzed. The transformation of the calculation scheme of an imaginary slope with a given geometry, which was simulated in the LIRA-SAPR software complex, into graphs using the above methods is demonstrated. An overview of the approaches that can be used to create a graph weight function is given.

Formal Borders and Cross-Border Interactions: Country – Region – Municipality

This study draws on the concept of isomorphism of formal borders (those established by legislative acts), which postulates similarity in their functions performed in different combinations by borders of various statuses. The article aims to explore the isomorphism of formal borders and their impact on the economy and the quotidian practices of the population. The study employs expert interviews and personal observations from several Russian regions while analysing regional and municipal socioeconomic development strategies. On the one hand, the barrier and constitutive functions of borders help to level the socioeconomic gradient within such boundaries. On the other hand, these same functions accentuate the contrasts between neighbouring territories. The general characteristics of borders also encompass their capacity to either attract or deter specific activities and create or exacerbate the peripherality of adjacent areas. The tension between the continuity of physical and social space and the barrier function of borders shapes the population’s ‘cross-border’ practices, generating commodity flows and other interactions between neighbouring territories. This interaction, in turn, necessitates cooperation between border territories to address a range of cross-border issues. However, such collaborations exist almost exclusively at the interstate level. At the regional and municipal level, this need is either unaddressed or absent, even when acknowledged in strategic planning documents.

Нравственно-экологическая воспитанность как показатель качества образования

The article considers the concept of isomorphism of the quality of the educational process and the quality of its result − the education/upbringing of the Student's personality from the position of ecologization of his consciousness and behavior. The relevance of this approach has been confirmed by many researchers of the scientific school of noospherism. The purpose of the research presented in the article was to establish the relationship between the value-moral-spiritual characteristics of a person and such parameters of her moral and ecological consciousness as: the level of subjectivization of natural objects; the personal orientation of the motivation of the attitude to nature in the aggregate of cognitive, aesthetic, pragmatic-consumer (deficient) and spiritual-moral attitudes. The study was conducted using diagnostic methods of value-moral-spiritual orientations of the individual, subjectivization of the natural object, the dominant orientation of the individual in relation to nature, egocentric associations and correlation analysis (according to Pearson) of the individual results of the study obtained in the diagnosis. The subjects were 75 high school and first-year students. The authors revealed the dominant aesthetic and cognitive attitude of boys and girls to nature, the pragmatic-consumer attitude took the last place, which indicates good prospects for greening the educational process and achieving high quality moral and ecological education of Students in it.

The construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing: a scale to describe the perceptive capacity of psychotherapists in therapeutic situations

Summary This paper presents and contextualizes the construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing (ARK), as the intuitive experience of the therapist that emerges from the phenomenological field created in a meeting between therapist and client. The concept of isomorphism is considered as an epistemological turning point and a possible bridge connecting Gestalt therapy, Gestalt theory and Neurosciences. An example of the clinical consequences of this change of perspective is given. Moreover, a validation pilot study has shown that ARK is described by three factors: empathy, resonance and bodily awareness. The ARK can be defined as a three-dimensional construct that supports the positive use of the therapist’s perception in terms of aesthetic knowing of the phenomenological field of the therapeutic situation. The construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing can be considered a phenomenological, aesthetic and field-oriented contribution to psychotherapy training, supervision and research.

Exploring tax-related sustainability reporting by electric utilities

This study examines tax-related sustainability reporting among electric utilities. Our sample consists of the 32 electric utilities included in the S&P Global Sustainability Yearbook 2022. A content analysis was conducted to examine their level of tax-related sustainability reporting. The concepts of isomorphism and diffusion underpin the interpretation of the findings. Two sources of coercive isomorphism are identified: the State, via Directive 2014/95/EU, making sustainability reporting mandatory in the EU, and the laws transposing it; and European multinational corporations’ influence on Latin American subsidiaries. We also identified normative and mimetic isomorphism related to awards and responsible tax initiatives in Spain.

Cornelius Cardew's Camouflage and Bun No. 2

ABSTRACTCornelius Cardew's Bun No. 2 (1964) provides a unique opportunity to reconcile the composer's indeterminate graphic score Treatise (1963–7) with a more determinately scored orchestral work which uses orthodox staff notation. It represents an amalgamation of Cardew's approach to two notational systems that, owing to their concurrence of use in his oeuvre, can inform our understanding of how graphic scores can be used in determinate compositional processes and vice versa. This article explores why Cardew decided to embark upon this experiment, using contextual information relating to Autumn ’60 (1960) and the influence of other composers, such as Morton Feldman (1926–1987). This is situated in Cardew's notion of ‘camouflage’, a socio‐musical construct relating to the situation and presentation of his widely varied compositional output in the changing musical environment of the late 1950s and early 1960s. The analysis itself covers a small portion of Bun No. 2, drawing extensively upon Cardew's Treatise Handbook (1971), identifying and extrapolating tendencies of musical‐graphical translation and focussing on the use of major and minor triads and their deformation using geometric concepts of ‘perfection’ and ‘imperfection’. Finally, the article considers the implications of this work both for Cardew and for the aesthetics and wider study of graphic score readings, briefly offering a reflection upon the concept of isomorphism in Ludwig Wittgenstein's picture theory (building upon Cline 2020) in relation to the rhetorical notion of ekphrasis (Bruhn 2000) as a means of explaining the uneasy position that this piece occupied for Cardew, read through the lens of camouflage.

Remarks on the Reachability Graphs of Petri Nets

The question is considered - which graphs are isomorphic to the reachability graphs of Petri nets. Reachability graphs, or sets of achievable states, represent sets of all possible different network states resulting from a given initial state s 0 by a finite chain of permissible transitions. They have a natural structure of an oriented graph with a dedicated initial state, all other states of which are reachable from the initial one, taking into account orientation. At the same time, if the network transitions are marked, the reachability graphs also receive the corresponding marks of all arcs. At the same time, the concept of isomorphism of marked graphs arises, but this publication deals only with issues for networks without markings. Even for this simpler case, some questions remain open. The paper proves that any finite directed graph is modeled by a suitable Petri net, that is, it is isomorphic to the reachability graph of the network. For infinite graphs, examples of non-modeled graphs are given.

Too Much, Too Soon? The Changes in Greece’s Land Administration Organizations during the Economic Crisis Period 2009 to 2018

Land administration is the managing of spatial and legal data pertaining to land. Land administration organizations provide services for land ownership and are essential to a well-functioning land administration system to secure land and property rights for all and support real estate markets. This article reviews the case of the Hellenic Land Administration Reform and the associated changes in the land administration organizations during the economic crisis period (2009–2018). We qualitatively analyze these changes and their actual effects through a set of legislative initiatives according to the orders of change of the enactive theory of reforms and the concept of isomorphism. The study is informed by interviews with key informants involved in the land administration policy domain, and by secondary data, such as legislative documents and reports. Findings show that the legislative initiatives aimed to bring efficiency, transparency, and rationalization to the land administration policy domain by centralizing the collection of land transaction fees and nationalizing the land administration organizations., The enacted legislative initiatives encompassed organizational (second-order) changes within a short period, instead of incremental technical or managerial measures (first-order) to improve ineffective practices and services for citizens. They ended with a drastic organizational transformation, resulting in “premature load bearing” in the involved organizations, which complexified the implementation of an ambitious land administration reform and impacted the smooth operation of the real estate market. The article increases the current insight on the merger of land administration organizations and its implications. It contributes to the land administration scholarly literature on the establishment of new organizations to create a modern cadastral system from a public policy perspective through the orders of change of the enactive theory of reforms.

A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF LIDAR-DERIVED DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS

Abstract. Existing approaches to accuracy assessment of LiDAR-derived DEM are typically based on statistical methodology and focus on vertical accuracy. This paper presents a new framework which calls for assessment of not only a DEM’s vertical accuracy, but also its ability to preserve a point’s elevation rank in the bare earth topographic surface. New methods to assess each aspect are presented. For DEM’s vertical accuracy, approximation theory from numerical analysis is used to quantify the total error at each DEM point as well as its three error components – sensor error, ground error, and interpolation error. For DEM’s elevation order which is critical to model terrain structure, the concept of isomorphism in set theory is drawn as the mathematical rationale and Kendall’s rank correlation efficient is used to quantify the accuracy. The new framework is illustrated using a DEM derived from LiDAR for sea-level rise vulnerability assessment of a tidal salt marsh. Compared to conventional methods based on statistics, the new framework and methods produce detailed mapping of error distribution thus enable the identification of the main sources of error and where improvement is needed most. Results call for re-evaluation of the current practice of assessing filtering accuracy in LiDAR data processing and further research on relative elevation and isomorphism.

Lindström’s theorem, both syntax and semantics free

Abstract Lindström’s theorem characterizes first-order logic in terms of its essential model theoretic properties. One cannot gain expressive power extending first-order logic without losing at least one of compactness or downward Löwenheim–Skolem property. We cast this result in an abstract framework of institution theory, which does not assume any internal structure either for sentences or for models, so it is more general than the notion of abstract logic usually used in proofs of Lindström’s theorem; indeed, it can be said that institutional model theory is both syntax and semantics free. Our approach takes advantage of the methods of institutional model theory to provide a structured proof of Lindström’s theorem at a level of abstraction applicable to any logical system that is strong enough to describe its own concept of isomorphism and its own concept of elementary equivalence. We apply our results to some logical systems formalized as institutions and widely used in computer science practice.

Verifying non-isomorphism of groups

The concept of isomorphism is central to group theory, indeed to all of abstract algebra. Two groups {G, *} and {H, ο}are said to be isomorphic to each other if there exists a set bijection α from G onto H, such that $$\left( {a\;*\;b} \right)\alpha = \left( a \right)\alpha \; \circ \;(b)\alpha $$ for all a, b ∈ G. This can be illustrated by what is usually known as a commutative diagram:

Model Theory in a Paraconsistent Environment

AbstractThe purpose of this thesis is to develop a paraconsistent Model Theory. The basis for such a theory was launched by Walter Carnielli, Marcelo Esteban Coniglio, Rodrigo Podiack, and Tarcísio Rodrigues in the article ‘On the Way to a Wider Model Theory: Completeness Theorems for First-Order Logics of Formal Inconsistency’ [The Review of Symbolic Logic, vol. 7 (2014)].Naturally, a complete theory cannot be fully developed in a single work. Indeed, the goal of this work is to show that a paraconsistent Model Theory is a sound and worthy possibility. The pursuit of this goal is divided in three tasks: The first one is to give the theory a philosophical meaning. The second one is to transpose as many results from the classical theory to the new one as possible. The third one is to show an application of the theory to practical science.The response to the first task is a Paraconsistent Reasoning System. The start point is that paraconsistency is an epistemological concept. The pursuit of a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of paraconsistency from this point of view leads to a reasoning system based on the Logics of Formal Inconsistency. Models are regarded as states of knowledge and the concept of isomorphism is reformulated so as to give raise to a new concept that preserves a portion of the whole knowledge of each state. Based on this, a notion of refinement is created which may occur from inside or from outside the state.In order to respond to the second task, two important classical results, namely the Omitting Types Theorem and Craig’s Interpolation Theorem are shown to hold in the new system and it is also shown that, if classical results in general are to hold in a paraconsistent system, then such a system should be in essence how it was developed here.Finally, the response to the third task is a proposal of what a Paraconsistent Logic Programming may be. For that, the basis for a paraconsistent PROLOG is settled in the light of the ideas developed so far.Abstract prepared by Bruno Costa Coscarelli.E-mail: brunocostacoscarelli@gmail.comURL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/331697

Regular Property on Product of Pythagorean Anti Fuzzy Graph

In this paper, we introduce the notion of Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graph. We then define the Cartesian product and Lexicographic product on Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graph. It is proved that Cartesian product of two Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graphs is Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graph and Lexicographic product of two Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graphs is Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graph. In general, Cartesian product and lexicographic product of two regular Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graphs need not be Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graph. Necessary and sufficient conditions for Cartesian and lexicographic product of two Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graphs to be regular are determined. Further, we define the concept of isomorphism on Pythagorean Anti fuzzy graph with suitable example.

The power struggle over education in developing countries: The case of the UNESCO-World Bank Co-operative program, 1964-1989

This paper examines the relationship between the World Bank and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) between the 1960s and the 1980s. It focuses on the Co-operative Program (CP) between the two organizations, which was established in 1964 and lasted officially until 1989. In the context of the Co-operative Program, the Education Financing Division (EFD) was established, a joint unit located in UNESCO, with the purpose of carrying out technical missions to assist governments in the identification and preparation of educational projects and the formulation of funding requests to the World Bank. Drawing on archival research and interviews with former UNESCO and World Bank officials, the paper traces the history of the Co-operative Program, which was characterized by intense power struggles exacerbated by Cold War tensions. During the 25 years of the duration of the Co-operative Program, the World Bank developed into the most influential policy shaper for education in developing countries, while the influence of UNESCO, created in the post-World War II order as the United Nations’ designated organization for education, declined. Using Bourdieu’s concept of fields and DiMaggio and Powell’s concept of isomorphism as analytical lenses, the World Bank’s expansion to a development agency will be explained by its greater autonomy as a field, endowed with more capital based on the rationalization of education and isomorphic processes of professionalization of the “field of power” of educational planning. To the detriment of UNESCO, the World Bank became the powerhouse of a global governance structure that was built with support from the United States government and furthered by the rise of economics.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ НАСИЛИЕ В СОЦИУМЕ, СОЗНАНИИ И ЯЗЫКЕ

The aim of the article is to retrace the causes responsible for the development of denominations of psychological abuse in the Russian language, and to describe the peculiarities of their implementation into the language system. The concept of isomorphism of the fundamental structure of the world, as well as human mind and natural language, is confirmed on the basis of the material of сustomary functioning of the denominations of psychological abuse. Contemporary customary usage reflects the phenomena of psychological and emotional pressure on a person, which have lately spread in the living space. The media sphere has become one of the important sources of observation of evolutionary processes in language during recent decades. The media provide numerous examples of the functioning of new words that are not recorded even by the most modern dictionaries, including electronic ones. Emerging lexical tokens either fill in the gaps of particular area of modern Russian that serves the psychological discourse, or can be applied to clarify new or updated concepts. Social awareness of the indiscriminate character of psychological abuse has triggered new legislation aimed to protect against these forms of violence. The penetration of the borrowed terms from psychological sphere into modern language is determined both by extralinguistic and intralinguistic reasons, such as dehumanization of society, globalization; tendencies to the semantic accuracy of utterance, speech-saving efforts, etc. A steep increase in the frequency of use of the borrowed psychological terms in the media discourse accelerates the process of their adaptation in the contemporary Russian language. The removal of ideological marking of existing in the language lexical units, the clarification of semantic content of terms, various types of borrowing, naming forms of latent violence common in the globalized world, the attachment of actual lexemes to taxonomic relations innate to language system, demonstrate the aptitude of the Russian language for plasticity. The problem outlined is multifaceted, interdisciplinary and needs further elaboration.

Efficient Validation of Supervisory Controllers using Symmetry Reduction

Abstract Supervisory control synthesis is a method to automatically generate a correct-by-construction supervisory controller. Validation of the synthesized controller is an important step to guarantee correct and safe system behavior. Especially requirement validation for systems with numerous components can be a difficult and time-consuming task. This paper proposes a method that reduces the required validation time and effort of systems through symmetry reduction, and is based on the concept of isomorphism. Isomorphism of component models and requirement models means that these models are equivalent in behavior, and therefore only part of the system needs to be validated. This method is used in an industrial case study, in which a supervisory controller is synthesized for a road tunnel (the Koning Willem-Alexandertunnel, the Netherlands). In this case study, the modeling of the plant and the requirements, supervisor synthesis, simulation, and validation are described.

Estrutura multiplicativa de números naturais: um olhar para o livro didático de matemática dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisa a abordagem conceitual da estrutura multiplicativa em manuais didáticos, pois consideramos que a formação e o desenvolvimento dos conceitos devem emergir a partir de um conjunto de situações- problemas que levem em consideração a representação e o próprio conceito. Com esta premissa, este estudo teve por objetivo classificar tipos de situações-problemas da estrutura multiplicativa de Números Naturais em uma coleção de livros didáticos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental sob a perspectiva da Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, desenvolvida por Gerard Vergnaud. Este trabalho é vinculado ao Grupo de Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (GPECMA). A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, apresenta características da análise documental, baseando-se metodologicamente na análise de conteúdo, a qual considera necessário selecionar, explorar e tratar os dados com vistas a abordar o objetivo, que nos permitiu identificar e analisar as escolhas referentes à organização matemática e didática presente no ensino da estrutura multiplicativa na coleção de livros didáticos analisada. A partir da produção e análise de dados notamos que emergiram cinco tipos de situações multiplicativas. A formalização do algoritmo da multiplicação e divisão é apresentada no último volume da coleção. Dentre as situações identificamos a multiplicação entendida como soma de parcelas iguais, disposição retangular, combinação de possibilidades, repartir igualmente e quantos cabem, apresentados em três unidades de registro que se diferenciam pela representação utilizada em língua natural, figural e materiais manipuláveis. Destaca-se que a maioria das situações apresentadas mobilizam conceitos do isomorfismo de medidas. O raciocínio envolvido na classe de produto de medidas é contemplado em situações multiplicativas, deixando relegadas situações envolvendo divisão, o que indica a necessidade de propor aos estudantes mais situações que organizam o pensamento multiplicativo em diferentes aspectos, em que se trabalhe a multiplicação e a divisão na classe do produto de medidas. Depreende-se também a necessidade de abordar diversificadas situações multiplicativas, em diferentes contextos e grau de dificuldade, visto que muitas vezes o livro didático é o principal material utilizado pelo professor no preparo de suas aulas.

Using a priority queuing approach to improve emergency department performance

Emergency department over-crowding has been a growing problem throughout the world. This paper presents a practical approach to estimate the waiting times for multi-class patients and apply the approach to reduce the waiting time for high priority patients. Patient flows with different levels of acuity are formulated based on the priority queue models. It derives explicit expressions of the wait time for the Markov queue and uses the concept of isomorphism to approximate the wait time in the general queue. Numerical results with simulation experiments are reported to display the accuracy of the approach. A case study from an emergency department indicates that the proposed approach can efficiently prioritize patient flows in decreasing waiting times. The queuing models have two features. First, the approximation applies to the general priority queues and reduces to the exact results of the Markov priority queue. Second, the models requires no iterative algorithm.