Concept Of Chronotope Research Articles

Chronotopes of Transnational Literacies: How Youth Live and Imagine Social Worlds in their Digital Media Practices

AbstractThis study explores the transnational literacies that contribute to creating online social connections among migrant youth that may support their development and navigation of life across countries. We examine how social connectedness is semiotically constructed through time–space framing among two youth of Chinese descent who were participants of a larger study of the digital media practices of young people in an urban high school. We build on the concept of chronotope (Bakhtin, 1981) and scholarship of transnational literacies to understand the space–time dimensions of digital literacy practices, specifically how youth create the spatiotemporal context or frame of reference for their actions and positionings with others across geographical distances. Using a case study approach with data from interviews and observations, we analyzed how the youth depicted their transnational social relations within particular time–space frames. Qualitative and discourse analyses of the youths' narrative accounts show that they positioned themselves in proximity with their transnational peers within particular time–space contexts that supported their actions and emotions, and how they made sense of events, issues, practices, and their own identities as transnational individuals. The youths' ideas of schooling and education, and attunement to nationalistic ideologies, were developed through multiple chronotopes in their social connections across countries. This study offers implications for how an attention to the transnational spatiotemporal frame of youths' discourse and narrative may give us a more nuanced understanding of the subjectivity, knowledge, and perspective they derive from their experiences of movement and connection across borders.

Against the promethean: Energy throughput and the far-right politics of degrowth

While criticism of growth by a diverse but overall left-leaning degrowth spectrum has become increasingly prominent, less is known about degrowth stances by far-right actors. While the far right is regularly viewed as ‘productivist’ and tied to fossil fuels, we point to a more complex relationship, taking the German New Right eco-magazine Die Kehre as a case study. Drawing on Bakhtin's concept of chronotope (time–space configuration), we identify two chronotopes, the promethean and the idyllic, with their interaction giving rise to a far-right degrowth stance. The promethean (rejected) signifies environmental destruction and consumerist ways of living. The idyllic (affirmed) posits a reduction in energy throughput, small-scale production/exchange, limits and the building of ‘rooted’ communities. Our analysis provides original conceptualization and one of the first comprehensive accounts of the far-right politics of degrowth. Thus, we raise awareness of how particularistic and non-universal criticisms of growth and capitalism can partly overlap with better known degrowth positions.

Where is Homelessness? When is Homelessness? Chronotopic Analysis of OECD Narratives of the Homelessness through Space, Time, and Body

Defining homelessness clearly without reducing the problem's complexity helps governments frame effective and conscious policies. There is a growing need for a theoretical framework that explores the common ground and generative structure among broad narratives about homelessness. In this article, we propose that Bakhtin’s (1981) concept of chronotope has excellent potential to achieve this goal. Chronotopes help us understand how time, space, and body configurations are represented in language and discourse for recognizing various situations and personas. Chronotope also enables us to reveal the assumptions and perspectives behind the narrative. Using a chronotopic lens, we analyzed narrations of homelessness from national governments and international organizations of 38 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries. The findings reveal the dynamism, diversity, and assortment of dimensions related to time, space, and body in the analyzed narratives and highlight five main perspectives viewing homelessness as an issue of security, vulnerability, quantification, inclusivity, and human rights. The results of this analysis will guide upcoming research in two primary areas: investigating varied measurement methodologies for assessing different aspects of time, space, and body and scrutinizing how distinct attitudes towards homelessness impact policymaking and development processes.

Temporal and Spatial Narrative Labyrinth: A Bakhtinian Chronotopic Exploration of the Non-fiction - Zinky Boys: Soviet Voices from the Afghanistan War

The paper delves into the temporal and spatial aspects known as Chronotopes propounded by Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975) underlaid in the non-fiction ‘Zinky Boys: Soviet Voices from the Afghanistan War’ (1992) of Svetlana Alexievich (1948). The concept of chronotope has special significance in understanding the text in its historical and cultural context. The Chronotope helps to understand the meaning construed by the author in contemporary settings to discover the connotative meaning of the art form. This paper attempts to study the narrative of time and space relations that shape the non-fiction of Svetlana Alexievich to analyse the interplay of time and space to understand the voices of people who are either the victims of the war or the survivors of the war. The study also tries to interpret the non-fiction in the context of the war that lasted for ten years between the USSR and Afghanistan creating a lasting impact on the people of both nations forever.

Anthracite memories: semantic tagging and coal mining oral histories

ABSTRACT Oral histories are a critical source of information about lived experiences of past events. They have been analysed both for their form – linguistically as texts, performances, and expressive accounts – and their content for understanding historic events and personal experiences. Here we focus on sentiment analysis approaches frequently applied to big data research questions, but less often utilised by anthropologists working with oral histories. Oral histories collected half a century ago in the anthracite mining communities of northeastern Pennsylvania are examined by considering methodological and historical questions. This project explores how oral history and data science might be productively combined to understand these now historic communities’ everyday lives and working conditions. Bakhtin’s (1981) concept of chronotope helps us understand the memory of these anthracite coal mining communities’ daily life and working conditions.

Nationalization of Spatiotemporal Artifacts: National Chronotope, Authenticity, and Local Colors in Danish TV Dramas

This article investigates the conceptualization of spatiality and temporality in television drama series in the age of extensive digital media consumption by focusing on Turkish audiences’ reception of Danish TV dramas. Based on the empirical data collected through extended fieldwork in Turkey, and relying on Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope (spacetime), I analyze how research participants negotiate socio-geographical features, as well as both spatial and temporal textual representations signifying Danish culture and society by delineating “authenticity” and “local color” to distinct spatiotemporal cues in Danish TV drama series. This study reveals that by critically articulating notions of authenticity and local color as distinguishing markers of a particular spacetime, Turkish audiences employ these concepts as strategies to define “national chronotope” which provides a middle ground for reconciliation between the facticity of the geographical place and mediated images of space, as well as factuality of time and local temporalities on screen.

Spatial representation through graphic narrative: a practical approach

Narrative is a form of production that incorporate elements such as characters, time, and space. These elements work together to convey subject actions in a temporal context, and can be communicated through verbal, written, and visual forms. The spatial information in different narrative forms is represented using a variety of tools and methods. Bakhtin's concept of "chronotope" highlights the interdependent nature of time and space in textual narratives and can be applied to visual narratives. The potential of graphic narrative as a medium to visualize time through sequential frames makes it a valuable tool to explore spatial knowledge and representation in architectural education. This paper explores the spatial representation capabilities of graphic narratives using the concept of chronotope, and presents a practical exercise called "Narrative of Space" that can be used to promote spatial thinking and representation in first-year architectural education.

Building identity and authenticity: exploring the spatiotemporal aspects of language teaching in a mariachi class

ABSTRACT This article investigates the language practices of a bilingual mariachi instructor teaching mariachi music to Latinx English dominant students. This ethnographic study draws on the concept of chronotope (Bakhtin 1981) to explore the spatiotemporal aspects of learning, particularly in terms of the teachers’ selective use of language correction strategies when teaching students to sing mariachi music. I argue that the mariachi, its symbolism, and the lyrics are chronotopic because they come from an ‘epic time’ in Mexico and the image and ideology of the charro is currently a global symbol of Mexicanness. Analysis of data shows that when teaching mariachi lyrics specifically, the instructor chronotopically frames the pronunciation of the song lyrics as iconic and requiring specific forms of Spanish. Findings suggest that the instructor focuses on a mariachi identity that, while it does not require fluency in Spanish, does demand language to be used in a particular iconic way (i.e. Mexican accented Spanish) to evoke the past and perpetuate the symbolism of lo mexicano, which is vital to the identity formation of Mexican origin youth. This chronotopic lens allow us to explain why in heritage language learning spaces some linguistic changes can be accepted while others may be sanctioned.

O cronotopo de Paris na poesia da primeira onda de emigrantes russos: um estudo de caso dos poemas de Irina Knorring

ABSTRACT This article proposes to use the concept of chronotope in analyzing the literary works of first-wave Russian emigrants in France. It focuses on the artistic representation of the world within the Russian émigrés community in Paris by exploring the poems of Irina Knorring, a representative of the younger generation of first-wave Russian emigrants. In these poems, the figure of the Russian emigrant assumes a central position. By examining them, this research identifies recurring motifs and images with spatial and temporal meanings and discusses the specific features of the chronotope of Paris. In her poems, Knorring not only delves into the inner world and uniqueness of individuals but also reflects upon the collective experiences and shared destiny of Russians in exile. The chronotope in the poet’s works serves as an indispensable element, establishing a cohesive spatial and temporal unity that enables readers to perceive the image of Russian emigrants in Europe (specifically Paris) through the perspective of a Russian vagabond. The chronotopic analysis presented in this article offers a comprehensive spatial and temporal representation of the life trajectory of Russian émigrés in Paris, encompassing both their individual experiences and the broader context of Russian emigration as a whole.

Dialogia e cronotopia no romance histórico Verde vale, de Urda Klueger

ABSTRACT This article, based on Bakhtin’s studies, focuses on the historical novel genre and its particularities. The route is based on the concept of chronotope, representing the inseparability of time and space. The materiality of analysis is the novel Verde Vale (1979), by Urda Alice Klueger. The analysis carried out highlights the chronotope of transmigration as a figure that underlies the historical narrative; it unfolds into two subordinate themes: the threshold and soil chronotopes, symbolizing the movements observed in the narrative construction of the novel. Linked to these chronotopic representations, the theme of the soil, which implies rooting and also refers to the origin, allows the expansion of the analysis bringing the phenomena of toponymy and anthroponymy closer together, worked as memory and identity events.

Chronotopes of urban centralities: Looking for prominent urban times and places

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to discuss an issue of urban centralities not only in spatial but also in temporal terms. We seek to overcome the traditional view of urban centralities as materialised places. We argue that prominence of place is closely tied to a certain time regime or rhythm and that some prominent times tend to be spatialised through certain urban places. We emphasise the hybrid spatiotemporal nature of urban centrality that emerges from the inseparable coupling of the spatial and temporal dimensions of urban everydayness. The paper seeks to introduce timing, synchronisation and rhythms as important constituents of the urban tissue. The methodology links together Lefebvre‐inspired rhythmanalysis and the concept of chronotope. A complex dataset that depicts the aggregated rhythms of people's presence in selected locales is employed to demonstrate multiplicity of prominent times present in the contemporary city. The chronotopes are narrated as recurrent situations in which specific urban locales and specific times are animated and linked together through the presence of interacting individuals. The elusive spatiotemporal centrality is reflected in the story of the chronotope, describing its rhythm, scale, pacemakers, and actors.

Starość jako czasoprzestrzeń: wokół powieści Wiesława Myśliwskiego

The article describes the category of time and space in Wiesław Myśliwski’s books. The main research tools in the analysis of the material were hermeneutics and subject literature analysis. The particular focus was on how spacetime is perceived by elder characters. The conclusions show how the creation of the world in Myśliwski’s novels correlate with Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope.

A Bakhtinian Approach to the Study of Eighteenth-Century English Gothic Novels

M. M. Bakhtin in the third essay of The Dialogic Imagination coined the term “chronotope” to denote the interaction and integration of time and space in novelistic narratives. Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope emphasizes that time and space coordinate with each other rather than insist on their individualities in narratives. The major chronotope of the novel usually determines its generic characteristics. The current study attempts to utilize Bakhtin’s notion of chronotope to anatomize the time-space structure of major Gothic novels in the eighteenth century, namely, Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (1764), Ann Radcliffe’s Athlin and Dunbayne (1789), A Sicilian Romance (1790), The Romance of the Forest (1791), and The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794), for the purpose of detecting and summarizing the common features of the Gothic genre. Manifold approaches and theories had been applied in this area, but it is the first time that Bakhtin’s chronotope was employed in the stylistic study of eighteenth-century Gothic novels written by Walpole and Radcliffe.

Diagnostic model of the city: a chronotopic approach

The object of this research is the city viewed as a multilayered semantic phenomenon. The needs of transdisciplinary nature determine the vector of its analysis in light of the possibility of application of diagnostic approach, which incorporates the theoretical and practical aspects, cognitive and transformative sides. The goal consists in the development of diagnostic model of the city as a cultural phenomenon. The position is defended on the limitation of classical diagnostic search applicable to the so-called city. The prospects of its research correlate with the nonclassical interpretation of diagnostics, which views it as methodology of cognition. The basic method of this research is modelling. The development of diagnostic model of the city is founded on M. M. Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope. Namely chronotope is determines as the basic parameter underlying its construct. Incorporating the spatiotemporal parameters of the city and their cultural meanings, it allows recording the temporal-topos configurations in city motion, which reflect various qualitative states of its existence, set by the past, present and future. The author offers a ternary model of the city, consisting of historical-cultural, eventful, and innovative chronotopes. The formulated conclusions indicate that the proposed chronotopes can be viewed separately or following the principle of complementarity, which allows assessing the city from the perspective effective arrangement of urban space, as well as the presence of problematic fields therein.

Classical and Arabic Geographers’ Images of Scythia: a Comparison

This article shows the difference between the classical and the medieval Arabic writers' representations of Scythia. The author analyses some specific examples of this difference which is substantial in spite of the fact that medieval Arab authors were aware of the classical traditions of describing the Earth, and largely followed them. The difference in the perception of Scythia and its population depended on the traditions, specific representations, creation of the image of this land, as well as the changes which had taken place over the centuries. The concept of chronotope introduced by Mikhail Bakhtin helps to understand the essence of the changes in the image of Scythia.

КОГНИТИВНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЖАНРОВЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ РОМАНА (на примере произведения Кадзуо Исигуро «Never Let Me Go»)

The article analyses the role of chronotope in implementing genre characteristics of different types of novels within the frame of one novel in a cognitive approach perspective. The authors proceed from the theoretical assumption that the content of any novel represents a multidimensional knowledge of the matrix format comprising various types of conceptual domains as specific cognitive contexts. These contexts refer to the knowledge not only about the plot and the composition of the novel, but also about its genre characteristics and their individual interpretation by the author of the novel. Accordingly, they choose cognitive matrix analysis as the methodological basis of the research. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of general principles and mechanisms of the author's individual interpretation and implementation of the concept of chronotope, suggested by M.M. Bakhtin, within the framework of a specific novel. In relation to the novel under discussion the authors of the article model chronotope in the form of the cognitive matrix SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM and analyze its conceptual structure as it is seen by the author of the novel, as well as his choice of means of its representation in language. The results of the cognitive matrix and linguistic analysis lead to the conclusion that typical genre features of the novel are implemented through characteristics of the basic concepts of the respective conceptual domains and means of their linguistic representation. The article also argues close relationship between all of these characteristics and the dominant role of some of them in relation to the others.

거리극 《미라클-2010》의 시·공간 통합적 특징에 관한 연구 – 바흐친의 ‘크로노토프(chronotope)’ 개념을 중심으로-

거리극 《미라클-2010》의 시·공간 통합적 특징에 관한 연구 – 바흐친의 ‘크로노토프(chronotope)’ 개념을 중심으로-

거리극 《미라클-2010》의 시·공간 통합적 특징에 관한 연구 – 바흐친의 ‘크로노토프(chronotope)’ 개념을 중심으로-

거리극 《미라클-2010》의 시·공간 통합적 특징에 관한 연구 – 바흐친의 ‘크로노토프(chronotope)’ 개념을 중심으로-

Логико-композиционная организация лекции (на материале лекции из серии «Лекции о Прусте» М. Мамардашвили)

Functional and stylistic studies give us an idea of linguistic features of speech products, thus enabling style identification. These specific features become most recognizable when comparing styles. Discourse studies, on the contrary, are mainly focused on understanding and describing basic factors of creating a form of a literary language (style) and factors that determine the characteristics of speech products in individual situations within a socially significant sphere. This article presents an analysis of the logical and compositional organization of the lecture as a genre of academic discourse, taking a university lecture from M. Mamardashvili’s course on M. Proust as an example. The specific nature of the lecture genre in academic discourse is determined by its basic function in the teaching process implemented in direct dialogue with the audience. The research is based on the thesis that a lecture is an event that can be analysed using the concept of chronotope. The use of this concept beyond the analysis of fiction is relevant since spatiotemporal coordination is mandatory for any speech product, regardless of the sphere it is created in or the functions it performs. The main feature of the lecture chronotope is multi-level organization, since a lecture has its own internal spatiotemporal coordinates. The lecture chronotope is explicated at different levels of the text (compositional, lexical and grammatical), which are interconnected. Considering this, two interconnected frameworks of the lecture – structural and semantic – are singled out; they provide the logical and compositional organization of the material, which is important to ensure students’ understanding.

Grief in Times of Corona (Envoi).

This autoethnographic poem tells of personal grief happening in a time of lockdown. It draws on the concept of chronotope, a discrete time and space unit, a parenthesis of sorts, which I have chosen to illustrate as a bubble. In our daily speech, we see bubbles as related to both time and space, now with the added meaning of close relationship of people, those who belong to the same COVID bubble. In this autoethnographic piece, relationships are mediated by technology which anchors our bubbles together, with multimodal links carrying affect and emotion.