Molasses Concentration Research Articles

Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Passion Fruit and Cachaça Jelly Added from Albedo as a Source of Pectin, and Molasses as a Source of Sugar

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize and analyze the microbiological quality of alcoholic yellow passion fruit jelly with molasses using the passion fruit albedo as a source of pectin. Then, they were cut, peeled, and pulped manually with the aid of tools to obtain the albedo and the pulp. The jelly formulations were made with a mixture of ground albedo, cachaça, and passion fruit pulp, varying only in the concentrations of molasses and sugar. The formulations were divided into F1, F2, F3, and F4. physicochemical evaluation of the albedo and the passion fruit pulp was performed. The jelly formulations were characterized in terms of physicochemical and microbiological parameters. All formulations complied with the Brazilian legislation on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. The F4 sample with a concentration of 50 mL of molasses and 300 g of sugar stood out due to the following physicochemical characteristics: the content of soluble solids, reducing sugars, and color. While F2 stood out due to a decrease in total sugar levels. These results highlight the feasibility of using passion fruit albedo as a source of pectin (gelling agent), and molasses as a sweetening ingredient, with sensory characteristics similar to commercial jellies, and with nutritional improvement.

Lipid and carotenoid production by the Rhodosporidium toruloides mutant in cane molasses

Cane molasses is beneficial for lipid and carotenoid production in microalgae. We made a survey for the lipid and carotenoid production profile of R. toruloides M18 (MT) with various concentrations of molasses under nitrogen-deficited conditions. The production of α-linolenate and torularhodin from MT were 1.22– and 14.68-fold higher than those of the wild-type strain. We observed that molasses at concentrations of 35 g/L and 70 g/L represented a cheap and environmentally friendly strategy for producing lipids and carotenoids. Transcriptome and WGCNA analysis demonstrated that the genes relevant to the lipid and carotenoid production, including MYB, bHLH, Δ-4 desaturase, Δ-12 desaturase and FA2H, were significantly highly expressed. The results indicated that molasses could represent an inexpensive means for achieving high lipids and carotenoids production in R. toruloides.

Effects of dietary supplementation with different concentration of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices of Nubian goats

BackgroundMolasses is a potential energy supplement; extensively used to improve growth performance, milk and meat characteristics in goats at relatively low concentrations of 5–40% of the diet. Few data are available concerning feeding molasses to goat kids; therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with higher concentrations of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices. Twenty male Nubian goat kids (4–6 months old; 9–10 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 4 groups receiving different concentration of molasses: 0% (M-0), 30% (M-30), 40% (M-40) and 45% (M-45) for 5 weeks. Feed (DFI) and water intake (DWI) were measured daily, while the blood and rumen liquor samples were collected weekly.ResultsThe DFI increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased in all molasses-supplemented groups (P ≤ 0.05), whereas DWI increased in M-30 and decreased in M-45 (P ≤ 0.05). The final BW and average daily gain (ADG) increased (P < 0.0001) in groups M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45. Blood pH was significantly influenced by dietary molasses concentration (MC) and the duration of molasses supplementation (MD), where it decreased in groups M-30 and M-45 compared to the control and M-40 (P < 0.05). The MC had no significant effect on blood Hb, HCT, TLC, albumin, [K+], AST, ALT and total protozoa count (TPC), as well as ruminal-[Na+], [K+], strong ion difference concentration ([SID3]) and [NH3]; however, only [NH3] was significantly affected by MD and the interaction between MC and MD (MC × MD). Serum TP, globulins, [Na+] and [Cl−] increased (P ≤ 0.05) in all supplemented groups, while A/G ratio and [SID3] decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Ruminal pH decreased (P < 0.0001) in M-40 and M-45 compared to the control and M-30. However, [VFAs] increased (P < 0.04) in M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45, while osmolality increased (P ≤ 0.05) in M-30 compared to the other groups.ConclusionsDietary supplementation with molasses at a concentration of 30% for 3 weeks improved growth performance, protein metabolism and rumen fermentation without compromising animal health, immunity, and electrolytes and acid-base homeostasis.

Co-fermentation of glycerol and molasses for obtaining biofuels and value-added products

By-products from biofuels production, such as crude glycerol and sugarcane molasses, are interesting carbon sources for anaerobic biological production of hydrogen and metabolites. The objective of this work was to promote the co-fermentation of those two substrates in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor for obtaining biofuels and value-added products. The total and useful volumes of the reactor were 1.2 and 0.945 L, respectively. Sludge from a sewage treatment plant UASB reactor was used as the source of microorganisms. The crushed tire was applied as a support material to guarantee microbial adhesion. The molasses concentration was kept constant (4 g/L) and the crude glycerol varied (phase 1 = 1 g/L; phase 2 = 2 g/L, phase 3 = 3 g/L and phase 4 = 0 g/L) for a constant hydraulic retention time of 4 h. The highest average hydrogen yield (3.77 mol-H2/molglucose) and the highest average hydrogen production rate (0.34 L-H2/h Lreactor) occurred in the fourth phase of operation (without crude glycerol). The main soluble metabolites produced were 1,3-propanediol (14.4–38.8%), propionate (12.1–37.5%) and acetate (13.2–26.9%).

Characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens polyhydroxyalkanoate produced from molasses as a carbon source

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer produced by various types of bacteria under conditions of unbalanced growth. One of the bacteria generating PHA is Pseudomonas fluorescens with a carbon source in the form of molasses. This study aim ed to determine the effect of molasses concentration and incubation period on biomass and PHA characteristics. This study utili s ed two factor s , such as molasses concentration of 40, 60, 80 g/L, and incubation period for 3, 5, 7 days. The research result indicated the highest biomass yield was obtained from the treatment of 40 g/L molasses concentration and in 7-day incubation period , with dry cell weight values of 1 , 955 g/L, PHA weight of 0.756 g/L, dry cell yield of 2.036%, and PHA yield of 39.06% , respectively . The visual characteristics of PHA samples were indicated with brownish and granular state , while the melting point and functional group s were identical to pure polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The characteristics of the PHB structure obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, depicting: C = O esters, CH 3 , CH 2 , -C-O-, -C-O-C Polymers, and C-C. The melting point of PHA samples , using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, was 166.4 o C and an enthalpy of -13.885 J/g with 9.5% degree of crystalli s ation.

Sugarcane Molasses: A Cheap Carbon Source for Calcite Production in Different Class of Soils using Stimulation of Indigenous Urease-producing Bacteria

In this research, we investigated the abilities of three different concentration of sugarcane molasses as a carbon source to stimulate indigenous bacterial growth in different classes of soil, namely poorly graded sand (SP), silty sand (SM), and clayey sand (SC) (according to the Unified classification system). A total of 7, 10, and 15 days after the treatment, direct shear tests were performed on the untreated and treated samples. The calcite content on all direct shear samples was determined to further correlate it with the strength gains in the treated samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, EDX analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were taken before and after treatment for all samples to analyze the microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. The SP soil samples showed the highest strength gains and also highest calcite content as compared with other two soil type. The peak cohesion intercept for SP-treated samples increased by 2.7–5.5 times as compared to the untreated samples for molasses concentration of 1–3 g/L, respectively. The treated samples became more dilative with the increase in molasses concentration. The sample with highest molasses concentration showed stiffer behavior in shear than the samples with lower concentration.

Effect of Molasses and Water–Cement Ratio on Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Despite recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) presenting economic and environmental benefits, it has inferior fresh and hardened state properties. Recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) obtained from demolished concrete demand more water to satisfy their absorption capacity than natural aggregates; therefore, concrete incorporating the higher volume of RCA leads to inferior properties. Using a suitable plasticizer, water demand of RAC can be reduced as noted by many researchers; hence, properties of RAC are improved. Moreover, sugarcane molasses is a by-product of sugar mills and has water-reducing properties; therefore, it can be used as a cheap substitute of conventional plasticizers. In this study, the influence of four different concentrations of molasses (0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1% by weight of cement) on the properties of RAC is investigated using three different water–cement (W/C) ratios (0.45, 0.50 and 0.55). Workability, fresh density, compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity coefficient and chloride penetrations are investigated. The results encouraged the use of 0.25–0.50% molasses in RAC for maximum strength and durability. Blank and molasses-added mixes showed maximum strength and durability at 0.55 and 0.50 W/C ratios, respectively.

Application of molasses as draw solution in forward osmosis desalination for fertigation purposes

ABSTRACT Certain challenges exist in forward osmosis (FO) separation technique that has to be studied yet such as a selection of a proper draw solution (DS) to supply the required driving force for separation. In this work, the performance of molasses DS in terms of water flux (J w) was evaluated using a commercial FO membrane. Deionized water (DIW), an oilfield brackish wastewater (BWW) and seawater (SW) were used as three different feed solutions (FS). Effects of molasses concentration (C DS) and solutions cross-flow velocities on J w were investigated. The results indicated that the relationship between J w and C DS is non-linear that may be attributed to internal concentration polarization in the membrane support layer. J w was improved slightly by increasing the FS velocity and enhanced moderately by increasing the DS velocity from 6 to 11.5 cm/s. Fluxes of 16.7, 13.3 and 7.5 LMH were obtained during 30 min against the feeds of DIW, BWW and SW, respectively. After 12 h, the osmotic pressure of molasses is reduced from an initial value of 79.8 bar to 54.5, 62.8 and 66.3 bar for the FSs, respectively. Reverse solute flux is increased by decreasing J w and is more significant at values lower than 10.67 LMH for DIW feed. Based on the results, Molasses has a good performance ratio in comparison to other fertilizers and diluted molasses can potentially be used for fertigation purposes.

Optimized medium via statistical approach enhanced threonine production by Pediococcus pentosaceus TL-3 isolated from Malaysian food

BackgroundThreonine is an essential amino acid that is extensively used in livestock industry as feed supplement due to its pronounced effect in improving the growth performance of animals. Application of genetically engineered bacteria for amino acid production has its share of controversies after eosinophils myalgia syndrome outbreak in 1980s. This has urged for continuous search for a food grade producer as a safer alternative for industrial amino acid production. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) appear as an exceptional candidate owing to their non-pathogenic nature and reputation of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. Recently, we have identified a LAB, Pediococcus pentosaceus TL-3, isolated from Malaysian food as a potential threonine producer. Thus, the objective of this study was to enhance the threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3 via optimized medium developed by using Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD).ResultsMolasses, meat extract, (NH4)2SO4, and MnSO4 were identified as the main medium components for threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3. The optimum concentration of molasses, meat extract, (NH4)2SO4 and MnSO4 were found to be 30.79 g/L, 25.30 g/L, 8.59 g/L, and 0.098 g/L respectively based on model obtained in CCD with a predicted net threonine production of 123.07 mg/L. The net threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3 in the optimized medium was enhanced approximately 2 folds compared to the control.ConclusionsThis study has revealed the potential of P. pentosaceus TL-3 as a safer alternative to produce threonine. Additionally, the current study has identified the key medium components affecting the production of threonine by P. pentosaceus TL-3, followed by optimization of their concentrations by means of statistical approach. The findings of this study could act as a guideline for the future exploration of amino acid production by LAB.

Effects of nutrient composition on the formation of biofilm and biocorrosion in MEOR biostimulation medium based on response surface methodology

Nutrition addition in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) application is one of the methods used to increase oil production. Nutrition injection in MEOR application must be done carefully because the lack of proper nutrition addition can induce biofilm and biocorrosion formation. The composition of biostimulation medium for optimizing beneficial indigenous bacterial growth in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) was evaluated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). Three main factors for the medium composition were molasses, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), and NPK. The RSM was used to know the most effective medium composition towards biofilm production and strength that high potential leads to biocorrosion. Molasses, NPK, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) are utilized as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate supplementary substrate in Brine water as basal medium. Molasses concentration was 0%-10% while DAP and NPK was 0%-0.5%. Both aerobic and anaerobe sessile bacteria, as well as acid producing bacteria, were enumerated by total plate and turbidity methods. Statistical analysis with α=0.05 proves molasses give significance effect to biofilm strength and sessile anaerobic bacteria. DAP gives significance effect to biofilm strength and sessile aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. NPK give significance effect to sessile anaerobic bacteria. Molasses addition decrease brine pH by microbial activity, make the carbon steel coupon ST-37 corrosion rate increased. Meanwhile, the addition of DAP increased the pH of brine medium and decrease the corrosion rate.

A novel native bioenergy green alga can stably grow on waste molasses under variable temperature conditions

A novel bioenergy-producing green alga (lab ID.: XNY8011) was isolated from a local mountain in Beijing, China, and was identified as a strain belonging to the genus of Coelastrum on the basis of morphological and molecular characterization. Physiological analyses of photobiological H2 and lipid production suggested that XNY8011 could be a candidate for biofuels production. This strain could accumulate considerable biomass and produce massive chlorophylls in water diluted waste molasses. Three concentrations of molasses (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5%, w/v) were studied to optimize the cell growth and chlorophylls synthesis of XNY8011, and 0.2% was proved to be the optimum, in which XNY8011 could reach A600 of 1.55 ± 0.06 and produce 11.35 ± 0.93 μg/mL of chlorophylls. It was found that 25 °C is the most preferable temperature for the cell growth of XNY8011 in molasses. Interestingly, the strain XNY8011 exhibited significant low temperature adaptability when growing in waste molasses compared to typical bioenergy green algae. It produced 5.73 and 3.05 folds of cell densities in molasses than that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC503 and Chlorella vulgaris did under 20 °C, respectively, and even obtained 13.51 and 2.72 folds of cell densities under 15 °C, respectively. The dynamic analysis suggested that the sugar in waste molasses was utilized as carbon source for cell growth and biomass accumulation. The present study isolated a novel bioenergy-producing green alga from the native environment which could convert waste molasses to biomass and bioenergy with significant temperature adaptability.

PSXIII-39 Feed intake and in vitro digestibility of sheep fed high concentrations of soybean molasses.

PSXIII-39 Feed intake and in vitro digestibility of sheep fed high concentrations of soybean molasses.

Improvements in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Trapping Systems

Improved trap efficacy is crucial for implementing control methods for red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier; Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), based on trapping systems, such as mass trapping, attract and infect or attract and sterilize techniques. Although new trap designs have been proposed and aggregation pheromone dispensers have been optimized, aspects such as the use of co-attractants (molasses) and trap placement are still not well defined and standardized. The efficacy of three concentrations of molasses and different formulations to reduce water evaporation in traps was studied in different field trials to improve trapping systems and to prolong trap servicing periods. In addition, the performance of installing groups of traps or single traps was also evaluated with the aim of improving the attracted/captured weevils ratio. Our results showed that captures increased when molasses were added at 15% to the water contained in the trap and that a thin layer of oil, created by adding 2-3% of paraffinic oil to water, was able to effectively reduce evaporation and prolong trap servicing periods. Moreover, 3.5-fold more weevils were captured when placing five traps instead of one at the same trapping point. Results obtained allow improved efficacy and may have an impact in the economic viability of trapping systems and, therefore, in integrated pest management programs.

Bioremoval of nutrients from wastewater by a denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans ISTOD1

The introduction of plant nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies cause a natural ageing process called eutrophication. In the present study, 71.9% NO3−N and 93% ortho-P removal was achieved within 72h by an aerobic denitrifier P.denitrificans ISTOD1, suggesting the strain as a potential denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organism (DPAO). To make wastewater treatment cost-effective, different concentration of molasses were optimized for maximum EPS production. Application of strain ISTOD1 in real wastewater samples with 5% molasses resulted in NH4+-N, NO2−N, NO3−N, TN, COD and TP removal efficiencies of 99.6%, 79.2%, 83.8%, 97.3%, 84.2% and 100%. Moreover, 1.9g/L EPS production was also observed between late exponential- stationary phase. Assessment on wastewater demonstrated the capability of ISTOD1 in overall nutrient removal along with EPS production. Bioflocculation efficiency of the domestic wastewater produced EPS makes the strain an efficient candidate for enhanced wastewater remediation.

Production of biosolvents and acids by salinity-adapted strain of clostridium acetobutylicum: Effects of salt and molasses concentrations

In this study, the growth of Clostridium acetobutylicum was evaluated in Clostridium basal medium (CBM) containing 0.001, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 % salt concentrations. Although the strain is sensitive to salinity of more than 2 %, the adapted strain was shown to grow even at 6 % salinity. Results indicate adverse effects of salinity on bacterial growth and bioproducts, such as 1- -butanol and butyric acid, whereas the produced acetone is increased by salinity in CBM. In addition, the glucose of CBM is substituted by sugar beet molasses, due to its lower price and greater accessibility. Therefore, molasses-based mediums (MBM) at different concentrations of molasses were examined to assess the effect of molasses concentration on the adapted strain at low salinity. The results showed that 4 and 6 % concentrations of molasses are optimum concentrations for bacterial growth and its production of bioproducts at low salinity. Finally, the simultaneous effects of salinity and molasses concentration on the adapted strain were investigated. For this purpose, molasses-based mediums (MBM) containing 2, 3 and 4 % molasses concentration at 4 % salinity were considered. The results demonstrated that the increase in the molasses concentration raises the production of both butyric acid and acetone.

Study on Molasses Concentration from Sugarcanne Bagasse for Biohydrogen Production using Enriched Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Immobilised Cells by Repeated Batch Cultivation

Repeated batch cultivation is known as most attractive method in improving hydrogen productivity, due to the facts that this approach could minimize the reuse of the cell and the inoculum preparation. In addition, with the combination of attach growth system during the fermentation processes to produce biohydrogen, the density of cells will be increased and the cell washout could be avoided. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of repeated batch cultivation for enrichment of anaerobic mixed culture onto granular activated carbon (GAC) and investigate the effect of molasses concentration during immobilization of mixed culture onto the GAC. The molasses concentration using 50 %, 40 %, 30 %, 20 % and 10 % of diluted molasses were used as feedstock in the fermentation process. The maximum hydrogen production of 60 ml was obtained at 30 % of molasses concentration with 831 ppm of hydrogen concentration. Thus, the kinetic parameter obtained from the batch profiling based on modified Gompertz equation are, Hm= 58 ml for the maximum hydrogen production and Rm= 2.02 ml/h representing the hydrogen production rate.

Enhancement of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Growth and Rhamnolipid Production Using Iron-Silica Nanoparticles in Low-Cost Medium

The application of iron-silica (Fe-Si) nanoparticles for the enhancement of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and rhamnolipid production in molasses medium was studied. The experiments were designed based on the response surface method (RSM) to optimize growth and rhamnolipid production. The concentration of nanoparticles and the time required to add nanoparticles to culture medium were considered as independent variables. The dry weight of cell, the dry weight of rhamnolipid and the surface tension were measured as response variables. In addition, to determine a basic and low-cost medium, the concentrations of molasses and NaCl as components of medium were optimized by RSM. The optimum medium was estimated to include 15% of molasses without NaCl. The results showed that the highest increase in the growth of P. aeruginosa is 25% which occurred at 600 mg/L of nanoparticles and 18 h of addition time compared to the free-nanoparticles experiment. In the same way, the highest increase in rhamnolipid production was 57% at 1 mg/L of nanoparticles and 6 h of addition time compared to blank experiment. TEM images of the morphology changes of bacteria demonstrated the permeation of nanoparticles into the inbound cells. Results of this study reveal the great potential of Fe-Si nanoparticles to overcome the difficulties of the rhamnolipid production in industrial scale.

Potency of making the chemical manganese dioxide (CMD) from East Nusa Tenggara pyrolusite

Chemical manganese dioxide has not yet commercially developed in Indonesia. It is supplied by import sector. The fact that Indonesia has manganese resources as many as 60,893,820 tons is inconsistent with above condition. Research on CMD making employed pyrolusite as the raw material with size of - 100+150 mesh. The material was then reacted with sulfuric acid 6% and various concentration of molasses as reductant from 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 %. The manganese sulfate leachate was then purified using sodium hydroxide and then filtered to have a nonferrous manganese sulfate. The Mn was precipitated from manganese sulfate using sodium bicarbonate. The precipitated manganese carbonate was then calcined at 600°C by injecting the air at various flow rates (100, 200, 300, 400 cc/minute) and different calcination time (2, 3, 4 hours) to get manganese dioxide. The best extracted Mn reached 97.58% using 50% of molasses as a reductant. The precipitation of manganese carbonate had produced sodium carbonate as an impurity. The calcination had not yet changed the manganese carbonate into manganese dioxide due to extremely high calcination temperature.

Performance investigation of a pilot scale integrated aerobic–anaerobic baffle reactor for continuous ethanol production process under various sugar-feeding rates

Ethanol as the promising alternative fuel in Indonesia fights against cost competitiveness with fossil fuel due to low productivity using a conventional batch process. Therefore, the production of ethanol employing continuous fermentation process in which it acquires higher productivity was investigated. The investigation was done using uncontrolled continuous process in the integrated aerobic–anaerobic baffled reactor for 168–340 h at 30℃ and medium pH of 4–5. The substrate of sugarcane molasses–water was varied in three concentrations, i.e. 20, 30, and 45% w/w. The productivity was indicated by ethanol concentration in the effluent stream and sugar to ethanol conversion (fermentation efficiency). The result showed that average ethanol concentration of 20, 30, and 45% molasses was 50.43, 62.70, and 57.17 g/l, respectively. Further, the fermentation efficiencies were 87.2, 80.3, and 46.7% for each of the molasses concentrations. The productivity can be monitored as follows: 1.75 g/l h (20% molasses), 2.31...

Growth of Bacillus Coagulans Using Molasses as a Nutrient Source

Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) can be utilized as microbial inoculant to speed up the bioremediation of wastewater. The effectiveness of the microbial inoculant for treatment is highly selective and relying on the characteristics of the wastewater. A feasible carbon source must be first chosen to pre-culture the microbe prior to the bioremediation. Commercial nutrient broths are efficient to grow the microbial; they are costly for the treatment of large volume of wastewater treatment. This study aims to evaluate the growth rate of B. coagulans using a cheaper nutrient source, i.e. molasses. The commercial Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) media was used as a benchmark. The growth rate of B. coagulans was conducted at different concentrations of molasses (1 %, 3 % and 5 % (w/v)) and in the MRS broth as benchmark. B. coagulans grown in the MRS has shown a much higher maximum specific growth rate (0.69 h-1) compared to that grown in 1 % (w/v) molasses (0.14 h-1). No growth was observed in the higher concentrations of molasses (3 and 5 % (w/v)). Measuring the colonyforming units of B. coagulans in both the MRS and molasses mediums validated the results. Molasses is a desirable carbon source as it is relatively cheaper and easily available. More studies are needed to improve the maximum specific growth rate of B. coagulans in 1 % (w/v) of molasses.