High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations Research Articles

Serum cholesterol efflux capacity is associated with coronary plaque progression in patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract Background Coronary plaque progression is a major risk factor of adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Emerging evidence showed that attenuated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function measured by cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) was associated with development of atherosclerosis independent of HDL cholesterol level. In this study, we sought to investigate whether CEC is a predictor for coronary plaque progression in CHD patients. Methods We consecutively enrolled CHD patients from January 2017 to August 2019 in our Hospital who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention and had at least one non-target coronary lesion. Follow-up coronary angiography were performed at around 12 months. Fluorescence-labeled cholesterol and J774 macrophages were used to measure the CEC of ApoB-depleted serum sample from all patients. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed both at baseline and follow-up to analyze the plaque progression. Results A total of 430 CHD patients with 586 non-target coronary lesions were included in the final analysis. During a mean follow-up time of 381.04±59.52 days, patients with decreased CEC presented more severe plaque progression (net luminal loss in highest to lowest CEC quartile: 0.22±0.42mm vs 0.20±0.41mm vs 0.13±0.36mm vs 0.11±0.34mm, p=0.035). In multivariate analysis, baseline CEC was independently associated with coronary plaque progression after adjustment for traditional risk factors including HDL cholesterol and ApoA-I, no matter treated as categorical variable (OR: 0.382 [95% CI 0.180–0.781] for highest to lowest quartile) or continuous variable (OR: 0.522 [95% CI 0.373–0.714] for per SD increase]. Furthermore, CEC demonstrated a better power in predicting coronary plaque progression compared with HDL cholesterol concentration (AUC=0.644 vs 0.514). Conclusions This study suggests that HDL function reflected by serum CEC is an independent predictor for coronary plaque progression in CHD patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning

PSIV-B-23 Dietary Forsythia suspensa extract supplementation improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality in 85 to 110 kg finishing pigs

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) on antioxidant capacity and meat quality in 85 to 110 kg finishing pigs [Founded by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (6202019) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772612)]. A total of 64 pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), initial BW of 88.68 kg] were randomly allotted into two treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment (4 pens were barrows, while 4 pens were sows), 4 pigs per pen. Two treatments were: corn-soybean meal basal diet with or without 100 mg/kg FSE. The trial last for 30 days and ended when the average BW of pigs reached to about 110 kg. One pig in each pen was selected for the collection of serum samples, and barrows in each group were selected to slaughter for sampling to measure the meat quality. Compared with CON, FSE treatment had increased (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase contents, as well as reduced (P < 0.05) lightness and n-6 / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. Moreover, pigs fed FSE also had increased (P < 0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase contents, as well as decreased (P < 0.05) serum tumor nuclear factor-α contents compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FSE could improve meat quality probably via regulating the antioxidant capacity and fat metabolism in 85 to 110 kg finishing pigs.

Lipid profile in Polish women following lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan diets - preliminary study.

The European Atherosclerosis Society and American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines have introduced several new recommendations, according to which vegetarian diets are concerned as beneficial for the cardiovascular system. This study was aimed to investigate the lipid profile in 56 healthy Polish young women - 13 vegans, 18 lacto-ovo-vegetarians and 25 omnivores. HDL cholesterol concentrations were higher in the vegans and vegetarians than in the omnivores. LDL cholesterol levels were lower in the vegans than in both other diet groups. The use of a vegetarian - especially vegan - diet in Polish conditions is associated with a favorable lipid profile and may have cardioprotective effects.

Supplemental L-Arginine Improves the Embryonic Intestine Development and Microbial Succession in a Chick Embryo Model.

Early colonization of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in intestinal development. However, the microbial succession at an embryonic stage and its assembly patterns induced by prenatal nutrition are unknown. In the present study, we used a chick embryo model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (Arg) on the intestinal development and microbial succession of embryos. A total of 216 fertile eggs were randomly distributed into 2 groups including the non-injected control group and IOF of Arg group with 7 mg/egg. The results showed that IOF Arg increased the intestinal index, absolute weight of jejunum, and improved jejunal morphology in terms of villus width and surface area (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of mTOR and 4E-BP1 were up-regulated and accompanied by higher contents of Mucin-2 in the Arg group (p < 0.05). There was a significant elevation in contents of serum glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas there was a decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Arg group (p < 0.05). Additionally, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were major intestinal bacteria species at the embryonic stage. However, Arg supplementation targeted to shape assembly patterns of microbial succession and then changed microbial composition (p = 0.05). Meanwhile, several short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Roseburia, Blautia, and Ruminococcus were identified as biomarkers in the Arg group (LDA > 3, p < 0.05). Accordingly, significant elevated concentrations of SCFAs, including lactic acid and formic acid, were observed in the Arg group (p < 0.05), accompanied by the higher concentration of butyric acid (0.05 < p < 0.10). In conclusion, prenatal Arg supplementation improved embryonic intestine development by regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis to supply more energy for chick embryos. The possible mechanism could be the roles of Arg in shaping the microbial assembly pattern and succession of the embryonic intestine, particularly the enrichment of potential probiotics. These findings may contribute to exploring nutritional strategies to establish health-promoting microbiota by manipulating prenatal host-microbe interactions for the healthy development of neonates.

HUBUNGAN KUALITAS TIDUR DENGAN 5 INDIKATOR SINDROMA METABOLIK PADA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN

ABSTRACTHigh death rate caused by non-transmitted diseases in the world is begun with metabolic syndrome in human beings such the increase in IMT (Body Mass Index) to be obesity, the increase in blood pressure to be hypertension, the increase in blood glucose to be diabetes mellitus, and abnormality of triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Many factors which trigger the indicator abnormality, and of them is bad sleep quality. The research used cross sectional design by analyzing the correlation between sleep quality and 5 metabolic syndrome indicator in female nurses in the operation room of Adam Malik Medan hospital. Sleep quality was measured by using questionnaire of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), body height and weight were measured to get IMT value, blood pressure was measured by using tensimeter, blood glucose and blood lipid were measured by getting the respondent’s vena blood samples. The data were processed and analysis with independent t-test.The result with independent t-test showed that there was significant difference in IMT (sig=0,003), systolic blood pressure (sig=0,028), and fasting blood glucose content (sig=0,00). However, there was no significant difference in trigliyceride content (sig=0,519), HDL cholesterol content (sig=0,300),). The conclusion was that sleep quality was correlated with three metabolic syndrome indicators: IMT, blood pressure, and blood glucose content, but there was no correlation with trigliyceride and HDL cholesterol.Keywords: Sleep Quality, Metabolic Syndrome , T-Test,

LIPID PROFILES AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-3 IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

TOPIC: Cardiovascular Disease TYPE: Original Investigations PURPOSE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an unexplained increased cardiovascular risk. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is the most important protease involved in RA inflammation which may play a role in the development of cardiovascular events. Specific role of MMP-3 in cardiac pathology in RA patients (pts) is not well investigated.OBJECTIVE: To compare levels lipid profiles and MMP-3 in patients (pts) with active RA and healthy people. METHODS: Thirty nine RA pts (33 women and 6 men, median age 56,5 [49; 65] years), with active arthritis (mean disease duration 96 [48; 190] months; DAS28 5,8 [5,3;6,3]; HAQ 1,8 [1,3; 2,2]) were enrolled in the study. Twenty three pts (59%) received methotrexate, 5 (13%) – the combination of methotrexate with oral glucocorticoids, 10 (26%) - oral glucocorticoids monotherapy. The control group consisted of 29 volunteers (21 women and 8 men, median age 58,5 [53; 62] years). The concentration of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in the blood determined colorimetrically, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) – homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric method, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) – quantitative photometric method. Atherogenic index (AI) calculated by the formula: IA = (HC – HDL-C)/HDL-C. Serum MMP-3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Rates of dyslipidemia were similar in RA pts (23/39 (59%) and control group subjects (15/29 (52%). Concentrations of lipids were also similar in both groups and were as follows: total cholesterol was 5,2 [4,9; 6,2]mmol/l in RA pts and 6,3[5,1; 6,6]mmol/l in the control group; HDL cholesterol - 1,7 [1,4; 2,0]mmol/l and 1,7[1,5; 2,1]mmol/l,LDL cholesterol - 3,3 [2,8; 4,0]mmol/l and 3,6[3,0; 4,0]mmol/l, triglycerides - 1,3 [1,0; 1,6]mmol/l and 1,4[1,1; 1,8]mmol/l, the atherogenic index of plasma - 2,4 [1,8; 2,8] and 2,4 [1,9; 3,0], respectively. Elevated MMP-3 levels were detected more frequently in RA pts (31/39 (79%)) vs healthy controls (2/29 (7%), p<0,0001). MMP-3 concentrations were higher in RA pts (57,0 [36,6; 114,3ng/ml), than in the control group subjects (13,4 [9,9; 20,4]mg/ml, p <0,0001). In RA pts and in healthy controls, MMP-3 levels demonstrated significant correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r =0,64, p < 0,05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r =0,52, p < 0,05) values. In the RA group, concentrations of HDL cholesterol were negatively correlated with MMP-3 (r = -0,5, p < 0,05), CRP (r = -0,53, p< 0,05), and DAS28 (r = -0,4, p< 0,05). Showed no correlation between the levels of lipids and MMP-3 in control group. CONCLUSIONS: RA pts exhibited higher serum MMP-3 levels than healthy individuals. Obtained results suggest that MMP-3 and CRP may produce a negative impact on HDL-Cl levels in pts with active RA. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Control over RA activity probably avoids the development of dyslipidemia in RA pts. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Maria Cherkasova, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Elena Gerasimova, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Tatiana Popkova, source=Web Response

Water Intake and Markers of Hydration Are Related to Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

BackgroundEmerging evidence links underhydration and habitual low water intake to higher cardiometabolic risk, but evidence is limited in community-dwelling older adults. ObjectivesThe objective is to examine if higher water intake and better hydration are associated with better cardiometabolic health. MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis using general linear models included 2238 participants from the Framingham Heart Study Second Generation and First Generation Omni cohorts with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >30 mL·min–1·1.73 m–2 and a valid FFQ for assessment of water intake. Of these participants, 2219 had fasting spot urinary creatinine data and 950 had 24-h urine creatinine data to assess hydration. Cardiometabolic risk factors included fasting glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, and calculated LDL cholesterol; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); C-reactive protein (CRP); and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. ResultsThe combined cohorts were on average aged 70 y; 55% were women. Mean (95% CI) daily total water intakes were 2098 (2048, 2150) mL for men and 2109 (2063, 2156) mL for women. Total daily water, beverage (including plain water), and plain water intakes demonstrated significant positive trends with HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01). TG concentrations were significantly lower among the highest plain water consumers (P < 0.05). The 24-h urine concentration, as measured by creatinine, was positively associated with LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations ( P < 0.01) and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.002). Neither water intake nor urine concentration was associated with glucose or HbA1c (P > 0.05). ConclusionsOur findings of a consistent pattern between circulating lipid concentrations and different water sources and hydration markers support an association between hydration and lipid metabolism in older adults and add to the growing evidence that inadequate water intake and underhydration may lead to higher cardiometabolic risk.

Informativity of lipid metabolism indicators for diagnostics and estimation of the effectiveness of treatment of dogs with pancreatitis

The aim of the research: to substantiate the pathogenetic role of lipid metabolism disorders in the occurrence and course of pancreatitis in dogs and to establish the informativeness of its indicators for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness based on clinical and laboratory research methods.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Used clinical, instrumental, laboratory methods, including morphological studies of blood, urine, biochemical studies of serum: determination of the lipid profile by the content of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, lipoproteins cholesterol of very low – HDL, low – LDL and high density – VLDL, traditional tests and statistical methods.&#x0D; Results. It was found that the most significant changes are inherent in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins in the serum: significantly increased concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and especially LDL cholesterol. The content of HDL cholesterol, on the contrary, in the acute course of pancreatitis is below normal. The content of triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and VLDL remains high. Total cholesterol is normalized, and the level of HDL is below normal.&#x0D; Conclusions. Serum lipidogram of dogs without clinical symptoms of pathology does not differ in composition from the results obtained by other researchers. For pancreatitis in dogs, the concentration of total cholesterol increases by 1.9 times, triacylglycerols – by 5.4 times, cholesterol VLDL – in 6.0 times and LDL cholesterol – 7.7 times. The content of HDL cholesterol, in contrast, in the acute course of pancreatitis is 1.5 times lower than in clinically healthy dogs. Treatment reduces the degree of hyperenzymemia by ALT and AST, but α-amylase activity is not normalized in dogs. Above normal levels of triacylglycerols, LDL cholesterol and VLDL, and HDL cholesterol remain low, despite treatment

Choriocapillaris Flow Deficits in Normal Chinese Imaged by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography

To evaluate the ocular and systemic determinants of the choriocapillaris flow deficits percentage (CC FD%) in normal eyes. Observational cross-sectional study. Healthy Chinese participants without ocular or systemic diseases underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluations, including swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) with 6-×6-mm macular choriocapillaris images. The CC FD% was assessed in circular regions with diameters of 1.0 and 5.0 mm, rings with 1.0- to 2.5-mm diameters, and rings with 2.5- to 5.0-mm diameters. The study included 830 individuals (mean ± SD age 58.66 ± 8.75 years). CC FD% (mean ± SD 22.05% ± 1.13%) was the lowest in the 2.5- to 5.0-mm ring, followed by the 1.0- to 2.5-mm ring, and highest in the 1.0-mm circle. In multivariable analysis, a higher CC FD% was associated with older age (β=0.16 [95% confidence interval {CI}] 0.08-0.24, P < .001), higher intraocular pressure (β=0.34 [95% CI 0.25-0.42], P < .001), higher serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β=0.24 [95% CI 0.17-0.32], P < .001), and lower image quality score (β=-0.22 [95% CI -0.30 to -0.14], P < .001). CC FD% was also independent of axial length. In healthy adult Chinese individuals, a higher CC FD% was associated with older age, higher intraocular pressure, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum concentration. These factors may influence clinical assessments of the choriocapillaris. The lack of an association between CC FD% and axial length is consistent with similar findings for Bruch membrane thickness, macular retinal thickness, and macular retinal pigment epithelium cell density.

Myeloperoxidase/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in patients with arterial hypertension and chronic coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), the enzyme of leukocytes, catalyzes the production of reactive halogen species, which can modify the structure of lipoproteins. Chlorination and nitration of tyrosine residues in apolipoprotein A-1 lead to the formation of dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins (HDL-p), thus blocking the reverse cholesterol transport. Low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with exacerbation of coronary heart disease, but the prognostic value of this index is not fully assessed.&#x0D; AIM: The aim of this study was to examine a possible contribution of MPO to the atherosclerotic plaque development (the stable growth or the erosion and rupture) via the modification of HDL-p. That is to say we investigated the diagnostic values of measuring the total MPO (MPO-T), the active MPO (MPO-A) and the MPO/HDL-С relation in patients with hypertension and various forms of chronic coronary heart disease.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort under study included 44 patients with arterial hypertension and chronic coronary heart disease. All patients were divided into three groups according to the diagnosis: arterial hypertension without coronary heart disease (Group I, n = 20); arterial hypertension and the initially stable chronic coronary heart disease without acute complications in the anamnesis (Group II, n = 14); arterial hypertension and myocardial infarction (acute coronary syndrome) in the anamnesis (Group III, n = 10). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for MPO-T and specific immuno-extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) by fluorogenic substrate for MPO-A were applied. After that the ratio MPO-T/HDL-C or MPO-A/HDL-C was calculated.&#x0D; RESULTS: The MPO-A and MPO-A/HDL-C ratio were significantly increased in the group III of patients with old myocardial infarction as compared with the patients of group II who had the initially stable coronary heart disease (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively). Besides, the level of HDL-C in the group III was significantly reduced (p = 0.013). Our measurements revealed the negative correlation between MPO-A and HDL-C concentrations (r = 0.31; p 0.05), which is in line with the presumption of the study accomplished. Surprisingly, the correlation between MPO-T/HDL-C ratio and that MPO-A/HDL-C was stronger (r = 0.72; p 0.05), than between MPO-T and MPO-A (r = 0.36; p 0.05).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the importance of assessing MPO-T and MPO-A plasma concentrations and of calculating the ratio MPO/HDL-C as promising biomarkers in the complicated cases of chronic coronary heart disease. MPO-A and MPO-A/HDL-C values were elevated in the patients with old myocardial infarction, while the concentration of HDL-C remained decreased upon the transition from the acute to chronic phase of the disease.

Effect of Brain-Cor Injection of Ginkgo on the Hyperlipemia and Thrombosis: Fundamental Study

We have done this study to verify effects on the serum lipid content (TC, TG, HDL-C) in experimental model of hyperlipemia and on the blood coagulability in experimental model of thrombosis. Background: Female hormone preparation is limited in long term use because of hyperlipemia and thrombosis that are complications occurring in long term use of female hormone preparations for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, climacteric disorder, female genital organs tumor. Therefore to prevent complications such as hyperlipemia and thrombosis with female hormone preparation use are the acute problems not only for the effective treatment of gynecological diseases but also for the lowering of incidence rate of hypertension, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipemia and thrombosis. We made brain-cor injection of Ginkgo for the treatment of hyperlipemia and thrombosis that are complications occurring in long term use of female hormone preparations and verified its effects on the serum lipid content in experimental model of hyperlipemia and on the blood coagulability in experimental model of thrombosis. Objects and Materials: Wistar rats with 160~180 g in body weight were used as experimental animals, brain-cor injection of Ginkgo(70mg/20mL) made from Ginkgo extract that consists of flavonoid content above 24%, total lactone content above 6% and total ginkgolic acid content below 5μg/g was used as drugs. Methods: For 15 days brain-cor injection of Ginkgo 10mg/kg was injected in abdominal cavity of experimental model of hyperlipemia by tween-80, serum was separated from collected blood in orvita vein, serum TC (Total Cholesterol) content, serum TG (Triglyceride) content and serum HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol) content were examined with blood automatic biochemical analyzer and measurements were compared each other. For 15 days brain-cor injection of Ginkgo 10mg/kg was injected in abdominal cavity of experimental model of hyperlipemia and thromboplastin 0.5% 0.1mL/10g was injected on cauda vein in an hour after the last injection of Ginkgo. BT (Bleeding Time), CT (Clotting Time), APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) and PT (Prothrombin Time) were examined and measurements were compared each other. Results: Brain-cor injection of Ginkgo decreased serum TC and TG content and increased serum HDL-C content in experimental model of hyperlipemia. And brain-cor injection of Ginkgo prolonged BT, CT, APTT and PT significantly in experimental model of thrombosis.

Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gain-of-Function mPCSK9 Expression in the Mouse Induces Hypercholesterolemia, Monocytosis, Neutrophilia, and a Hypercoagulative State.

Hypercholesterolemia has previously been induced in the mouse by a single intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vector harboring gain-of-function pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Despite the recent emergence of the PCSK9-AAV model, the profile of hematological and coagulation parameters associated with it has yet to be characterized. We injected 1.0 × 1011 viral particles of mPCSK9-AAV or control AAV into juvenile male C57BL/6N mice and fed them with either a Western-type high-fat diet (HFD) or standard diet over the course of 3 weeks. mPCSK9-AAV mice on HFD exhibited greater plasma PCSK9 concentration and lower low-density lipoprotein levels, concomitant with increased total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL)-cholesterol concentrations, and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations than control mice. Furthermore, mPCSK9-AAV-injected mice on HFD exhibited no signs of atherosclerosis at 3 weeks after the AAV injection. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with a thromboinflammatory phenotype, as neutrophil levels, monocyte levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were higher and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs) was lower in HFD-fed mPCSK9-AAV mice. Therefore, the mPCSK9-AAV is a suitable model of hypercholesterolemia to examine the role of thromboinflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Effects of trans-anethole supplementation on serum lipid metabolism parameters, carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of breast muscle in broiler chickens

This study investigated the effects of trans-anethole (TA) supplementation on the carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of breast muscle in broilers. A total of 40 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments, respectively, fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg TA/kg diet for 42 d. 600 mg/kg of TA supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) serum triglycerides (TG) on d 21 and d 42, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration on d 21, but increased (P < 0.01) serum HDL-C concentration on d 42. Dietary supplementation of TA increased (P < 0.01) the half chamber rate (HCR) and eviscerated rate (ER) of broilers. The drip loss (storing 24 and 48 h) and cooking loss of breast muscle in 600 mg/kg TA groups were lower (P < 0.05) than those in control group. The concentration of palmitoleic acid, daturic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-Linolenic acid, eicostrienoic acid, and pentosapentanoic acid (EPA), MUFA, and PUFA in the breast muscle were higher (P < 0.05) in the 600 mg/kg of TA group compared with other groups. Dietary inclusion of 600 mg/kg of TA also increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of Met, Thr, Asp, Ser, and Glu in breast muscle, tended to increase (P = 0.069) the Lys concentration. In conclusion, results indicated that TA inclusion improved the lipid metabolism, meat quality, fatty acid composition, and amino acid profile of breast muscle in broilers.

The Long-term Effect of Different Exercise Intensities on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Older Men and Women Using the Per Protocol Approach: The Generation 100 Study.

ObjectiveTo examine whether 5 years of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration more than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and control (CON) in older men and women.MethodsA total of 1567 older adults (790 [50.4%] women) were randomized (2:1:1) to either CON (n=780; asked to follow the national recommendations for physical activity) or 2 weekly sessions of HIIT (10-minute warm-up followed by 4×4-minute intervals at ∼90% of peak heart rate) or MICT (50 minutes of continuous work at ∼70% of peak heart rate). Serum HDL-C concentration was measured by standard procedures at baseline and at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years. The study took place between August 21, 2012, and June 31, 2018. Linear mixed models were used to determine between-group differences during 5 years using the per protocol approach.ResultsMen in HIIT had a smaller reduction in HDL-C (−1.2%) than men in CON (−6.9%) and MICT (−7.8%) after 5 years (P=.01 and P=.03 for CON vs HIIT and MICT vs HIIT, respectively). No effect of exercise intensity on HDL-C was seen in women. Changes in peak oxygen uptake were associated with changes in HDL-C in both men and women, whereas changes in body weight and fat mass were not.ConclusionIn men, HIIT seems to be the best strategy to prevent a decline in HDL-C during a 5-year period. No effect of exercise intensity was seen for older women.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01666340.

Prognostic Value of Leucocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratios in COVID-19 Patients and the Diabetes Subgroup.

BackgroundBlood parameters, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, have been identified as reliable inflammatory markers with diagnostic and predictive value for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, novel hematological parameters derived from high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) have rarely been studied as indicators for the risk of poor outcomes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of these novel biomarkers in COVID-19 patients and the diabetes subgroup.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study involving all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from January to March 2020 in five hospitals in Wuhan, China. Demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, and outcomes were recorded. Neutrophil to HDL-C ratio (NHR), monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR), lymphocyte to HDL-C ratio (LHR), and platelet to HDL-C ratio (PHR) were investigated and compared in both the overall population and the subgroup with diabetes. The associations between blood parameters at admission with primary composite end-point events (including mechanical ventilation, admission to the intensive care unit, or death) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the utility of different blood parameters.ResultsOf 440 patients with COVID-19, 67 (15.2%) were critically ill. On admission, HDL-C concentration was decreased while NHR was high in patients with critical compared with non-critical COVID-19, and were independently associated with poor outcome as continuous variables in the overall population (HR: 0.213, 95% CI 0.090–0.507; HR: 1.066, 95% CI 1.030–1.103, respectively) after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, when HDL-C and NHR were examined as categorical variables, the HRs and 95% CIs for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 were 0.280 (0.128–0.612) and 4.458 (1.817–10.938), respectively. Similar results were observed in the diabetes subgroup. ROC curves showed that the NHR had good performance in predicting worse outcomes. The cutoff point of the NHR was 5.50. However, the data in our present study could not confirm the possible predictive effect of LHR, MHR, and PHR on COVID-19 severity.ConclusionLower HDL-C concentrations and higher NHR at admission were observed in patients with critical COVID-19 than in those with noncritical COVID-19, and were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients as well as in the diabetes subgroup.

Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum saponin on hyperglycemia, gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mice

Diabetes is a global disease that endangers human health. As reported, saponins are effective bioactive compounds for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and have nontoxic side effects. This study aimed to examine the hypoglycemic effects of Polygonatum sibiricum saponin (PSS) on T2DM mice. We found that PSS could significantly decrease the levels of insulin secretion and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in T2DM mice. And the level of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood was decreased. In contrast, the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to evaluate the changes in the gut microbiota of T2DM mice, and metabolites were analyzed by metabolomic profiling. The results showed that PSS could decrease the abundance of Firmicutes in T2DM mice, increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes. It also increased the abundance of some bacterial genera (Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Intestinimonas). The phenotypes of the gut microbiome also changed accordingly. Metabolomics analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolisms, such as L-alanine and L-glutamic acid, were greatly affected by PSS. In addition, the levels of inositol and chlorogenic acid in metabolites also increased significantly under PSS intervention. In general, PSS could exert its hypoglycemic effect, regulate the gut microbiota and affect the metabolism of T2DM mice.

Postprandial dyslipidemia after a standardized high-fat meal in BMI-matched healthy individuals, and in subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes

A relationship between postprandial hyperlipidemia and glucose homeostasis/cardiovascular diseases has been suggested. We investigated postprandial plasma lipid patterns after a standardized high-fat meal and their association with glucose homeostasis and subclinical atherosclerosis. Using matching by BMI, 32 healthy individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 21 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 20 subjects with drug-naïve type 2 diabetes (T2D) were enrolled. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein-B (ApoB), ApoB48, ApoB100, glucose, and insulin at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8h after a standardized meal (1041.03kcal with 70.99g of fat) were measured. Body composition, abdominal visceral fat area, and resting energy expenditure (REE) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, and indirect calorimetry, respectively. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) were used to detect subclinical atherosclerosis. Baseline data and area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentrations of TGs, ApoB, and ApoB48 in the IGT and T2D groups were higher than in the NGT group. The peak TG concentrations after the meal was observed at 5h in subjects with IGT and T2D, while healthy subjects showed the highest concentrations at 4h. In multivariable analysis, high abdominal visceral fat area and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations were independently associated with the AUCTG and AUCApoB after adjusting for confounders including baseline TG and the REE. High LDL-cholesterol and high HbA1c concentrations were also associated with the AUCApoB. Furthermore, high AUCTG and AUCApoB values were independent factors for an increased carotid IMT and a low ABI after adjusting for relevant variables. Abdominal visceral obesity and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased post load excursions of TGs and ApoB in this series. These elevated concentrations of TGs and ApoB were linked with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Positive Effects of Exercise Intervention without Weight Loss and Dietary Changes in NAFLD-Related Clinical Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

One of the focuses of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment is exercise. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise without dietary changes on NAFLD-related clinical parameters (liver parameters, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites) were screened using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on 13 February 2020. Meta-analyses were performed on 10 studies with 316 individuals who had NAFLD across three exercise regimens: aerobic exercise, resistance training, and a combination of both. No studies investigating the role of gut microbiota and exercise in NAFLD were found. A quality assessment via the (RoB)2 tool was conducted and potential publication bias, statistical outliers, and influential cases were identified. Overall, exercise without significant weight loss significantly reduced the intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content (SMD: −0.76, 95% CI: −1.04, −0.48) and concentrations of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) (SMD: −0.52, 95% CI: −0.90, −0.14), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) (SMD: −0.68, 95% CI: −1.21, −0.15), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.66, −0.02), and triglycerides (TG) (SMD: −0.59, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.02). The concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were non-significantly altered. Aerobic exercise alone significantly reduced IHL, ALT, and AST; resistance training alone significantly reduced TC and TG; a combination of both exercise types significantly reduced IHL. To conclude, exercise overall likely had a beneficial effect on alleviating NAFLD without significant weight loss. The study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020221168 and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813781.

Зміни ліпідного обміну у хворих на ревматоїдний артрит із супутньою артеріальною гіпертензією, абдомінальним ожирінням та цукровим діабетом типу 2 залежно від поліморфізму гена T-786С ендотеліальної оксиду азоту синтази

Досліджено порушення ліпідних параметрів крові у хворих на ревматоїдний артрит (РА) у поєднанні з артеріальною гіпертензією (АГ), абдомінальним ожирінням (АО) та цукровим діабетом типу 2 (ЦД 2) залежно від поліморфізму гена T-786C ендотеліальної оксиду азоту синтази (eNOS). Матеріал і методи. Етап скринінгу пройшли 60 хворих на ревматоїдний артрит із АГ, АО та ЦД 2 та 20 практично здорових осіб. Поліморфізм гена eNOS (rs2070744) визначали методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції, а при оцінюванні ліпідного профілю брали до уваги наявність коморбідних станів. Результати. Проведене дослідження показало, що перебіг РА супроводжувався дисліпідемією: рівень загального холестерину (ЗХС), вищий від популяційної норми, наявний у 61,67 % пацієнтів, холестерину ліпопротеїнів низької щільності — майже в кожного другого (45,0 %), тригліцеридів (ТГ) — у 80,0 % осіб, а рівень холестерину ліпопротеїнів високої щільності (ХС ЛПВЩ), навпаки, був нижчим від норми у 2/3 пацієнтів (65,0 %). Типування дисліпідемій засвідчує наявність майже в половини хворих (45,0 %) змішаного ІІb типу за D. Fredrickson, у кожного третього (35,0 %) — ендогенної гіперліпідемії ІV типу (гіпертригліцеридемії). Висновки. Зміни ліпідного обміну з урахуванням поліморфних варіантів гена eNOS (rs2070744) асоціюються з вищим рівнем ТГ у носіїв мутантної С-алелі — на 81,71 % (рТТ = 0,04) і 36,58 % (рТТ = 0,015), а також більшою частотою осіб із рівнем ЗХС, вищим від популяційної норми, серед носіїв СС-генотипу — на 75,0 % (р = 0,005). Натомість серед носіїв дикої Т-алелі частіше наявні особи з нижчим вмістом антиатерогенного ХС ЛПВЩ — на 31,04 % (р = 0,018) і 30,44 % (р = 0,039) та хворі із вищим рівнем ТГ — на 51,72 % (р &lt; 0,001) і 56,52 % (р &lt; 0 ,001) відповідно.

Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and bile acids on the growth, lipid metabolism, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei: Sparing effect of bile acids on cholesterol in shrimp diets

Cholesterol (CHO) is an expensive essential nutrient for shrimp and bile acids (BA) are emulsifiers responsible for lipid absorption in vertebrates. This study was carried out to investigate the interactive effects of dietary CHO and BA on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei and explore the sparing effect of BA on CHO in shrimp diets. Shrimp with average initial weight of 1.27 ± 0.18 g were fed with diets containing three levels of CHO (0.15, 0.2 and 0.3% of diet) with three levels of bile acid (0, 0.02 and 0.03% of diet, as a 3 × 3 experimental design) for 56 days. The growth performance of L. vannamei increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CHO and BA levels, and BA could exert CHO-sparing effects in shrimp diets. Both dietary CHO and BA significantly affected serum biochemical indexes (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and increased hepatopancreatic protease and lipase activities in L. vannamei (P < 0.05). The interaction between dietary CHO and BA was observed for lipase activity in hepatopancreas as well as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents in serum (P < 0.05). Only BA supplementation significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content) of hepatopancreas in L. vannamei (P < 0.05). The immune assay showed that at each CHO level, dietary 0.3% BA could promote antibacterial activity in plasma and the expression of immune-related genes (Imd and Relish) in intestine compared with L. vannamei without BA supplementation. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial diversity and richness, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and functional genes associated with lipid metabolism all increased with increasing dietary CHO and BA levels.