High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations Research Articles

Dietary polyphenols, metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors: An observational study based on the DCH-NG subcohort

Background and aimsPolyphenol-rich foods have beneficial properties that may lower cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between intakes of dietary polyphenols, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, in 676 Danish residents from the MAX study, a subcohort of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health–Next Generations (DCH-NG) cohort. Methods and resultsDietary data were collected using web-based 24-h dietary recalls over one year (at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months). The Phenol-Explorer database was used to estimate dietary polyphenol intake. Clinical variables were also collected at the same time point. Generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate relationships between polyphenol intake and MetS. Participants had a mean age of 43.9y, a mean total polyphenol intake of 1368 mg/day, and 75 (11.6%) had MetS at baseline. Compared to individuals with MetS in Q1 and after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle and dietary confounders, those in Q4 – for total polyphenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids–had a 50% [OR (95% CI): 0.50 (0.27, 0.91)], 51% [0.49 (0.26, 0.91)] and 45% [0.55 (0.30, 1.00)] lower odds of MetS, respectively. Higher total polyphenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids intakes as continuous variable were associated with lower risk for elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p < 0.05). ConclusionsTotal polyphenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid intakes were associated with lower odds of MetS. These intakes were also consistently and significantly associated with a lower risk for higher SBP and lower HDL-c concentrations.

Relation between socioeconomic status and maternal serum lipids to infant lipid concentrations and anthropometry in the first year of life.

The physical health and development of an individual are influenced by multiple parameters and shaped by internal and external factors during pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether there is an association between maternal lipid concentrations in the third trimester of pregnancy and infant serum lipids as well as anthropometric growth, and whether these factors are influenced by the socioeconomic status (SES) of the mothers. Between 2011 and 2021, 982 mother-child pairs were recruited in the LIFE-Child study. To investigate the influence of prenatal factors, pregnant women at the 24th and 36th week of gestation as well as children at the age of 3, 6 and 12months were examined and serum lipids determined. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the validated Winkler Index. A higher maternal BMI was associated with a significantly lower Winkler score and a higher infant weight, height, head circumference and BMI from birth up to the 4th-5th week of life. In addition, the Winkler Index correlates with maternal HDL cholesterol and ApoA1 levels. There was no relation between the delivery mode and the maternal BMI or SES. For the maternal HDL cholesterol concentration in the third trimester, an inverse relation to children's height, weight, head circumference and BMI up to the first year of life as well as the chest and abdominal circumference to an age of 3months was found. Children born to mothers with dyslipidemia in pregnancy tended to have a worse lipid profile than those born to normolipidemic mothers. Serum lipid concentrations and anthropometric parameters of children in the first year of life are affected by multiple factors like maternal BMI, lipid levels and SES.

Epigenome-wide association study of plasma lipids in West Africans: the RODAM study.

DNA-methylation has been associated with plasma lipid concentration in populations of diverse ethnic backgrounds, but epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in West-Africans are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify DNA-methylation loci associated with plasma lipids in Ghanaians. We conducted an EWAS using Illumina 450k DNA-methylation array profiles of extracted DNA from 663 Ghanaian participants. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were examined for association with plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and technical covariates. Findings were replicated in independent cohorts of different ethnicities. We identified one significantly associated DMP with triglycerides (cg19693031 annotated to TXNIP, regression coefficient beta-0.26, false discovery rate adjusted p-value 0.001), which replicated in-silico in South African Batswana, African American, and European populations. From the top five DMPs with the lowest nominal p-values, two additional DMPs for triglycerides (CPT1A, ABCG1), two DMPs for LDL-cholesterol (EPSTI1, cg13781819), and one for TC (TXNIP) replicated. With the exception of EPSTI1, these loci are involved in lipid transport/metabolism or are known GWAS-associated loci. The top 5 DMPs per lipid trait explained 9.5% in the variance of TC, 8.3% in LDL-cholesterol, 6.1% in HDL-cholesterol, and 11.0% in triglycerides. The top DMPs identified in this study are in loci that play a role in lipid metabolism across populations, including West-Africans. Future studies including larger sample size, longitudinal study design and translational research is needed to increase our understanding on the epigenetic regulation of lipid metabolism among West-African populations. European Commission under the Framework Programme (grant number: 278901).

Abstract P551: Genetic Variants in the Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Objective: Genetic variants in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1( ABCA1 ) is associated with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Higher HDL cholesterol concentrations are observationally and genetically associated with higher risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, whether amino acid changing genetic variants in ABCA1 associated with high HDL cholesterol concentrations confer a higher risk of AMD in the general population is currently unknown. We tested this hypothesis. Methods: We genotyped all amino acid changing ABCA1 variants with a minor allele frequency above 0.002, measured plasma HDL cholesterol and other plasma lipids, and used Cox regression to assess risk of AMD. We created an HDL cholesterol weighted allele score and tested the association with risk of AMD on a continuous scale and in tertiles. Further, we performed mediation analyses. Main outcome measures: 1,554 AMD events. Median follow-up of 10 years. Results: Of 90,344 study participants, 55% were women. Median age was 58 (interquartile range: 47-67) years. On a continuous scale, higher concentrations of genetically determined HDL cholesterol were associated with higher risk of all-cause AMD, dry AMD, and wet AMD both in an age- and sex adjusted model and in a multivariable adjusted model (See Figure). The ABCA1 allele score for the third versus the first tertile was associated with HRs (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 1.30 (1.14-1.49) for all-cause AMD, 1.26 (1.06-1.50) for dry AMD, and 1.31 (1.12-1.53) for wet AMD in a multivariable adjusted model. 6-8% of the effect was mediated through HDL cholesterol. There was no interaction between weighted allele score tertiles and confounding factors on risk of AMD. Conclusions: Amino acid changing genetic variants in ABCA1 which were associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, were also associated with higher risk of AMD, both on a weighted allele score continuously and when divided into tertiles.

Petroselinic Acid from Dietary Triacylglycerols Reduces the Concentration of Arachidonic Acid in Tissue Lipids of Rats

Studies in vitro have revealed that triacylglycerols containing petroselinoyl [18:1(n-12)] moieties are hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase at much lower rates than other triacylglycerols. To assess the lipolysis and absorption in vivo of such unusual triacylglycerols, diets containing 120 g seed oil triacylglycerols of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) per kg diet at a level of 72 g 18:1(n-12) moieties/100 g oil were fed to a group of weaned male Wistar rats without restriction for a period of 10 wk. For comparison, groups of rats were fed similar isocaloric diets containing plant oil triacylglycerols with various levels of oleoyl [18:1(n-9)] moieties, e.g., high oleic sunflower seed oil [75 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil], olive oil [(66 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil], medium oleic rapeseed oil [54 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil] and conventional high linoleic sunflower seed oil [25 g 18:1(n-9)/100 g oil]. All diets were supplemented with 20 g corn oil/kg diet. Consumption of coriander oil, compared with the other oils, led to significantly greater liver weights. No significant differences were observed among the groups fed various levels of oleic acid in body weight, the weights of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen or testes, lipid content of heart, or total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations of blood plasma. Ingestion of coriander oil led to incorporation of 18:1(n-12) into heart, liver and blood lipids and to a significant reduction in the concentration of arachidonic acid in the lipids of heart, liver and blood with a concomitant increase in the concentration of linoleic acid compared with results for the other groups. Our data show that petroselinic acid from dietary triacylglycerols is absorbed by rats as readily as oleic acid, but the former reduces the concentration of arachidonic acid in tissue lipids.

Apolipoprotein mRNA in Liver and Intestine of Rats is Affected by Dietary Beet Fiber or Cholestyramine

Rats were fed a cholesterol-free diet with no added fiber (fiber-free) or with 15 g/100 g beet fiber or 5 g/100 g cholestyramine for 14 d. Final plasma total cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in rats fed beet fiber than in those fed fiber-free or cholestyramine diets. This difference was due mainly to lower HDL cholesterol concentrations. The group fed beet fiber also tended (P < 0.1) to have lower apolipoprotein A-I concentration in plasma. Northern blot analysis revealed that the relative concentrations of jejunal apolipoprotein A-I and A-IV mRNA were the same in all groups, whereas ileal apolipoprotein A-I and A-IV mRNA levels were significantly lower in rats fed beet fiber or cholestyramine than in those fed the fiber-free diet. Hepatic apolipoprotein E mRNA concentrations were the same in all groups, but apolipoprotein A-I mRNA levels were significantly lower in rats fed beet fiber than in those fed the other diets. Apolipoprotein A-IV mRNA tended (P < 0.1) to be lower in rats fed the beet fiber diet. These data suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary beet fiber is associated with diminished expression of the hepatic apolipoprotein A-I gene.

Glycemic index and heart disease , ,

A diet high in carbohydrates with high glycemic indexes (GI) and glycemic load were linked to risk of coronary heart disease development in women in a large prospective study. Two cross-sectional studies showed that low-GI diets are associated with high HDL-cholesterol concentrations, especially in women. In a tightly controlled study of patients with type 2 diabetes, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations fell more significantly after a low-GI diet than after a high-GI diet. In the same study, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations were reduced by 58% after the low-GI diet. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes was significantly higher in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery after 4 wk of consuming a low-GI diet than after consuming a high-GI diet. The effects of low-GI diets may be mediated by changes in postprandial fatty acid concentrations or by hormonal signals from adipocytes, but a possible association of low-GI diets with some other dietary factor such as chromium must not be excluded. Proof of the clinical value of low-GI diets awaits prospective trials, which should include short-term observations covering periods of metabolic stress induced by surgery as well as long-term trials with clinical endpoints.

Effects of roxadustat on anemia, iron metabolism, and lipid metabolism in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease.

We determined the effects of roxadustat on the values of anemia, iron metabolism, renal function, proteinuria, and lipid metabolism and identified the associated factors of the change in hemoglobin levels after roxadustat administration in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were receiving an erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA). We conducted retrospective analysis of the changes in hemoglobin, serum ferritin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride levels; transferrin saturation; the estimated glomerular filtration rate; and the urinary protein/creatinine ratio over 24 weeks after the change from an ESA to roxadustat in 50 patients with non-dialysis CKD and anemia (roxadustat group). Seventy-two patients with non-dialysis CKD and anemia who proceeded ESA therapy were used as the control (ESA) group. We observed no significant between-group differences in clinical parameters at baseline except for the significantly lower hemoglobin concentration and lower proportion of diabetes mellitus in the roxadustat group. The hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the roxadustat group after 24 weeks (11.3 ± 1.2 versus 10.3 ± 1.0 g/dL; value of p < 0.05), whereas the transferrin saturation, ferritin concentration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were not different between the two groups. TC (135.9 ± 40.0 versus 165.3 ± 38.4 mg/dL; value of p < 0.05), LDL-C (69.1 ± 28.3 versus 87.2 ± 31.5 mg/dL; value of p < 0.05), HDL-C (41.4 ± 13.5 versus 47.2 ± 15.3 mg/dL; value of p < 0.05), and triglyceride concentrations (101.5 ± 52.7 versus 141.6 ± 91.4 mg/dL, value of p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the roxadustat group compared with the ESA group at 24 weeks. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the roxadustat dose at baseline (standard coefficient [β] = 0.280, value of p = 0.043) was correlated with the change in the hemoglobin levels during the first 4 weeks of roxadustat treatment, whereas age (β = 0.319, value of p = 0.017) and the roxadustat dose at 24 weeks (β = -0.347, value of p = 0.010) were correlated with the hemoglobin concentration after 24 weeks of roxadustat administration. Roxadustat can improve anemia and reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in non-dialysis CKD patients after the patients' treatment was switched from an ESA without affecting renal function or proteinuria. These results indicate that roxadustat has superior effects to ESAs regarding anemia and lipid metabolism at the dose selected for the comparison in patients with non-dialysis CKD.

Postprandial Lipid Response Following a High Fat Meal in Rats Adapted to Dietary Fiber

Rats were adapted to diets containing 5 g/100 g cellulose (CL), 5 g/100 g oat bran fiber (OB) or 5 g/100 g psyllium husk (Psy) for 4 wk. Following a 12-h fast, animals were either killed at 0 h (baseline) or fed 4.5 g of a test meal that provided 50% energy from fat, then killed at 1, 4 or 6 h postprandially. Fasting plasma and HDL cholesterol concentrations were lower in Psy-fed animals than in rats fed either CL or OB. Plasma triglycerides increased significantly from baseline (0 h) in all groups but did not differ among diet treatments. Increases in triglyceride content of the chylomicron/VLDL fraction occurred in the CL- and OB-fed groups and in the HDL fraction of the Psy-fed group during the postprandial period. In unfed animals the hepatic and intestinal levels of apolipoprotein A-IV mRNA were higher in the CL-fed group than in the groups fed OB and Psy. Apolipoprotein B mRNA was higher in the intestine of the OB-fed group than in the groups fed CL and Psy and had a significant gradient along the small intestine, increasing in the distal third. The results suggest that chronic consumption of fiber is less likely to modify the acute plasma triglyceride response to a fat-containing test meal than if a fiber supplement is incorporated into the meal.

Pea Fiber Lowers Fasting and Postprandial Blood Triglyceride Concentrations in Humans ,

The effect of a pea cell wall fiber preparation with a high content of soluble fiber on fasting and postprandial blood lipids was investigated in young healthy subjects. Inclusion of 33 g pea fiber product/10 MJ (20 g dietary fiber) in a low fiber diet was tested in five men and six women (mean age 23 y) in a strictly controlled randomized cross-over intervention study over 2 wk separated by a 2-wk period of habitual diet consumption. No significant differences in fasting concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol or HDL cholesterol were observed, whereas total and VLDL triglyceride concentrations were lower when subjects consumed the pea fiber diet compared with the low fiber diet (P < 0.05). Postprandial response to pea fiber was studied in eight men. Addition of 12 g pea fiber product/ 10 MJ to a breakfast meal and 15 g/10 MJ to the following lunch meal resulted in significantly lower total triglyceride (P = 0.01), chylomicron triglyceride (P = 0.03) and insulin (P = 0.003) concentrations after the lunch meal compared with results following the same meal without pea fiber. No differences were observed in glycemic response. In conclusion, this source of dietary fiber lowered fasting and postprandial triglyceride concentrations but did not change fasting cholesterol concentrations.

Short-Term Dietary Calcium Fortification Increases Fecal Saturated Fat Content and Reduces Serum Lipids in Men

The effect of dietary calcium on fecal fatty acid excretion and serum lipids was tested in a randomized, single-blind metabolic study in 13 healthy men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. A low calcium base diet containing 34% of energy from fat, 13% from saturated fatty acids, 240 mg cholesterol/d and 410 mg Ca/d was compared with a fortified version in which calcium citrate malate was added to orange juice, (550 mg) muffins (750 mg), and two tablets (500 mg) for a total calcium intake of 2200 mg/d. Fecal collections (72 h, d 8, 9, 10) and blood from fasting subjects for lipids and lipoproteins (d 9, 10, 11) were obtained. The percentage of dietary saturated fat excreted per day increased from 6 to 13% with calcium fortification. There was no change in fecal bile acid excretion. The high Ca diet significantly reduced total cholesterol 6% (5.99 to 5.66 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol 11% (4.13 to 3.67 mmol/L), and apolipoprotein B concentrations 7% when compared with the low Ca diet (P < 0.05). There was no change in HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein A1 concentrations. Urinary calcium excretion increased from 146 to 230 mg/d when the high Ca diet was consumed. Calcium fortification was effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol concentrations and may be an effective adjunct to cholesterol-lowering diet therapy.

Dietary Grape Seed Tannins Affect Lipoproteins, Lipoprotein Lipases and Tissue Lipids in Rats Fed Hypercholesterolemic Diets , ,

The effects of monomeric and polymeric grape seed tannins on rat plasma lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase and aortic and hepatic lipid concentration were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a normal diet (with no added cholesterol and no tannins), a control diet (hypercholesterolemic diet) or hypercholesterolemic diets supplemented with 2% tannin monomers or 2% polymers 3 or 9 wk. Plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL concentrations were significantly higher and the HDL cholesterol concentration lower in controls and in rats fed the diet supplemented with monomers compared with rats fed polymeric tannins at both time points. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were significantly higher in control and in monomer-fed groups than in the polymer-fed group. Hepatic and aortic cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly higher in control rats and those fed monomers than in the polymer-fed group. Moreover, plasma HDL cholesterol and hepatic lipase activity were closely associated with low aortic cholesterol and triacylglycerol in rats fed polymeric tannins. These rats also exhibited greater fecal excretion of cholesterol and especially bile acids than the control or monomer-fed groups. Thus dietary grape seed tannins have a pronounced anti-hypercholesterolemic effect by enhancing reverse cholesterol transport and also by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption and increasing bile acid excretion.

Plasma Total and Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Liver Cholesterol and Fecal Cholesterol Excretion in Hamsters Fed Fiber Diets

The effect of dietary fibers on plasma lipids, liver cholesterol and fecal cholesterol excretion was investigated in hamsters. Male 9- to 11-wk-old Golden-Syrian hamsters (n = 155) were fed a purified hypercholesterolemic diet (0.1% cholesterol, 10% fat) for 5 wk to elevate plasma lipid concentrations. Sixteen animals with elevated plasma total cholesterol were randomly assigned to each treatment group: control, oat bran, guar gum, cellulose, xylan and terminal groups. After 4 wk of fiber diet consumption, the plasma total cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in the oat bran, guar gum and xylan groups (16, 12 and 15%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Plasma HDL cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased only in the guar gum group (12%) (P < 0.05). The combined plasma VLDL+LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly lowered by the oat bran, xylan and cellulose diets (38, 34 and 40%, respectively) (P < 0.05). After 4 wk of control diet consumption, the liver cholesterol concentration quadrupled to 10.6 mumol cholesterol/g liver (P < 0.05). After 4 wk of consumption of the treatment diets, liver cholesterol was further increased (P < 0.05) only in the cellulose group, to 14.5 mumol cholesterol/g liver. The total fecal cholesterol excretion was the highest (P < 0.05) in the oat bran group. In the present study, oat bran, guar gum and xylan were effective hypocholesterolemic agents in hamsters.

Application evaluation of linseed oil as a substitute for fish oil in the commercial diet for juvenile Portunus trituberculatus

Vegetable oil (VO) is increasingly replacing fish oil (FO) in the commercial diet of crustaceans, partly due to a global shortage of FO. But little is known about how different amounts of substitution affect the health and metabolism of crustaceans. A six-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluated the effects of different replacement levels of FO with linseed oil (LO) on growth performance, antioxidant and digestive capacity and fatty acid metabolism in swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (480 g kg−1 protein and 120 g kg−1 lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels of LO, and FO was replaced with LO at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that 50% of FO could be replaced by LO without affecting the growth performance and feed utilization for juvenile swimming crab. In hemolymph, 100% dietary replacement of FO with LO, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) exhibited significantly higher than those fed the other diets, the concentrations of triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased with increase of dietary replacement of FO with LO, which may lead to hyperlipidemia in swimming crabs. The number of R cells and their lipid droplets in hepatopancreas gradually increased with increase of replacement of FO with LO, the results confirmed the occurrence of lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas. The activities of glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in hepatopancreas significantly decreased with increase of replacement of FO with LO, and crabs fed diet with 50% replacement of FO with LO had higher activities of trypsin and lipase (LPS) than those fed the other diets. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), n-3/n-6 PUFA in hepatopancreas and muscle significantly decreased with the increase of substitution level of FO with LO. Moreover, the expression of genes related to LC-PUFA synthesis as well as fatty acid β-oxidation, such as elongase 4 (elovl4), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-α (hnf4α), retinoid X receptor (rxr), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (cpt2) and acyl-CoA oxidase (acox2), were down-regulated with increase of dietary replacement of FO with LO. In conclusion, it is suggested that the optimal substitution ratio of LO for FO should be less than 50% in the diet of Portunus trituberculatus.

Impact of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on laying performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, and follicular development of laying hens

Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) has been widely planted and commonly used as ruminant forage source after fermentation in China. Very less information is available to know the impact of fermented BP on laying hens, thus, we have investigated effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented B. papyrifera (LfBP) on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, and follicular development of laying hens. A total of 288 HY-Line Brown hens (age, 23 wk) were randomly assigned into 3 treatment groups: control group (Con, a basal diet), LfBP1 and LfBP5 group (a basal diet supplemented with 1% or 5% LfBP). Each group has 8 replicates of twelve birds each. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of LfBP increased average daily feed intake (linear, P < 0.05), feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05), and average egg weight (linear, P < 0.05) during the entire experimental period. In addition, dietary inclusion of LfBP enhanced the egg yolk color (linear, P < 0.01) but decreased the eggshell weight (quadratic, P < 0.05) and eggshell thickness (linear, P < 0.01). In serum, the LfBP supplementation linearly decreased the content of total triglyceride (linear, P < 0.01) but increased the content of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (linear, P < 0.05). The gene expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) was down-regulated whereas liver X receptor was up-regulated in LfBP1 group. Moreover, LfBP1 supplementation remarkably reduced the F1 follicle number and ovarian gene expression of reproductive hormone receptors including estrogen receptor, follicle stimulating hormone receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, progesterone receptor, prolactin receptor, and B cell lymphoma-2. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of LfBP could improve feed intake, egg yolk color, and lipid metabolism, but may cause a decline in eggshell quality with higher inclusion level, herein, 1% is suggested.

Influence of Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Monodora tenuifolia Seed Extract on Blood Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Male Wistar Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by either the total destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin for the uptake of glucose from the circulation or as a result of the inability of body cells to respond to the presence of insulin in the blood. The present study investigated the effect of a flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract (FFMTSE) on blood parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6). Group 1: normal control rats, Group 2: rats + FFMTSE (25 mg/kgbwt), Group 3: rats + FFMTSE (50 mg/kgbwt), Group 4: diabetic control rats, Group 5: diabetic rats + FFMTSE (25 mg/kgbwt), Group 6: diabetic rats + FFMTSE (50 mg/kgbwt), and Group 7: diabetic rats + Metformin. The assessment of the lipid profile, kidney functions (urea and creatinine), and cardiac biomarkers (LDH and CK-MB) were carried out in the plasma using established protocols. The results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, urea, and creatinine, as well as in cardiac enzyme activities in diabetic rats. However, the administration of the FFMTSE significantly improved the observed biochemical parameters. In addition, an increased concentration of HDL-cholesterol concentration was observed in the diabetic rats upon treatment with FFMTSE. These findings indicate that FFMTSE could be a potent anti-nephropathy and anti-cardiomyopathy agent in diabetic conditions.

Atherogenic dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among hypertensive patients of five health facilities in Northeast Ethiopia.

One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is atherogenic dyslipidemia. There was, however, little information available in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia and related risk factors in Northeast Ethiopian hypertension patients. A systematic random sampling technique was used to perform a cross-sectional study at an institution with 384 chosen participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the respondents. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson's Chi-square test were employed to compare groups based on the type of data. Furthermore, Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with dyslipidemia. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were computed. In all cases, statistical significance was declared at p <0.05. The majority (93.2%; 95%CI: 90.6-95.6) of patients had at least one atherogenic dyslipidemia. The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated triglyceride (TG), raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were 47.7%, 50.3%, 44.3%, and 59.6%, respectively. Being≥ 40 years were at higher risk for having elevated levels of TC (AOR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.40-4.32), TG (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.61-3.79), and LDL-c (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 2.0-10.95) than those who were below 40years. Obese participants were more likely to have high concentrations of TC (AOR: 2.57, 95%CI: 2.10-3.22), LDL-c (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.97-5.10), HDL-c (AOR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.77-4.58), and TG (AOR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.79-4.16). This study revealed that a high prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Thus, to prevent atherogenic dyslipidemia, it is crucial to create routine blood lipid testing programs and carry out suitable intervention programs focused on risk factor reduction.

Circadian rhythm parameters and physical activity associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREVIEW lifestyle study

The aim of this study was an assessment of post hoc associations among circadian rhythm parameters, physical activity (PA), and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity and prediabetes after 3 years of weight loss maintenance. Circadian rhythm parameters (continuous wrist-temperature measurements), PA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined in 91 free-living participants (mean [SD], age=56.6 [10] years; BMI =28.2 [4.0]; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]=3.2 [3.1]) and in 38 participants in sedentary respiration chamber conditions (age=56.6[10] years; BMI=28.5[4.0]; HOMA-IR=3.3 [1.4]). Associations of circadian rhythm parameters and PA with cardiometabolic risk factors were determined using factor analyses followed by Pearson correlations. Values of cardiometabolic risk factors were similar, whereas circadian rhythm parameters and PA differed significantly (p < 0.05) between conditions. In both conditions, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm associated inversely with CRP and positively with plasma HDL-C concentrations. In free-living conditions, PA associated inversely with SBP and HR and positively with HDL-C and robust circadian rhythm parameters. In sedentary conditions, PA associated positively with HR and inversely with robust circadian rhythm parameters. PA mediated the inverse association of parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm with SBP in free-living conditions. In adults with obesity and prediabetes, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm were, independently of PA, associated with lower cardiometabolic risk and CRP. Only in free-living conditions, PA mediated the association of higher circadian stability with lower SBP.

Effect of Motor Competence and Health-Related Fitness in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Purpose: In the last decades we have seen an increase in sedentary behaviors and a decrease in physical activity in children when compared to past generations. This lifestyle is commonly associated with the development of clustering risk factors that define metabolic syndrome (MetS). Knowing that motor competence (MC) development can influence lifelong physical activity habits, it is reasonable to assume that children’s MC will directly link to clustered cardiometabolic health outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of MC in MetS risk factors. Methods: Seventy children with a mean age of 7.49 (SD = 1.28) years were evaluated on motor competence (MCA—Motor Competence Assessment instrument), cardiovascular fitness (PACER test), upper body strength (UBS; handgrip), and the components of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, low concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose. The composite value of MetS was calculated according to Burns et al. (2017). Multiple standard regressions were performed to explore the effect of different variables on MetS. Motor competence and health-related fitness (cardiovascular fitness and relative upper body strength) were used as independent variables (predictors) and MetS as dependent variable. Results: Overall, the results showed that motor competence (β = −.072; p < .05) is a significant predictor and this model explained 7,1% of the variance in MetS. Conclusion: Although more studies are needed, our results indicate that MC seems to have a positive role in children’s health markers.

Protective role of Pomegranate (punica granatam L.) juice in inhibition liver toxicity induced by amikacin in white Newzealad Rabbits

In present study, aminoglycosides as amikacin, was proved to induce alterations in the liver of experimental animals. The aim present study is to investigate the effect of amikacin on rabbit liver which is commonly used in infections resistant to other antibiotics and study treated and protective effect of Pomegranate juice(Punica granatum L.), which antibiotic inhibit &amp; decrease liver toxic formed by amikacin in males and females white rabbits by measuring some of the criteria for biochemical variations, such as, blood serum cholesterol (Ch), triglyceride concentration (TG), blood serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. In those were given (amikacin80mg/kg) by injection in muscle for period of 15 days, caused a significant increase at the level (p≤0.05) in cholesterol(Ch), triglyceride(TG) concentration, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration(LDL-C) as compared with a control group, while decreased concentration of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) significantly as compared with the control group. The rabbits treated with Pomegranate juice 100ml the concentration of 40% for a period of 15 days has recorded a significant decrease in the concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride concentration and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration as compared with a group Rabbits treated with amikacin only, and increased significantly in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared to the group treated with amikacin only