Concentration Of Sodium Hyaluronate Research Articles

Comparison of eye drop retention time using fluorophotometry in three commercially available lubricant eye drops.

This is the first study to evaluate the retention time of lubricating eye drops containing various concentrations of sodium hyaluronate using fluorophotometry in a symptomatic dry eye population. Information regarding eye drop retention may be useful for eye care practitioners to assist in the selection of more effective treatments for managing dry eye. This study aimed to use fluorophotometry to compare retention time on the ocular surface of three commercially available lubricating eye drops, each containing varying concentrations of sodium hyaluronic acid (HA), and their effects on tear film stability post-instillation in a population with symptoms of dry eye. Adults with symptoms of dry eye (Ocular Surface Disease Index score, >12) were enrolled in this prospective, double-masked comparison of eye drops containing 0.15% HA-hydroxypropyl guar (HPGuar), 0.2% HA, and 0.1% HA. Participants were randomized to the eye drop order and the study eye under evaluation. Each eye drop was admixed with a fluorescent tracer (70-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran) at 10% wt/vol, and 10 μL volume was instilled for each evaluation. A fluorophotometer was used to measure the time for the tracer signal to return to baseline. Fluorescein tear breakup time was measured following fluorophotometry assessment. Retention time for 0.15% HA-HPGuar and 0.2% HA was significantly longer compared with 0.1% HA (p=0.02 and p=0.03). Fluorescein tear breakup time was significantly longer for the 0.15% HA-HPGuar eye drop compared with both the 0.1% HA eye drop (p=0.01) and 0.2% HA eye drop (p=0.003). Retention time on the ocular surface of the two eye drops containing higher concentrations of HA was longer than the eye drop with the lowest concentration of HA. The tear film was also more stable with the 0.15% HA-HPGuar eye drop compared with the eye drops containing HA alone, which may be attributable to the other components in the 0.15% HA-HPGuar eye drop.

Oral sodium hyaluronate relieves knee discomfort: A 12‑week double‑blinded, placebo‑controlled study.

Sodium hyaluronate (SH) is a high molecular-weight polysaccharide composed of repeating polymeric disaccharides of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. SH is present in every connective tissue and organ, with synovial fluid having the highest concentration of SH in the body. The effectiveness of oral SH on gonarthrosis is known; although, its influence on the knees of healthy individuals is not. However, as severe diseases may require surgery, it is better to take care of healthy knees before the onset of gonarthrosis. Therefore, the present study investigated the functionality of SH on the knee of healthy individuals. The present study was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which healthy adults (mean age: Placebo group, 61.50±1.59; SH group, 58.50±1.81), rated as grade ≤1 based on the Kellgren-Lawrence classification, were administered 111 mg/day SH for 12 weeks. The evaluation of visual analog scales were performed to assess the discomfort in the knees of the participants and were conducted at baseline, and then 6 and 12 weeks after the start of SH ingestion. Additionally, a locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying the mobility of the participants, a one-leg standing time with eyes open test evaluating the strength of the leg muscle as well as the ability to balance by measuring the time to stand on one leg and a blood test (interleukin-10, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and C-reactive protein) were performed at baseline and then 12 weeks after the start of SH ingestion. A significant suppression of knee symptoms were demonstrated in the SH group compared with the placebo group in terms of the total visual analog scale scores for pain, stiffness and discomfort for the 31 healthy adult subjects. Significant suppression of symptoms was also demonstrated in the placebo group in terms of discomfort in the knees when descending stairs and pain in the knees after walking for a longer distance or duration than normal. No significant differences between the two groups were demonstrated in the locomotive syndrome risk test, one-leg standing time with eyes open test and the blood test. The results of the present study suggest the possibility that oral SH may help to maintain a healthy condition of the knees. The study protocol was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry in advance (registration no. UMIN000045980, November 4, 2021).

Comparison of rheological and viscoelastic properties of hyaluronic acid for intraarticular injections

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that affects more than 80% of people over 55 years and in its final stages leads to disability. One of the safe non-surgical methods of OA treatment is intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA).Objective: to compare the viscoelastic rheological properties of HA medical products with different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) available in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The study was carried out using a modular rheometer MCR 302 (Anton Paar, Austria). All measurements were carried out at a temperature of 25.0±0.1 °C using the measuring system "cone-plane" (angle – 2 ˚ , cone diameter – 40 mm, gap height – 0.169 mm). The determination of the elastic moduli (G’) and viscosity (G”) was carried out depending on the frequency in the linear region of the shear stress, and the dynamic viscosity was determined at a shear rate of 1 sec-1.Results. The evaluation of the rheological properties of the studied samples revealed a positive relationship with the concentration of SH and no relationship with the molecular weight of SH. The highest viscoelastic properties were possessed by medical products in the 1% SH group: Armaviscon and Ripart; in the group with SH concentration of 1.5–1.6%, all the studied samples, except for Hyalubrix, showed similar higher results compared to the previous group; in the group with SH concentration of 2–3%, Armaviscon Platinum had the highest results and Flexotron Ultra and Armaviscon Forte – somewhat lower results.Conclusion. The study of the rheological viscoelastic properties of HA medical products is the most accessible method, on the basis of which it is possible to predict the clinical effect.

In vitro evaluation of sodium hyaluronate protective effect against benzalkonium chloride toxicity

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the protective effect of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on the Benzalkonium chloride (BAK)‐induced toxicity using an in vitro model.Methods: The NAV14 cell line (SV40‐immortalized murine conjunctival epithelium) was used. Cell monolayers were exposed to different combinations of BAK (0.001%; 0.005%; 0.01%) and SH (0.2%; 0.3%; 0.4%) for 15 minutes; then cells were washed, and fresh culture media was added. Cell viability was evaluated after 2 h by resazurin reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Also, cell migration and proliferation over 24 hours were determined by the scratch wound‐healing assay. Data were analysed by two‐way ANOVA and are shown as mean ± SD of two independent experiment with 4–6 replicates each.Results: BAK induced a concentration‐dependent decrease on cell viability (BAK 0.001%: 91 ± 14%, BAK 0.005%: 45 ± 9% and BAK 0.01%: 22 ± 10% of control cells, p < 0.001) and an increase in LDH release (no BAK:0.22 ± 0.02, BAK 0.001%: 0.31 ± 0.02, BAK 0.005%: 1.14 ± 0.05 and BAK 0.01%: 1.21 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). Conversely, SH neutralized these effects also in a concentration‐dependent manner (p < 0.001). In the presence of SH 0.4% (highest effect), cell viability was BAK 0.001%: 104 ± 22%, BAK 0.005%: 109 ± 9% and BAK 0.01%: 75 ± 13% of control cells (p < 0.001 for BAK 0.005–0.01%) while LDH release was no BAK: 0.24 ± 0.03, BAK 0.001%: 0.26 ± 0.01, BAK 0.005%: 0.37 ± 0.02 and BAK 0.01%: 0.49 ± 0.22, (vs. no SH: p < 0.001 for BAK 0.005–0.01%). BAK also reduced wound closure in vitro (after 24 h, no BAK: 76 ± 14%, BAK 0.001%: 42 ± 12%, BAK 0.005%: 17 ± 16% and BAK 0.01%: 0.0% wound closure, p < 0.001 for all BAK). Conversely, SH neutralized this effect in a concentration‐dependent fashion (p < 0.001). In the presence of SH 0.4% (highest effect), wound closure at 24 h was: no BAK: 81 ± 15%, BAK 0.001%: 58 ± 6%, BAK 0.005%: 63 ± 10%, BAK 0.01%: 60 ± 8% (vs no SH: p < 0.001 for BAK 0.005–0.01%).Conclusions: Sodium hyaluronate neutralized BAK toxicity on conjunctival epithelial cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. SH 0.4% was even protective at the highest preservative concentrations. These findings support the use of SH to mitigate BAK toxicity in long‐term antiglaucomatous treatment, although more studies are needed.

Hyaluronate macromolecules reduced-stabilized colloidal palladium nanocatalyst for azo contaminated wastewater treatment

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are of great important catalysts for a wide variety of applications. With the increasing demands of these materials, green and novel synthesis methods have become one of the leading research focuses. In obedience to the principle of an eco-friendly approach, PdNPs were developed following a one-pot green synthesis technique using sodium hyaluronate (SH) as reductant and stabilizer, which is a non-toxic, renewable, and glycosaminoglycan polymer. The synthesis protocol was spectroscopically monitored to achieve an optimum reaction condition using a one-variable-at-a-time technique where all parameters (concentration of SH, media pH, reaction time, and temperature) were tested in a set of experiments. The growth of PdNPs was evinced from intense brown color in the reaction solution and broad continuous absorption spectra in the UV–vis region. The synthesized PdNPs coated with SH-macromolecules were face-centered cubic crystal structure (d-spacing = 0.233 nm) with spherical/oval shape, uniformly polydispersed (ranged from 2.1 to 8.6 nm), smaller in size (5.3 ± 2.1 nm), and highly stabilized (zeta potential = −25.0 mV). The homogeneous catalytic performance of PdNPs exhibited almost 100% dye degradation for reactive red 195 and reactive yellow 145 by 12 and 16 min with a kinetic-constant value of 0.2128 and 0.1505 min –1 , respectively. The practical application of as-synthesized biogenic PdNPs as a nanocatalyst could be explored for the eco-friendly environmental treatment of wastewaters polluted with toxic, mutagenic, and hazardous azo dyes/pigments. • This bioreduction method is capable of synthesizing PdNPs by green and fast approach. • Hyaluronate is used as a soft matrix and reducing-stabilizing agent for PdNPs synthesis. • The high yield of the PdNPs is achieved using a one-variable-at-a-time optimization strategy. • Synthesized PdNPs are nano-sized, spherical shape, uniformly polydisperse, highly stable, and FFC crystal structure. • The synthesized PdNPs possessed excellent catalytic reduction potential against toxic azo dyes.

O/W microemulsion droplets diffuse through hydrogel network to achieve enhanced transdermal drug delivery

To overcome the poor water solubility of total flavones of Arisaematis rhizoma, microemulsions (MEs) can be used as a carrier for transdermal administration to promote their solubilization and skin permeability. Here, we investigated the physical compatibility of MEs in hydrogels and their skin permeation-enhancing effects. Transparency of microemulsion-based hydrogels (MBGs) was analyzed to evaluate ME compatibility with different hydrogel matrices. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to explore the microstructures of MBGs and ME–hydrogel combinations. Uniform and transparent MBG was obtained by adding 1% sodium hyaluronate (SH) to the optimized ME. MBG prepared with SH as a matrix expressed pseudoplastic-fluid and shear-thinning characteristics, making it easy to apply in clinical settings. No new FTIR peak occurred in the MBG compared with ME and hydrogel matrix, indicating a physical combination of ME and the polymer network gel. Nanoscale droplets of ME migrated in the gel network, and the migration capacity and in vitro transdermal permeation flux negatively correlated with SH concentration in the gel system. In conclusion, in MBGs, ME can keep nanoscale droplets migrating in the hydrogel network, thereby enhancing transdermal drug delivery.

Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride in Ophthalmic Eyedrop Medications on Corneal Epithelium

Eyedrops often contain additives other than active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as preservatives. The most frequently used preservative is benzalkonium chloride (BAC). When the ocular surface is exposed to eyedrops, the active pharmaceutical ingredients and additives can cause corneal epithelial disorder. Particularly in clinical settings, there is great interest in corneal epithelial disorders resulting from the use of glaucoma eyedrops, which is inevitable when instilled for a long period of time after the onset of disease. At the authors' institute, glaucoma is treated with consideration of reducing corneal epithelial disorder while ensuring the effect of lowering intraocular pressure by the appropriate choice of eyedrops. In this review, we show the examples of the retrospective studies. Sodium hyaluronate eyedrops are prescribed for corneal epithelial disorders such as superficial punctate keratitis associated with dry eye. Prescribable concentrations of sodium hyaluronate in Japan are 0.1% or 0.3%, and the 0.3% formulation does not contain BAC. The authors' study showed that 0.3% sodium hyaluronate pretreatment reduced the cytotoxicity of BAC in cultured corneal epithelial cells, whereas an in vivo study in mice showed that a 0.3% sodium hyaluronate instillation was suggested and that the drug may enhance the cytotoxicity of separately administered BAC. It is suggested that sodium hyaluronate prolonged the retention of BAC on the ocular surface. However, there have been no reports of this problem in the clinical setting. It is important for ophthalmologists to understand the properties of additives other than the active pharmaceutical ingredients in eyedrops.

New Approach to Drug Delivery in Ophthalmological Practice: Development of Composite Ophthalmological Solution for Drug Loading of Soft Contact Lenses

Introduction. This article provides a tentative justification of use of soft contact lenses as a carrier of ophthalmological solutions to eye tissues.Aim. The aim of the research is to develop the composition of the ophthalmic transport system for the treatment of glaucoma. Also, the proposed manufacturing algorithms were proposed for drug loading ophthalmological solutions.Materials and methods. Preparation of sodium hyaluronate solution was carried out based on the methodology described in EP 7.0 [01/2011:1472] (Sodium hyaluronate).Results and discussion. The conducted investigation with the purpose to justify a concentration of sodium hyaluronate helped to determine its concentration that gives the viscosity level as close to the upper limit stated in Russian Pharmacopoeia as possible. Buffer solution was chosen with criteria to use as less components in ophthalmological solution as possible. Also, it was found out that the more components are added to the viscous solution, the more viscosity level is decreased. Thus, initial viscosity of solution containing sodium hyaluronate was 149.59 mm2/s, and after addition of active pharmaceutical substance it dropped down to 88.49 mm2/s and 81.36 mm2/s for model solution number 1 and 2, respectively. After addition of citric acid and disodium hydrophosphate, the viscosity of model solution was found to be 78.11 mm2/s and 75.28 mm2/s for model solution number 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusion. As a result of the studies, two alternative model compositions of an ophthalmic solution for the saturation of soft contact lenses for the treatment of glaucoma were proposed. The choice of active pharmaceutical substances, and excipients has been justified. Technological procedure of preparation of model solution was described and explained, where the most attention was paid on dissolving of sodium hyaluronate in purified water.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SODIUM HYALURONATE IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMBINED DENTAL GEL

According to the EP monograph "Sodium hyaluronate" for identification they use the infrared transmission spectrum of the substance, quantification is carried out by spectrophotometry. The aim of the work was to develop a method for quantitative determination of hyaluronic acid in the gel in the presence of other substances and its validation. Materials and Methods. The object of the study were samples of combined dental gel of the following composition: metronidazole benzoate 16 mg/g, miramistin 5 mg / g, sodium hyaluronate 2 mg / g. Identification and quantification of sodium hyaluronate was performed by liquid chromatography (SPhU, 2.2.29, 2.2.46). The test solution and the reference solution were chromatographed, obtaining the number of parallel chromatograms not less than when checking the suitability of the chromatographic system. Chromatography is performed on a liquid chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector under the following conditions: chromatographic column PL-aquagel-OH, Agilent size 300 mm × 7.5 mm, with a particle size of sorbent 8 μm; mobile phase A: 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution; mobile phase B: acetonitrile for chromatography P; detection at a wavelength of 210 nm. Results. The retention time of sodium hyaluronate on the chromatogram of the test sample of the gel coincides with the peak and the retention time on the chromatogram of the comparison solution of the standard sample of the substance. The suitability of the chromatographic system for 3 parallel determinations was checked: the relative standard deviation (RSD) is equal to 0.25, the number of theoretical plates is 980, the symmetry coefficient is 1.293. The validation characteristics of the developed methodology meet the established eligibility criteria. The spectral purity coefficients (Fp) of the sodium hyaluronate peak on the chromatograms of the model solution are Fp1=997.665 and Fp2=997,802. The method is linear in the range of sodium concentration of hyaluronate 80–120 %, the calculated linear dependence of the reduced area of the chromatographic peak on the reduced concentration of sodium hyaluronate is |a|=1.9490≤Δa=2.56. The confidence interval of the unit value for the sample of relations is found / entered Δz=1.08, which corresponds to the condition Δz≤1.6 %. The value of the systematic error is equal to δ=0.12, which satisfies the condition δ≤0.51 %. Conclusions. The method of quantitative determination of sodium hyaluronate by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed and investigated. The method allows the identification and quantification of sodium hyaluronate in the composition of the dental gel, in the presence of metronidazole benzoate and miramistin. Validation of the methodology was performed and the main validation characteristics were determined. In terms of specificity, linearity, correctness, convergence of the method meets the eligibility criteria established by the SPhU.

New Possibilities of Tear Replacement Therapy in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome of Various Origins

The artificial tears on the basis hyaluronic acid is primary importance today in dry eye syndrome (DES) treatment. In recent years, they have been supplemented Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) differing concentrations of sodium hyaluronate and viscosity. The study is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of these drugs in the treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome (DES) of various etiology and severities.There were 73 volunteers with DES of various etiology: 21 — Sjogren’s syndrome, 24 — meibomian blepharitis, and 28 — perimenopause in the study. All patients were divided into 2 groups: 36 patients of the first group received instillations into conjunctival cavity of the Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and 37 patients of the second group — Optinol® Deep moistening (0.4 %).Starting from the first days of therapy, all patients had a decrease in the severity of subjective signs of DES, estimated by the value of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). At the same time, tendency to stop of the degenerative changes in the epithelium of the ocular surface was established. It is characterized by a decrease in the degree of staining. The increasement of the tear film stability and an index of the tear meniscus was found in all patients. The dynamics of the controlled parameters increased, as the instillation of the drugs took place and by the 30th day of therapy. There were significant differences from the baseline values. At the same time, the Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) was more effective (mainly in terms of subjective discomfort and the severity of degenerative changes in the epithelium of the ocular surface) in patients with mild and extremely severe form of the xerosis process.The drug Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) was more effective in patients with xerosis of moderate severity and severe by the same parameters. In the course of research, we have not observed any side effects of both drugs. It allows us to recommend the drugs Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) to widespread clinical use in treating patients with DES of various etiology.

Impact of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.2% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears on postoperative discomfort following cataract extraction surgery: a comparative study

BackgroundRecent artificial tear preparations have provided 0.2% concentration of sodium hyaluronate. However, no published data exist on their potential superiority against 0.1% in alleviating dry-eye-disease symptoms in cataract extraction surgery.MethodsA total of 180 patients that underwent cataract extraction surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups according to their postoperative regime: Study group (SG) received fixed combination of tobramycin and dexamethasone (FCTD) quid for 3 weeks, and additionally 0.2% sodium hyaluronate provided in the COMOD® device quid for 6 weeks. Control group (CG) received fixed combination of tobramycin and dexamethasone (FCTD) quid for 3 weeks, and additionally 0.1% sodium hyaluronate provided in the COMOD® device quid for 6 weeks. The following indexes were evaluated at 3 postoperative checkpoints: 1) Surface discomfort index (SDI) which was derived by four direct 10-scale Likert-type questions that were addressed to the patient and pertained to: a) foreign body sensation (FBS), b) blinking discomfort (BD), c) stinging sensation (SS), d) tearing sensation (TS), 2) Tear break-up time (TBUT), 3) Schirmer’s test, 4) Central corneal thickness (CCT), and 4) Central Corneal Sensitivity (CCS).ResultsBoth groups showed reduced CCS values at all postoperative examination points; however, SG participants had significantly better CCS (all p < 0.05). SG had better TBUT than CG at the 3rd (p = 0.03) and 6th examination points (p = 0.04). Moreover, SG had better SDI scores at the 3rd (SDI = 9.26 ± 0.55) and 6th weeks (SDI = 9.47 ± 0.48) vs. CG participants (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe increased 0.2% sodium hyaluronate concentration in the artificial tears provided in the COMOD® device seems to address dry-eye-disease symptoms better in patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery than the 0.1% concentration.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT03705949 Oct 15, 2018, retrospectively registered.

Evaluation of tear meniscus by optical coherence tomography after different sodium hyaluronate eyedrops instillation.

To evaluate changes in tear meniscus dynamics using optical coherence tomography (OCT) after the instillation of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) ophthalmic solutions. An experimental, double-masked, randomized study was performed. Twenty-three healthy subjects (16 women and seven men; mean age 23.57±2.56years) participated in this study. About 35μl of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% SH ophthalmic solutions and saline solution was instilled in a randomly assigned eye. Tear meniscus measurements (height, depth and turbidity) were taken with OCT at 30seconds and 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20min after instillation. Subsequently, the Schirmer test and tear break-up time (TBUT) were evaluated. Tear meniscus depth and tear meniscus height showed a significant increase with all solutions compared to basal values: up to 3min for 0.1% SH, up to 5min for 0.2% and up to 10min for 0.3% SH ophthalmic solution. Tear meniscus turbidity was also increased at 30seconds for 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% SH artificial tears (p<0.05). This increase remained significant for up to 1min for 0.2% and 0.3% SH solutions (p<0.05). After 5min of saline and 0.1% SH instillation, the turbidity was lower than basal values (p<0.05). There was a significant increase in the TBUT for all solutions after instillation (p<0.05). No differences between the Schirmer pre- and postinstillation were found (p>0.05). Finally, the comfort was significantly improved for all ophthalmic solutions (p<0.05). Sodium hyaluronate (SH) ophthalmic solutions increase residence time in healthy subjects and are positively correlated with its concentration and therefore the viscosity.

Low concentration of sodium hyaluronate temporarily elevates the tear film lipid layer thickness in dry eye patients with lipid deficiency.

To investigate the effects of different concentrations of artificial tears on lipid layer thickness (LLT) and blink rate (BR) in dry eye patients. This study included 106 eyes of 58 patients with dry eye. The lipid deficiency type was defined as the LLT baseline <75 nm. The LLT and BR were measured at baseline and 1, 5 and 15min after the instillation of 0.1% or 0.3% sodium hyaluronate (SH) eye drops by using the LipiView ocular surface interferometer. In the lipid deficiency group, the LLT increased from baseline at 1min post instillation. The LLT after the instillation of 0.1% SH was significantly higher than that after the instillation of 0.3% SH (P<0.001). The LLT returned to baseline at 15min post instillation of 0.1% SH and at 5min post instillation of 0.3% SH. In the non-lipid deficiency group, the LLT decreased from baseline at 1min and returned to baseline at 5min for both treatments. The BRs were not significantly different at different time points for both treatments. SH eye drops induce a short-term increase in LLT of patients with lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears have a stronger effect than a high concentration of artificial tears on the increase in LLT. In comparison, SH eye drops induce a transient and slight decrease in LLT of patients without lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears might be better for patients with lipid deficiency.

Influence of Sodium Hyaluronate Concentration on Corneal Aberrations in Soft Contact Lens Wearers.

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of varying concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) eye drops on corneal aberrations in normal individuals wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses.MethodsNormal individuals wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses were enrolled in this study. Subjects were classified into two groups depending on the concentration of the preservative-free SH used (group 1, 0.1% SH; group 2, 0.3% SH). All subjects were asked to blink five times after instillation of the SH eye drop and before the Galilei measurements. Corneal aberrations were measured over the contact lenses before and after SH eye drop instillation. Visual acuity (VA) over the contact lenses was also measured both before instillation of the SH eye drop and after the subjects completed the five blinks.ResultsThere was no change in VA after SH instillation in group 1; however, group 2's VA significantly deteriorated after SH instillation. Changes in VA after SH instillation compared to baseline were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Similarly, the increase in corneal aberrations after SH instillation was significant in group 2 but not significant in group 1. Among the significantly increased corneal aberration parameters, defocus was the main type in group 2. Changes in corneal aberrations after SH instillation compared to baseline were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1.ConclusionsA 0.3%-concentration of SH increases corneal aberration and decreases VA in soft contact lens wearers. Defocus is the main type of aberration that increased in the 0.3% SH instillation group.

Research on the efficacy of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate for the treatments of ocular surface acid burns

Objective To observe the efficacy of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate for the treatments of ocular surface acid burns. Methods The records of 90 eyes of 82 patients, which suffered from Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree ocular acid burn were analyzed restrospectively.All cases treated with different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate eye drops and were divided into two groups randomly.The concentration of sodium hyaluronate was 0.1% in group A (49 eyes) and 0.3% in group B (41 eyes). And the tear film break up time and repair time of corneal epithelium were compared between two groups. Results The tear film break up time after surgery was (3.1±1.8)s in group A and (5.4±1.9)s in group B. The repair time of corneal epithelium in group A and group B were (4.0±1.6)d and(2.6±1.2)d respectively.The difference in the corneal epithelium repair time and tear film break up time were statistically significant(P=0.001). Conclusion High concentrations of sodium hyaluronate eye drops (0.3%) are better than the low concentration of the same eyedrop in promoting cornea and conjunctiva repair. Key words: Acid burn, ocular surface; Repair time, epithelium, cornea; Eye drops, sodium hyaluronate

Effect of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate on the ocular surface change of dry eye in New Zealand rabbits

Effect of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate on the ocular surface change of dry eye in New Zealand rabbits

Mo1547 Evaluation of the Optimal Concentration of Sodium Hyaluronate in Precutting EMR for Various Organs in a Porcine Model

Mo1547 Evaluation of the Optimal Concentration of Sodium Hyaluronate in Precutting EMR for Various Organs in a Porcine Model

Evaluation of the Optimal Injection Solution in Hybrid Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) for Various Organs in an Ex Vivo Porcine Model

Background: For flat and/or depressed lesions ranging from 11-20 mm, hybrid ESD, i.e., EMR with circumferential incision (CI), is now prevalent. However, there is no clear standard for choosing an injection solution. Sodium hyaluronate (SH) is often used, despite its disadvantages. This study aimed to clarify the most effective injection solution for safe hybrid ESD for trainees in various gastrointestinal tract organs. Methods: CI was performed on 30 resected porcine esophagi, stomachs, duodena and colons. The following three solutions were injected into submucosa, and their ability to maintain mucosal elevation height (MEH) was evaluated: Solution A, normal saline (NS); Solution B, 1:1 mixture of NS and 0.4% SH; and Solution C, 0.4% SH. We measured the minimum snarable MEH and the average procedure time for snaring, and the optimal concentration of SH was identified both graphically and histopathologically. Results: The lesion-lift ability was superior at higher SH concentrations except, for duodenum. No solution obtained sufficient MEH in duodenum. The minimum snarable MEH was 5.02 mm, 5.73 mm, and 6.05 mm, and the snaring procedure time was 58.8 s, 56.2 s, and 75.3 s in esophagus, stomach, and colon, respectively. Hybrid ESD could be performed successfully with Solution B for esophagus, Solution A for stomach and Solution C for colon, and these results were confirmed histopathologically. Conclusions: The optimal solutions for hybrid ESD in an ex-vivo porcine model for trainees were Solution B for esophagus, Solution A for stomach, and Solution C for colon. Further study is needed for duodenum.

Effect of Preservative-Free Healon Eye Drop on Human Corneal Epithelial Cell in Vitro

Purpose: To investigate the biologic effects of preservative-free artificial tear drops on cultured human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Methods: The effects of preservative-free artificial tear drops (sodium hyaluronate 0.1% (KynexR, Alcon, Seoul, Korea), sodium hyaluronate 0.18% (Kynex2R, Alcon, Seoul, Korea), and sodium hyaluronate 0.3% (Hyaluni eye drops 0.3%R, Taejoon, Seoul, Korea)) on human corneal epithelial cells were evaluated. Cellular proliferation was determined using MTT (3(4,5-dimethylthiazol2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) and Ki-67 assays. Cellular migration was determined using CD44 and scratch wound assays. Cell damage was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cellular morphologies using electronic microscopy and inverted microscopy. Results: Proliferation of corneal epithelial cells, as determined by the MTT and Ki-67 assays, was not significantly different between the different eye drops (p > 0.05). The measured value of cellular migration after exposure of the sodium hyaluronate 0.3%, as determined by mean CD44 percentage and scratch wound assay, was higher than that of the sodium hyaluronate 0.1% and sodium hyaluronate 0.18%, but the CD44 value was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The LDH titer tended to increase as the concentration of sodium hyaluronate increased (p > 0.05), but influence on cytoplasm, as determined by electronic microscopy, was not different. Conclusions: Among 3 preservative-free artificial tear drops, sodium hyaluronate 0.3% demonstrated increased migration of corneal epithelial cells. As the concentration of sodium hyaluronate in eye drops increased, the corneal cytotoxicity of corneal epithelial cells also increased. However, there was no significant difference among the 3 tear drops. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(11):1698-1705

In vitro synthesis of bioactive hydroxyapatite using sodium hyaluronate as a template

Being a biocompatible and bioactive material, hyaluronic acid has great potential as a template to regulate the mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals in vitro. Our present study investigates the effects of sodium hyaluronate (SH) concentrations and initial pH values on the chemical composition, morphology and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals prepared by the wet chemical approach. All purified products were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photo-electronic spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This is the first time that bioactive carbonated apatites were synthesized using SH as a template. Biocompatibility of such apatites was gauged by cell vitality and alkaline phosphatase activity of MG-63 cells. The results suggested that carbonated apatites synthesized in the presence of SH were more favorable to the proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 cells compared to conventional apatites. In our study, we also found that SH temporarily stabilizes amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) at the early stage of crystallization. The results imply that the initial pH value and the concentration of SH play a key role in affecting calcium vacancies, carbonate content and morphology of apatite crystals, as well as their effects on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells. These synthesized carbonate-containing apatites are potentially attractive candidates for tissue engineering applications.