Polyvinyl Alcohol Concentration Research Articles

Physical Assessment of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyethylene Oxide Blend Film with Antioxidant or Antibacterial Composite Toward Wound Dressing Application

Wound dressing has a preferred characteristic to be ideal for wound healing application. Thus, the use of polymers and bioactive compounds requires optimization to ensure the ratio and concentration of blend polymer and the concentrations of the bioactive concentration in the film. This study prepared different ratios, and concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethene oxide (PEO) blend film to determine its optimum ratio and concentration using the solution casting method. The antioxidant (Glutathione – GSH) and antibacterial agent (Allicin) were added to the optimized PVA/PEO blend to identify the effect on the physical characteristics of the films upon the addition of bioactive compounds. The physical assessment of the synthesized films showed that the 90PVA/10PEO with a total polymer concentration of 5% possess desirable physical characteristics (ease of peeling, foldability and transparency) and achieve 100.4% water uptake. In terms of the PVA/PEO/GSH and PVA/PEO/Allicin films, there was no difference in the ease of peeling, foldability, and transparency compared to the control film. In conclusion, 5% of 90 PVA/10PEO is the optimum ratio and concentration that can be used to incorporate bioactive compounds such as GSH and Allicin.

Propitious maneuvering for delivery of the phytopharmaceutical “apocynin” to induced fulminant hepatitis in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo assessments

Apocynin (APO), a specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH-oxidase, NOX) inhibitor, has recently emerged as a bioactive phytochemical with eminent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted to fabricate a mucoadhesive nanostructured delivery system of APO that targets the liver. Accordingly, chitosan (CS) surface decorated polymeric nanoparticulate delivery system (PNDS) was victoriously fabricated by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Herein, a randomized full 33 factorial design was employed to assess the impact of the independently processing parameters (IPPs) namely; (poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) amount (A)), (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration (B)), and (CS concentration (C)), on different dependently measured attributes (DMAs). The optimal APO-loaded chitosan-coated poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (APO-loaded CS-coated PLGA NPs) formula (F19) would be extensively appraised through meticulous in vitro-in vivo studies. Crucially, the results revealed that oral pre-treatment with the optimal formula evoked a prodigious in vivo hepatoprotective efficacy against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-(+)-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced fulminant hepatitis (FH) in BALB/c mice when compared with pure APO, uncoated F19, and plain NPs (P NPs) pretreated groups. In conclusion, APO-loaded CS-coated PLGA NPs could be considered as a promising oral mucoadhesive phytopharmaceutical PNDS to open new prospects for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory based liver diseases.

Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Characteristics of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Nano-Silica, Micro-Silica, and PVA Fiber

This paper investigates bending and compressive strengths as mechanical characteristics of cement-based repair mortar containing nano-silica (NS) and micro-silica (SF) as cement replacements particles and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. The mentioned materials were added to the mortar in three different conditions, including single (just one material), binary (mixture of two admixtures), and ternary (mixture of all three admixtures) modes. The use of PVA fibers, nano-silica and micro-silica in the triple combination of a cement-based mortar is the primary objective of the current research. In total, 28 mix designs with various percentages of particles and fiber were employed in the current study, and 112 different specimens were prepared to conduct the experimental research. The compressive and flexural strength results have been selected as the criteria for obtaining the optimum mix design for each condition. In order to specify the mechanical characteristics of specimens, a compressive test was carried out according to ACI 318, and the three-point bending test was utilized according to BS EN 1015-11. The results obtained from this study show that the mixture containing 10% silica fume (SF10) can be considered the optimum mix design for the single-mode condition. For such a mix design, a flexural strength increase of 27% and a compressive strength improvement of 48% were determined in comparison to the reference mixture design. The mixture containing nano-silica at 2% and silica fume at 8% (NS2SF8) was the optimum mix design in the binary mode condition. With the current mix design, a flexural strength improvement of 24% and a compressive strength increase of 49% in a 28-day specimen were recorded. Finally, under the ternary mode condition, a flexural strength enhancement of 3.5% and a compressive strength improvement of 4.6% were obtained. Additionally, the mixture design containing a PVA content of 0.75% and an SF content of 10% (PVA0.75SF10) was considered optimum.

Preparation, In Vitro Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Polymeric pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release.

The aim of the current investigation was based on the development of pH-responsive hydrogels of chondroitin sulfate, carbopol, and polyvinyl alcohol polymerized with acrylic acid in the presence of ammonium persulfate and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate for controlled drug delivery. A free radical polymerization technique was used for the preparation of these pH-responsive hydrogels. The gel fraction of the prepared hydrogels was increased with the increase in the chondroitin sulfate, carbopol, polyvinyl alcohol, and acrylic acid content, while the sol-fraction was decreased. Swelling and drug release studies were performed in various pH conditions. Greater swelling and drug release were observed at high pH values (pH 4.6 and 7.4) as compared to low pH value (pH 1.2), representing the pH-responsive nature of the synthesized hydrogels. Porosity and drug loading were increased with the incorporation of high concentrations of hydrogel contents except polyvinyl alcohol, which showed reverse effects. Similarly, biodegradation study reported a slow degradation rate of the prepared hydrogels with the increase in hydrogel constituents. Cytotoxicity study proved the safe use of developed hydrogels as no toxic effect was shown on T84 human colon cancer cells. Similarly, various characterizations, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, were performed for prepared hydrogels. Hence, we could demonstrate that the prepared hydrogels can be used as a promising drug carrier for the controlled delivery of drugs.

Nanocellulose implantation enriched the pore structure of aerogel for effective particulate matter removal

Particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a serious threat to public health, disposable and degradable filter materials are expected to handle the problem in the future. Here, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/borax/cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) aerogels were implanted on a biodegradable corrugated paper to form composite air filters for the first time via freeze-drying the coated composite hydrogels. The low content of CNF and PVA could be cross-linked by borax to form hydrogels, which enhanced its maneuverability for surface implanting on the substrate. More importantly, the addition of CNF greatly enriched the pore structure of aerogels, which provided a structural basis for PM capture. The as-prepared composite air filters exhibited excellent filtration efficiencies of 92 % and 96 % toward PM1.0 and PM3.0, respectively. Moreover, the addition of dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin endowed the filters with an antibacterial property. This work shows a new possibility for the design of degradable and functional filter materials.

Antibacterial Studying of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Reduction Method Using Different Stabilized Concentrations

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical reduction method. Silver nitrate was taken as a metal precursor and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilizers of different concentrations, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have been used, these measurement results showed that the prepared material is silver nanoparticles. The average size of silver nanoparticles using the Scherrer equation with values ranging from 8.49-12.15nm. TEM images showed that the silver nanoparticles are spherical in size between 5-47nm. Nanoscale distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared at different concentrations was studied by AFM. Silver nanoparticles showed high antimicrobial and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia Coli and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus, whose bacterial activity was dependent on the concentration of PVA and PVP and the degree of intramolecular accumulation. Low concentrations of PVP lead to increase the activity, while high concentrations of PVA give better activity.

Effect of polyvinyl alcohol concentration on biomedical application of chitosan/bioactive glass composite coated on AZ91D magnesium alloy

The aim of this work is to improve the biomedical properties of AZ91D magnesium by coating it with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), bioactive glass (BG), and natural chitosan (CH), using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method with different PVA concentrations (15%, 20%, and 25%). The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), furrier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed uniformity on the surface. Bio-corrosion activities were investigated by polarization tests in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution, which indicated that a composite with 15% PVA has lower corrosion resistance than base metal due to the weakness of the composite coating and applied current in the EPD process. The higher corrosion resistance was observed in the 25% PVA concentration due to the presence of a higher amount of PVA in the applied composite (which induces a denser and thicker composite coating). An in vitro bioactivity test was performed in PBS solution, which showed that more hydroxyapatite was formed on the surface by increasing PVA concentration. Furthermore, adhesive analysis of composite coatings indicates that by increasing the PVA concentration in composites, more adhesivity is obtained (5%, 12%, and 30%, respectively).

Effect of formulation variables on the characteristics of vildagliptin microspheres

Vildagliptin, an antihyperglycemic drug, is having high water solubility and shorter elimination half-life. This leads to administer vildagliptin frequently to maintain its therapeutic efficacy. So the Formulation of vildagliptin microspheres might be beneficial in overcoming the side effects of the conventional drug delivery systems during the prolonged treatment. The aim of the work was to evaluate and fabricate the microspheres, which improved the absorption of drug and increase the release kinetics and also to study the effect of formulation variables. The microspheres of vildagliptin were formulated by solvent evaporation technique. The formulation variables were the concentration of Ethyl cellulose (EC), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and stirring speed. The resulting microspheres were evaluated for percentage yield, percentage entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, drug release rates. The morphological structure of the microspheres revealed spherical shaped structures. Good entrapment were observed. The in vitro drug release was found to be controlled. Results indicated that physicochemical properties of microspheres strongly affected by the presence of drug/polymer ratios, changing the concentrations of them and effect of variables.

Flexible hydrogel compound of V2O5/GO/PVA for enhancing mechanical and zinc storage performances

A highly flexible hydrogel cathode applied in rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) fabricated by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully synthesized by repeated freeze-thaw method. The V2O5/GO hydrogel (VOGH) presented complex 3D cross-linking system and excellent flexibility through hydrogen bonding and inorganic nanosheets reinforcement. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of VOGH are balanced and achieved by adjusting the content of GO (5%), V2O5 (30%), PVA (25%) and water (40%) of the total mass, respectively. From the electrochemical result, the flexible hydrogel cathode displayed a high capacity (240.5 mA h g–1) and a good cyclic stability after 200 cycles at 1 A g–1. Moreover, the electrochemical kinetics exhibite the capacitive control process, which confirm the excellent ion transport to enhance storage performance of ZIBs. The soft package ZIBs using VOGH as cathode and Zn foil as anode display good cycle performance (191.7 mA h g–1 at 1 A g–1 after 1000 cycles) and provide stable power supply at different bending angles.

Preparation and application of green chitosan/ploy (vinyl alcohol) porous microspheres for the removal of hexavalent chromium

The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol porous microspheres were obtained by first gelation and then freeze-drying process. The effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) content on the structure of the porous microspheres and adsorption capacity for Cr(Ⅵ) were investigated. The microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and adsorption experiments. With the continuous increase of PVA content, the distribution of component materials and pore structure became more uniform with smaller pore. FTIR results showed that the strong interaction was formed between functional groups of PVA and those of chitosan, and porous microspheres provided adsorption sites of the amino and hydroxyl groups for the removal of Cr(VI). The porous microspheres containing 33 % PVA possessed the maximum adsorption capacity of 334.7 mg/g for Cr (Ⅵ) due to its most optimum balance between chitosan and PVA. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherms fitted pseudo second order model and Freundlich isotherm well, respectively.

Performance Degradation of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Resistance to Chloride Ion Penetration

This study investigated the frost resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete with different contents of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber under freeze–thaw cycles, and the resistance to chloride penetration. The freeze–thaw cycle experiment was carried out using the rapid freeze–thaw method. Mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and flexural strength were investigated, and the influence of chloride ion content and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient after freeze–thaw cycles was analyzed. The results showed that under freeze–thaw cycles, PVA fiber can effectively reduce mass and dynamic elastic modulus loss and improve compressive and flexural strength. The contributions of fiber to mass loss, relative dynamic elastic modulus, and compressive strength gradually decreased with the addition of PVA fiber (>0.12 vol. %), while the contribution to flexural strength increased. The penetration depth of chloride ions positively correlated with the number of freeze–thaw cycles. The PVA fiber-reinforced concrete exhibited better chloride ion penetration resistance compared with that of the control concrete after freeze–thaw cycles. The concrete mixed with 0.12 vol. % PVA fiber exhibited the best chloride ion penetration resistance.

The effect of Ag2O/NbO2 nanostructures on the dielectric characteristics of PVA/PVP bled used in electronics

Nanocomposites may be employed in a wide range of applications, including as biosensors, diodes, antibacterial, transistors, and so on. In the current study, a new type of nanocomposites (PVA-PVP-Ag2O-NbO2) were prepared by solution casting method. The polymeric mixture (polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylpyrrolidone) was produced with various polyvinyl alcohol concentration (50 wt. %), polyvinylpyrrolidone (50% wt.%), as well as niobium oxides and silver nanoparticles oxides were added to the polymeric mixture with different percentages, which are (0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01 wt. percent). The effect of each of the niobium oxide nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles on A.C was studied. The alternating electrical properties were studied at room temperature in the frequency range (100Hz-5MHz). Results of the experiment showed an increase of both the dielectric constant and the alternating conductivity of electricity and the loss of dielectric of polymeric mixture (PVA-PVP) an increase in increasing concentrations of niobium oxide nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles, and the dielectric loss and dielectric constant of nanocomposites (PVA-PVP-Ag2O-NbO2) a rise in increasing in the applied electric field’s frequency, and alternating With increasing frequency, electrical conductivity increases.

РЕОЛОГИЯ ВОДНОГО РАСТВОРА НИЗКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО ПОЛИВИНИЛОВОГО СПИРТА

The rheology of aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was studied by the method viscometry. The values of the verification coefficients were estimated depending on both the concentration of PVA, and on the average molecular weight of the PVA itself. It is shown that in water a solution of low molecular weight PVA (70-140 kDa) with a concentration of up to 0.035% dominant is the interaction of polymer chains with water (the first belief coefficient), and above 0.035% PVA, the interaction of polymer chains between itself (the second confidence factor).

Formulation Optimization and In Vitro Characterization of Granisetronloaded Polylactic-co-glycolic Acid Microspheres Prepared by a Dropping-in-liquid Emulsification Technique.

Traditional dosage forms of granisetron (GRN) decrease patient compliance associated with repeated drug administration because of the short half-life of the drug. In this study, novel GRN-loaded Polylactic-co-glycolic Acid (PLGA) sustained-release microspheres were prepared for the first time via a dropping-in-liquid emulsification technique. The effects of various factors, such as pH of the outer phase, Tween 80, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) concentrations, and hardening process, on the Encapsulation Efficiency (EE), Drug Loading (DL), and particle size of microspheres were extensively studied. The physicochemical properties, including drug release, surface morphology, crystallinity, thermal changes, and molecular interactions, were also studied. GRN has a pH-dependent solubility and it exhibits a remarkably high solubility under acidic condition. The EE of the alkaline medium (pH 8) was higher than that of the acidic medium (pH 4.0). EE and DL decreased in the presence of Tween 80 in the outer phase, whereas EE significantly increased during hardening. The particle size of microspheres was not affected by PVA and Tween 80 concentrations, but it was influenced by PVA volume and hardening. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the physical state of the drug changed from a crystalline form to an amorphous form, thereby confirming that the drug was encapsulated into the PLGA matrix. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy confirmed that some molecular interactions occurred between the drug and the polymer. GRN-loaded PLGA microspheres showed sustained release profiles of over 90% on week 3. GRN-loaded PLGA microspheres with sustained-release were successfully prepared, and they exhibited a relatively high EE without Tween 80 as an emulsifier and with the hardening process.

Statistical Design for Formulation Optimization of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Ethylcellulose Microsponges

For a better use of the drug, a decrease in side effects, an improvement in effectiveness, and a uniform release of the active ingredients, sustained-release forms have been developed. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the factors on the responses involved in the formulation of Diclofenac Sodium (DC) loaded ethylcellulose (EC) microsponges (MP) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method was used to formulate MP. The ratio of ethylcellulose to Diclofenac Sodium and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration (w/v%) were selected as independent variables for CCD. Entrapment efficiency (EE) and production yield (PY) were selected as dependent variables. The optimal formulation was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Optical Microscopy, and in vitro release. Optimized MP showed an EE of 31.02% and a PY of 66.44%, FTIR studies revealed no chemical interaction between drug and polymer used, MP were spherical and present an average size of 9.21±0.3µm. Kinetic studies revealed that drug release from optimized formulation followed Higuchi model. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of proposed design for development of DC microsponges for the sustained release.

Solidification treatment effect of wellsite waste mud based on physical adsorption of a composite curing agent

Abstract In order to improve the physical adsorption of the composite curing agent and improve the solidification treatment effect of the waste mud, the adsorption materials and adsorption processes were studied. Through the study of orthogonal experiments, the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration, spinning voltage, spinning distance and other factors on the diameter, fibre uniformity and fibre morphology of PVA nanofibers were explored, with the optimal preparation conditions for the preparation of PVA nanofibers studied. The adsorption properties of PVA nanofibers for Pb2+ and Cu2+ were studied, and the Langmuir and Freundlich theoretical models were used to fit the adsorption isotherms to determine the adsorption model; the adsorption kinetics were fitted using quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic equations to determine the type of adsorption. The research has a theoretical reference for the exploration of the physical adsorption of composite curing agents and the solidification of waste mud.

The Study of the Swelling Degree of the PVA Hydrogel with varying concentrations of PVA

Hydrogel is composed of a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers and can swell when placed in an aqueous media. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a common polymer used to produce hydrogels because it has biocompatibility, non-toxicity, chemical stability, low cost, and excellent mechanical strength. In this study, the PVA solutions were prepared with concentrations of 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% in distilled water. The precursor solutions underwent a freeze-thaw cycle with a freezing temperature of -25 °C for 20 hours and a thawing temperature of 37 °C for 4 hours and carried out for 6 cycles. The swelling degree and the gel fraction of the hydrogel were then determined. From the swelling degree results, the increase of the PVA concentration in the precursor solutions reduced the swelling degree of the hydrogel. Based on the gel fraction test, it was revealed that all PVA concentrations have approximately the same value of gel fraction at 97%. Additionally, the viscosity and the density were also measured. Both showed an increasing trend with the addition of PVA concentration, where the viscosity values from the smallest to highest concentrations were 12.4944, 34.1737, 93.8491, and 216.2979 cP while the density values were 0.9865, 0.9871, 0.9878, and 0.9885 gram.cm-3.

Energy dissipation in phase change salogels under shear stress

Phase change salogels are physical networks designed to shape stabilize salt hydrate phase change materials (PCMs) and inhibit the leakage of molten PCM. In contrast to chemically crosslinked gels, salogels can restructure by breaking of prior and reforming of new bonds. Therefore, salogels are susceptible to dissipate energy during deformations due to the nature of physical bonds. In the present work, different concentrations of diethylenetriamine, as a physical crosslinker, were added to a constant concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in a high-salinity environment of a fluid inorganic PCM (lithium nitrate trihydrate), and network viscoelasticity was studied using oscillatory rheology. The energy dissipated was calculated by computing the area inside Lissajous stress-strain curves performed at various strain amplitudes and a constant frequency of 1 rad/s. The results of energy dissipation as a function of salogels' crosslinker concentration has a minimum when crosslinker concentration is ≅ 5–7 wt%. tes with the maximum point in the salogels' shear modulus graph. Lissajous plots' intracycle moduli analysis were used to quantify the observed non-linear behavior within a cycle of oscillation and proposed internal structure changes during deformation. Three regions based on the variation of dissipation energy with strain amplitudes (γ) for each salogel network were identified: region I (γ < ∼10%): linear viscoelastic region, region II (∼10% < γ < ∼100%): intermediate strain region with shear thickening behavior and, region III (γ > ∼100%): large deformation region with shear thinning behavior. Our results show that while most bonds are breaking at high strain amplitudes, there is a possibility of interchain reformation at intermediate shear strains due to the polymer chain alignment, which can slow down energy dissipation in this region. This study enhances the fundamental understanding of salogels’ microstructural response to non-linear deformation, which would benefit energy storage applications subjected to large deformations such as conformable packs and pillows.

Effect of Preparation Conditions on Application Properties of Environment Friendly Polymer Soil Consolidation Agent.

In order to improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings and improve the efficiency of seedling transplantation, we developed an environmental friendly polymer konjac glucomannan (KGM)/chitosan (CA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ternary blend soil consolidation agent to consolidate the soil ball at the root of transplanted seedlings. In the previous research, we found that although the prepared KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend soil consolidation agent can consolidate the soil ball at the root of the seedling, the medium solid content of the adhesive was high, which affects its spraying at the root of the seedling. At the same time, the preparation temperature of the KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend was also high. Therefore, to reduce the energy consumption and the cost of the KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend soil consolidation agent in the preparation process, this paper studied the influence of preparation conditions on the application performance of the environmental friendly polymer soil consolidation agent. We aimed to reduce the highest value CA content and preparation temperature of the KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend adhesive on the premise of ensuring the consolidation performance of the KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend adhesive on soil balls. It was prepared for the popularization and application of the environmental friendly polymer KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend soil consolidation agent in seedling transplanting. Through this study, it was found that the film-forming performance of the adhesive was better when the KGM content was 4.5%, the CA content was in the range of 2–3%, the PVA content was in the range of 3–4%, and the preparation temperature was higher than 50 °C. The polymer soil consolidation agent prepared under this condition has a good application prospect in seedling transplanting.

Investigating the morphology, hardness, and porosity of copper filters produced via Hydraulic Pressing

This paper presents an examination of the production of copper air filters via the Hydraulic Pressing (HP) method. Processing conditions examined included powder particle type (spherical and dendritic), varying compaction pressures (635, 714, and 793 MPa) and different pore forming (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) concentrations (1, 2, and 3 wt.%). Following compaction, the samples were thermally sintered in a two stage sintering regime at 200 °C and 750 °C. The morphology, porosity, and mechanical properties of the sintered samples were characterised. Morphological analysis demonstrated better consolidation and overlapping of the copper powder particles in samples with a higher weight percentage of the PVA. Highest porosity was achieved in the sample produced using the dendritic copper powder mixed with highest weight percentage of PVA. As the samples were very porous, the hardness of the samples varied greatly. Samples prepared with spherical powders at high pressure demonstrated the highest hardness. The results in this study show that copper filters with 14%–26% porosity can effectively be produced using spherical and dendritic copper powders by controlling the compaction pressure and PVA concentration.