Ig Concentrations Research Articles

Orally Administered Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces boulardii–Based Probiotics Alter Select Equine Immune Function Parameters

To investigate the effects of a combination of Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces boulardii, the following experiments were performed. Initially, an in vitro experiment was performed in which the culture supernatant of S. boulardii and P. acidilactici was added to the culture media of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the proliferative response to cellular stimulants was assayed. After this initial experiment, an in vivo experiment was performed in which 12 horses were used and assigned to one of two groups of six horses each: placebo controls or principle-treated horses. After a period of treatment, various end points were determined to test the effects of test article on (1) proliferative responses of cultured PBMCs; (2) serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations; (3) lymphocyte phenotype subsets; (4) white blood cell count; and (5) response to vaccination. Results of the in vitro testing demonstrated a substantial reduction (23%) in proliferation of stimulated PBMCs. Results of in vivo testing demonstrated enhanced proliferation on day 72 in cells stimulated with phorbol (P = .04). On study day 37, the segmented neutrophil number was reduced and IgG concentration increased (mean, 329.0 vs. 185.9 ng/mL; P = .029). Results demonstrate that the test article did have some effects on systemic immunity, specifically proliferative responses, immunoglobulin G concentrations, and neutrophil numbers. Based on the findings of this study, further evaluation of these probiotics for equine wellness or disease modulation is warranted.

Identification of epicatechin as one of the key bioactive constituents of polyphenol-enriched extracts that demonstrate an anti-allergic effect in a murine model of food allergy.

Polyphenols are naturally derived bioactive compounds with numerous reported health benefits. We have previously reported on the beneficial effect of a polyphenol-enriched apple extract in a murine model of food allergy. The objectives of the present study were to elucidate the class of bioactive polyphenols that exhibit a beneficial anti-allergic effect and to assess whether the protective effect matches the in vivo bioavailable metabolite concentrations. Female BALB/c mice were sensitised to ovalbumin (OVA) following the protocol of a well-established murine model of food allergy. They were fed diets containing polyphenol-enriched extracts or purified epicatechin for 8 d after the last sensitisation. The sensitised mice were orally challenged with OVA after the intervention. The allergy symptoms, in addition to allergen-specific serum Ig concentrations and gene expression profiles in the intestine, of the control and treated mice were compared. Plasma samples were collected to compare the concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites in the treatment groups. Polyphenol-enriched fruit extracts containing epicatechin exhibited a significant anti-allergic effect in vivo. This effect was unambiguously attributed to epicatechin, as oral administration of this purified polyphenol to sensitised mice by inclusion in their diet modulated allergy symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. Immune parameters were also affected by the administration of epicatechin. Bioavailability measurements in plasma indicated that the attenuation of allergy symptoms could be due to the higher concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites. In conclusion, epicatechin is a key bioactive polyphenol that has the ability to modulate allergy outcomes in sensitised mice.

Effect of continuous milking on immunoglobulin concentrations in bovine colostrum

Continuous milking is defined as a dairy cattle management system without a planned dry period for cows in late gestation. Continuous milking has been described to reduce health problems common in periparturient cattle, but may affect colostrum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration and subsequently calf health. This study reports the influence of continuous milking on Ig concentrations of bovine colostrum in commercial dairy farms. Colostrum Ig concentrations of 227 cows from 13 herds were quantified with a quantitative ELISA for IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM. Colostrum samples of continuous milked (CM) cows (n=38) were compared with colostrum samples of cows (n=189) after a traditional dry period (DP) of at least 42 days. Resultsindicated that colostrum Ig concentration was significantly lower in continuous milking systems where IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM concentrations were reduced by half compared with cows that had a planned dry period. When relating the results from this study to recommendations for colostrum management it can be concluded that although colostrum Ig concentrations are significantly lower in a continuous milking management system an adequate passive immune transfer can still be achieved based on colostrum quality provided colostrum feeding management is optimal.

Health benefits of new symbiotic "NAR".

IntroductionThe immune-modulatory effects of synbiotics and their ability to reduce free radical levels may be useful for functional food that is able to be active throughout whole period of colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.The aim of the present study was to investigate the immune-modulatory and antioxidant effects of the synbiotic product “NАR,” a probiotic beverage.MethodsThe presence of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, αTNF, γIFN, Ig A, Ig M, and Ig E was studied in vitro using a solid immunosorbent analysis. The total antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase were determined by a spectrophotometry using the Sigma-Aldrich sets.ResultsStudies of the immune-modulatory properties of the synbiotic product NAR showed 1.7 fold increase of γINF levels (p<0.01) in blood after consumption of the synbiotic product “NAR” in comparison to control values, whereas the concentrations of IL-4 and Ig E decreased 2.0 times (treatment: 9.3; control: 18.7; p<0.01) and 1.3 times (p<0.1), respectively. The consumption of the synbiotic product “NAR” caused an increase in the proportion of γINF/IL 4 (treatment: 15.4; control: 4.4; p<0.01), which indicates a reduction in functional activity of Th2-type lymphocytes in comparison with the function of Th1 cells.Our study showed a high level of the total antioxidant activity of the synbiotic product (67.4 mmol/ml). The antioxidant activity of the intact cells of consortium (15.3 mM/ml), which was the basis for the preparation of the symbiotic product, is several times lower than the activity observed in the symbiotic samples.Expression of SOD is one of the mechanisms of antioxidant stress radicals inactivation by bacteria. The analysis identified a superoxide dismutase activity of synbiotic product (1.42 U/mg protein). A glutathione reductase activity of the synbiotic product was elevated (0.06 U/ml).ConclusionThe majority of the inflammatory mediators found in the blood after the consumption of symbiotic product NAR were inflammatory mediators that activate a cellular component of the resistance. Moreover, the symbiotic product has a high antioxidant activity.

Stem Cells Take Part in Regulation of Prooxidant Activity and Immunity at Liver Fibrosis

It has been explored the possibility of correction of prooxidant-antioxidant parameters at rats with experimental liver fibrosis and immunological status of these animals using xenogeneic embryonic stem cells. It is shown that the threefold sequential administration of copper sulfate in dose 1 mg / 100 g of body weight, which amounted to 30% of the lethal dose in 48 hour intervals between administrations induced liver fibrosis in 24 hours after the last administration to 3 month animals. It was found that the development of fibrosis, was accompanied 50 per cent increase in TBA-active products in the mitochondria and 25% of the increase in the microsomes of liver cells. Content of Ig A, IgM, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and the average molecular weight peptides was increased to 2-3 times in the same time. Introduction of xenogenic embryonic stem cells in animals with experimental fibrosis accompanied by decrease in the amount of TBA-active products to almost intact control. It coincided with the 60% increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the mitochondria. Introduction of stem cells to experimental animals provide a normalization of the content of Ig A, Ig M, the CiC and the average molecular weight of the peptides.

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain/Light Chain Pairs (Hlc, Hevylitetm) Assays for Diagnosing and Monitoring Monoclonal Gammopathies

Immunofixation (IFE) is a standard method for detecting monoclonal immunoglobulins and characterizing its isotype. Recently clonality can also be determined by using immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain/light chain immunoassays - HLC, HevyliteTM. HLC separately measures in pairs light chain types of each intact Ig class generating ratios of monoclonal Ig/uninvolved polyclonal Ig concentrations. Studies have shown that HLC and IFE are complementary methods. HLC assays quantify monoclonal proteins and identify monoclonality. It is possible to predict prognosis in multiple myeloma and to monitor response to treatment using HLC ratio. HLC ratio may serve as a parameter for myeloma induced immunoparesis and serve as a new marker for validating remission depth and relapse probabilities.

Detection of immunoglobulin isotypes from dried blood spots

The study was designed to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of recovering immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes (IgG subclasses, IgA, IgE and IgM classes) from dried blood spots (DBS), a methodologic subcomponent of the Upstate KIDS Study. A multiplexed Luminex assay was used for IgG1/2/3/4, IgA and IgM analysis; an ELISA was used for IgE. Plasma samples from de-identified patients were used to compare the Luminex assay with nephelometry, which is routinely used to quantify IgA, IgG and IgM in clinical samples. The IgE ELISA was compared to an immunofluorescence assay. Prior to evaluation of punches from newborn dried blood spots (NDBSs), recoveries of Ig from punches of cord blood DBSs (CBDBSs) vs. plasma from the same cord bloods were compared. Although the recoveries of Ig from plasma and DBSs were not comparable, which could be due to cell lysates in the DBS samples, the analyses were reproducible. Additionally, the levels of IgA, IgG2, IgG4, and IgM recovered from CBDBSs positively correlated with those in plasma. The DBS data is a relative value since it is not equivalent to the plasma concentration. The majority of Ig concentrations recovered from 108 newborns of the Upstate KIDs Study were within the range of newborn plasma Ig levels with the exception of IgG3. The IgG4 values displayed the greatest variance with a wide range (0.01–319mg/dl), whereas, IgG1 values had the narrowest range (85.2–960.4mg/dl).

Hypogammaglobulinemia after cardiopulmonary bypass in infants

Hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported after cardiac surgery and may be associated with adverse outcomes. We sought to define baseline immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease, determine their course after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and determine if post-CPB hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with increased morbidity. This was a single-center, retrospective analysis of infants who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB between June 2010 and December 2011. The Ig concentration was obtained from banked plasma of 47 patients from a prior study (pre-CPB, immediately post-CPB, and 24 and 48 hours post-CPB). In addition, any Ig levels drawn for clinical purposes after CPB were included. Ig levels were excluded if drawn after chylothorax diagnosis or intravenous IgG administration. The median age was 7 days. Preoperative Ig concentration was similar to that described in healthy children. IgG level decreased to less than 50% of preoperative concentration by 24-hour post-CPB and failed to recover by 7 days. Of 47 patients, 25 (53%) had low IgG (<248 mg/dL) after CPB. Despite no difference in demographics or risk factors between patients with low and normal IgG, low IgG patients had more positive fluid balance at 24 hours and increased proinflammatory plasma cytokine levels, duration of mechanical ventilation, and cardiac intensive care unit length of stay. In addition, low IgG patients had an increased incidence of postoperative infections (40% vs 14%; P=.056). Hypogammaglobulinemia occurs in half of infants after CPB. Its association with fluid overloadand increased inflammatory cytokines suggests it may result from capillary leak. Postoperative hypogammaglobulinemia is associated with increased morbidity, including more secondary infections.

Evaluation of automated assays for immunoglobulin G, M, and A measurements in dog and cat serum

Measurements of immunoglobulins (Igs) in companion animals can be useful to detect deficiencies of the humoral immune system, that can be associated with opportunistic or chronic infections, or other immune-mediated disorders including B-cell neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate commercially available automated immunoturbidimetric assays designed for human IgG, M, and A measurements in canine and feline serum using species-specific calibrators. Canine and feline serum samples with different IgG, M, and A concentrations were used for the analytical validation of the assays. Intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity under dilution, spiking recovery, and limit of detection were determined. In addition, effects of lipemia, hemolysis, and bilirubinemia were evaluated. Finally, Ig concentrations were determined in small groups of diseased dogs and cats, and compared with healthy groups. Spiking recovery and linearity under dilution tests showed that the assays measured Igs in canine and feline serum samples precisely and accurately. Intra- and inter-assay imprecisions were lower than 15% in all cases. Significantly higher IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were observed in dogs with leishmaniasis, while dogs with pyometra showed a statistically significant increase in IgM and IgA concentrations in comparison with healthy dogs. Significantly higher IgG and IgM levels were observed in FIV-infected cats compared with healthy ones. The automated human Ig assays showed adequate precision and accuracy with serum samples from dogs and cats. Also, they were able to discriminate different concentrations of Igs in healthy and diseased animals.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN CHANNA STRIATA (BLOCH) AND KINETICS OF ITS RESPONSE TO AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA ANTIGEN

The immunoglobulin (Ig) from the serum of Channa striata was isolated by gel electroelution and characterized further to understand its nature and subsequent applications in studying the immune response. The purity of the sample was confirmed with the presence of a single band on native gradient PAGE and the molecular weight of ∼897 kDa was determined from the gel. In SDS-PAGE, C. striata Ig was reduced to produce two bands corresponding to H (heavy) (∼72 kDa) and L (light) (∼27 kDa) chain subunits. Polyclonal antiserum against the purified Ig was raised in a rabbit and adsorbed with 10% liver tissue homogenate of C. striata to enhance its specificity. By an indirect ELISA standardized using the adsorbed rabbit antiserum, the normal serum Ig concentration in C. striata was estimated to be 3.48 mg/mL. Further, a kinetic study of specific immunoglobulin response to formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila antigen was undertaken using another indirect ELISA, which showed a significant increase in serum immunoglobulin titer from day 2 onwards and reached its peak at day 14. Subsequently, the Ig titer was dropped from day 21 onwards till the completion of the experiment at day 42, although it was at a significantly higher level than the control.

FRI0235 Alterations in peripheral B cell subsets of patients with anca associated vasculitides (AAVS) after immunosuppressive therapy

BackgroundB lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of AAVs by the production of cytokines/chemokines and autoantibodies. Immunosuppressive therapy is effective in AAVs but may lead to a decline in serum...

SAT0131 Long-Term Safety of Rituximab: Pooled Analysis of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Global Clinical Trial Programme Over 11 Years

ObjectivesTo conduct an updated overall safety analysis of rituximab (RTX) in RA patients in the global clinical trial programme.MethodsPooled observed case analysis of safety data from patients with moderate to...

Influence of colostral quality on serum proteins in dairy calves raised in smallholder farms in Thailand

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of colostral quality on serum proteins in calves. Samples were collected from visited farms in Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Kamphaeng Saen and Nong Pho Animal Hospital. In total, 35 dairy farms contributed 80 dams and calves' samples. Colostrum samples from 80 dairy cows and blood samples from their calves were taken to evaluate colostral immunoglobulins (Ig) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and calf serum protein and IgG. Total colostral Ig, colostral and serum IgG, and serum protein were measured by a colostrometer, single radial immunodiffusion, and refractrometer, respectively. Immunoglobulin G and serum protein concentrations increased in the 1st day after birth, and maximum concentrations were seen in the 2nd day and then decreased in the 7th and 14th days. Average ± SD total colostral IgG concentrations at calving date and at 1 and 2days after calving were 93.85 ± 33.89, 37.11 ± 23.51, and 17.23 ± 9.4mg/mL, respectively. The profile of total Ig and IgG concentrations in colostrum had a similar pattern, with the maximum concentrations obtained in calving date and rapidly decreased thereafter. Low IgG concentrations were seen in the 7th and 14th day after calving. The calves that were fed with high quality colostrum had higher serum protein at 1day of age, 7.49 ± 1.01g/dL, than calves fed with low quality colostrum, 6.40 ± 0.86g/dL (P < 0.01). The increase in serum protein after first colostrum feeding of high and low quality colostrum was 1.55 ± 1.07 and 0.81 ± 0.69g/dL, respectively (P = 0.02).

The concentration of anticitrullinated protein antibodies in serum and synovial fluid in relation to total immunoglobulin concentrations

BackgroundAnticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are one of the best predictors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Nonetheless, relatively little information is present on the absolute concentration of ACPA in relation...

Involvement of (IgG and IgM)-secreting B lymphocytes in severity of autoimmune hepatitis type 1

Autoimmune hepatitis type 1 (AIH1) is an autoimmune disease attacks the liver and characterized by periportal inflammation, elevated immunoglobulins, and autoantibodies. The central role of B lymphocyte in pathogenicity of AIH1 is unclear. Here, the effect of antibody-secreting cells activity in terms of number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) on severity of AIH1 was evaluated. The high number of PFC-(IgG and IgM) in peripheral blood of patients with AIH1 was observed and this was concomitant with increase in the number of CD4+ T lymphocyte, immunoglobulin (Ig) (IgG and IgM) concentrations, and levels of liver function tests (LFTs). However, the negative correlation (r < -0.5, P < 0.05) between the numbers of PFC-(IgG and IgM) and CD8+ T lymphocytes was reported here. The present study showed the positive relationship between the concentrations of Ig (IgG and IgM) and levels of LFTs (r > +0.5, P < 0.05). The high expression of IL-10 mRNA was found in the tissue culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients with AIH1 as compared with that isolated from control group (P < 0.05). The current study proved the direct role of (IgG and IgM)-secreting cells in severity of AIH1. This was associated with CD4+ cell numbers and IL-10 mRNA expression, and mediated by IgG and IgM.

Potentiation of Immunity of Piglets to Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccine with Fused Gene for Pig IL-4 and IL-6 Embodied in Chitosan Nanoparticles

The novel reco mbinant euka ryotic VRPIL4/ 6 p lasmid, the secretory VR1020 vector containing fused pig IL-6 and IL-4 genes, was encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) prepared by use of ionotropic gelat ion method and then used to inoculate intramuscularly forty 14-day-old piglets using 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5mg/per anima l, which were simu ltaneously injected with inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine and challenged on 10 weeks post vaccination, which were designated as group A1, A2 and A3. Blood was collected every two weeks fro m the piglets after vaccination to detect the changes in immunoglobulin, specific antibod y, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and immune ce lls. Co mpared to the control piglets with VR1020-CNP, the concentration of Ig G, IgA and IgM, specific antibody, interleukins and IFN-γ significantly increased in the sera of the groups treated with the fusion genes fro m 14 to 70 days after vaccination (P<0.05); furthermore, the nu mber of TH, TC and CD3+ T ce lls was raised significantly in the blood of the treated piglets (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the ly mphocytes and monocytes also significantly rose in the treated groups (P<0.05). The hu mora l and ce llu lar immune inde xes of the A3 group increased to different e xtents in co mparison with those of A 1 and A 2 group fro m 14 to 56 days post inoculation (P>0.05 or P<0.05). The protection against challenge with viru lent M hyo and growth performance of the treated pigs is markedly better than those of the control anima l (P<0.05). These results indicated that VRPIL4/6 entrapped with CNP can enhance the humora l and cellu lar immunity of pigs to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine, and elevate the immunoprotection level of treated anima l, wh ich could facilitate the development of effective immunoadjuvant against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae of pig.

Prevalence of Bronchiectasis in Asthma according to Oral Steroid Requirement: Influence of Immunoglobulin Levels

Purpose. To establish the prevalence of bronchiectasis in asthma in relation to patients' oral corticosteroid requirements and to explore whether the increased risk is due to blood immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration. Methods. Case-control cross-sectional study, including 100 sex- and age-matched patients, 50 with non-steroid-dependent asthma (NSDA) and 50 with steroid-dependent asthma (SDA). Study protocol: (a) measurement of Ig and gG subclass concentration; (b) forced spirometry; and (c) high-resolution thoracic computed tomography. When bronchiectasis was detected, a specific etiological protocol was applied to establish its etiology. Results. The overall prevalence of bronchiectasis was 12/50 in the SDA group and 6/50 in the NSDA group (p = ns). The etiology was documented in six patients (four NSDA and two SDA). After excluding these patients, the prevalence of bronchiectasis was 20% (10/50) in the SDA group and 2/50 (4%) in the NSDA group (P < 0.05). Patients with asthma-associated bronchiectasis presented lower FEV1 values than patients without bronchiectasis, but the levels of Ig and subclasses of IgG did not present differences. Conclusions. Steroid-dependent asthma seems to be associated with a greater risk of developing bronchiectasis than non-steroid-dependent asthma. This is probably due to the disease itself rather than to other influencing factors such as immunoglobulin levels.

Iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides in a hybrid complex of bush honeysuckles (Lonicera spp., Caprifolicaceae): Implications for evolutionary ecology and invasion biology

Interspecific hybridization among non-native plant species can generate genotypes that are more reproductively successful in the introduced habitat than either parent. One important mechanism that may serve as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in hybrids is increased variation in secondary metabolite chemistry, but still very little is known about patterns of chemical trait introgression in plant hybrid zones. This study examined the occurrence of iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides (IGs), an important group of plant defense compounds, in three species of honeysuckle, Lonicera morrowii A. Gray, Lonicera tatarica L., and their hybrid Lonicera×bella Zabel. (Caprifoliaceae), all of which are considered invasive in various parts of North America. Hybrid genotypes had a diversity of IGs inherited from both parent species, as well as one component not detected in either parent. All three species were similar in that overall concentrations of IGs were significantly higher in fruits than in leaves, and several compounds that were major components of fruits were never found in leaves. However, specific patterns of quantitative distribution among leaves, unripe fruits, and ripe fruits differed among the three species, with a relatively higher allocation to fruits in the hybrid species than for either parent. These patterns likely have important consequences for plant interactions with antagonistic herbivores and pathogens as well as mutualistic seed dispersers, and thus the potential invasiveness of hybrid and parental species in their introduced range. Methods established here for quantitative analysis of IGs will allow for the exploration of many compelling research questions related to the evolutionary ecology and invasion biology of these and other related species in the genus Lonicera.

Increase in Platelet Immunoglobulin in Alzheimer's Disease is Normalised Following Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment: Preliminary Results

We report a 16.5% increase in platelet immunoglobulin (Ig) content in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in relation to cognitively intact individuals (p = 0.021), whereas the plasma Ig levels were unaltered (p = 0.428). The upregulation of platelet Ig was not explained by age, duration of dementia, or degree of cognitive impairment. However, AD subjects treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (n = 21) had lower levels of platelet Ig (p = 0.009) than AD subjects not treated with anti-dementia drugs (n = 4) and similar to those of control subjects (n = 24; p = 0.069). The anti-dementia treatment did not influence the plasma Ig levels (p = 0.177). These preliminary findings require further confirmation in studies on larger number of AD subjects with various stages of cognitive impairment, and who would be assessed prior to initiation of and during cholinesterase inhibitor treatment.

Effects of dietary yeast strains on immunoglobulin in colostrum and milk of sows

The ban of antibiotic growth promoters in pig diet required the development of alternative strategies and reinforced the importance of maternal immunity to protect neonates from intestinal disorders. Milk from sows fed active dry yeasts during gestation and lactation exhibited higher immunoglobulin (Ig) and protein content in milk at day 21 of lactation. In this study, we investigated whether the administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains of various origins (Sc01, Sc02, Sb03) to sows during late gestation and lactation could induce higher Ig content in colostrum and milk. Results show that yeast supplementation did not increase significantly sow body weight at days 112 of gestation and 18 of lactation as well as piglet body weight gain from birth to weaning. In contrast, the IgG level in colostrum was increased in comparison with the control group when sows were supplemented with Sc01 at both 0.05 and 0.5% (p<0.05) and Sb03 at 0.5% (p<0.01). During the lactation, the level of milk IgG remained significantly higher in comparison with the control group when sows were supplemented with Sc02 at 0.05% and 0.5% and with Sb03 at 0.5%. Furthermore, in comparison with the control sows, the level of milk IgA was significantly maintained in sows supplemented with the 3 yeast strains at 0.05%. The incidence of piglet diarrhoea was decreased in groups Sc01 at both 0.05% and 0.5% and Sc02 at 0.05%. Thus, these results show that the 3 yeast strains display immunostimulatory effects on maternal immunity, but only Sc01 supplementation at 0.05% allowed jointly the increase of IgG level in colostrum, the maintenance of IgA level in milk and the decrease of piglet diarrhoea incidence. This stimulation of maternal immunity could be associated with a better systemic (colostrum IgG) and local (milk IgA) protection of neonates and suggests that dietary yeasts may have stimulated the local gut immune system of sows.