Planning and problem solving across multiple psychiatric disorders in young adults.

ABSTRACT Online behavioral advertising (OBA) has become increasingly sophisticated over time, offering consumers personalised options and information. While often seen as beneficial, concerns persist about its impact on consumer autonomy, particularly regarding data privacy and behavioral influence. This study examines how perceived OBA relevance and deal value trigger compulsive buying, using Uses and Gratifications Theory to explain how personalised content designed to satisfy consumer needs may lead to excessive consumption. Integrating the Regret Theory, the study further explores how compulsive buying leads to post-purchase regret, ultimately leading to OBA avoidance. The findings confirm that both perceived OBA relevance and deal value positively influence compulsive buying, with regret fully mediating its impact on OBA avoidance. The moderating role of persuasion knowledge is also assessed, revealing that it weakens the effect of OBA relevance, but not deal value, on compulsive behavior. These results offer new insights into how OBA’s intended gratifications may produce unintended consumer resistance.

The objective of this study was to systematically synthesize the findings on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and technology-related addictive behaviors such as online gambling, impulsive and compulsive online buying, video gaming, online compulsive sexual behaviors, and problematic use of social media, the Internet, or smartphones. The inclusion criteria were containing early maladaptive schemas and technology-related addictive behaviors, being published in a refereed journal in the English language, using validated instruments, and being a research article. The exclusion criteria were being in a language other than English, lacking relevance, not containing online addictive behaviors, not using the Young Schema Questionnaire, and being a source other than a research article. Electronic database searches were conducted via Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science using comprehensive terms such as “maladaptive schemas”, “internet addiction”, “smartphone addiction”, "social media addiction", "technology addiction", "online gaming", "online gambling", "online buying", and "online pornography". A total of 11 studies were included. While technology-related addictive behaviors were associated with all five schema domains, the Disconnection and Rejection, and Impaired Limits domains were the domains most strongly associated with technology-related addictive behaviors. In general, this review indicates that little is known regarding the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and technology-related addictive behaviors. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand this relationship.

The ACSID-11 was developed to assess five patterns of problematic Internet use-namely, gaming disorder, compulsive online shopping, problematic online pornography use, problematic social networks use, and online gambling disorder-using a unified set of items grounded in the ICD-11 framework. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the ACSID-11. A sample of 1263 participants (76.70% females, Mage=40.89, SD = 13.72, range=18-83) completed the ACSID-11 and was included in the analysis of its factorial structure. A series of Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) confirmed the assumed four-factorial structure (i.e., Impaired Control, Increased Priority, Continuation/Escalation of Use, Functional Impairment in Daily Life/Marked Distress), which was superior to the unidimensional solution for all the patterns of problematic Internet use. Moreover, the second-order models demonstrated comparable fit to the four-factor solutions and supported the use of an overall composite score. A subsample of 999 participants (76.40% females, M = 40.59, SD = 13.67, range=18-83) also completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale, whereas the number of participants who completed the measures used to assess convergent validity varied depending on whether they reported engaging in the corresponding behavior or not. Convergent and criterion validity were supported. These findings suggest that the Italian version of this unified item set is a valid and reliable tool for consistently assessing different patterns of problematic Internet use.

This study examines the relationships among financial literacy, financial behavior, materialism, compulsive buying, and propensity to indebtedness among Generation Z in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Using survey data from 139 respondents and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the results show that financial literacy positively influences financial behavior. Financial behavior, in turn, significantly affects materialism, compulsive buying, and indebtedness, indicating its central mediating role. Individuals with weaker financial behaviors are more prone to consumption-driven values, impulsive purchasing, and debt accumulation. The findings highlight that financial literacy improves financial outcomes primarily through behavior, underscoring the need for financial education programs that emphasize behavioral skills alongside financial knowledge.

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of immersive shopping environments has raised concerns about compulsive buying behavior. This study examines the mechanistic influence of brand interactivity, consciousness, and attachment on compulsive buying in high‐ and low‐immersion digital shopping environments. In two between‐subjects experimental studies, we compare compulsive buying tendencies in less immersive (2D mobile apps/websites) versus highly immersive (3D metaverse stores) using survey data from Generation Z consumers in Pakistan. Study 1 shows that perceived active control and synchronicity significantly increase compulsive buying in highly immersive (3D) environments, while two‐way communication has a weaker effect. Study 2 confirms the findings of Study 1 and further shows that in high‐immersion (3D metaverse) environments, active control and synchronicity strongly enhance brand consciousness and brand attachment, intensifying compulsive buying, while their effects are weaker in low‐immersion (2D) environments. Two‐way communication influences brand attachment and consciousness but has a minimal indirect influence on compulsive buying in both environments. The study is among the first to understand the dark side of immersive digital shopping. The findings extend the compulsive buying theory, urge policymakers to regulate immersive retail environments ethically, and guide managers to design engaging yet responsible digital experiences that mitigate compulsive buying tendencies.

The phenomenon of shopping is an interesting topic from a social and economic perspective. Modern developments have given rise to different perceptions and goals of shopping. One such phenomenon is compulsive buying. This article aims to explain how compulsive buying is practiced by teenagers in Bandung. This paper aims to describe concrete examples and forms of adolescent shopping behavior in Bandung, which demonstrate repetitive behavior to gain certain social status and recognition in society. This study uses Solomon's theory of compulsive buying and James Coleman's theory of rational choice, which states that compulsive buyers are those who like to spend their money on things they don't need. Compulsive buyers will feel anxious if their desires are not fulfilled or if the desired item cannot be purchased. In economic sociology, compulsive buying, which is part of the economic process of consumption, can be analyzed using James Coleman's Rational Choice Theory on the phenomenon of compulsive buying among urban adolescents in Indonesia, offering an interesting perspective: behavior that seems irrational (wasteful/impulsive) is actually a rational and planned action to achieve certain social goals. This descriptive research aims to create a systematic, factual, and accurate description or picture of compulsive buying among adolescents in Bandung City. Based on the analysis, James Coleman believes that compulsive buying among Bandung teenagers is a strategic investment for survival in a city ecosystem that prioritizes the aesthetics of creativity. They exchange their pocket money for validation as contemporary or urban youth. They seek access to creative social circles and a sense of security from the stigma of being out of date in exchange for social recognition within certain friendship circles.

In face of the recent problems of adolescent’s mental health, such as depression and suicide, this study aims to explore the relationships between adolescent overconsumption (including overconsumption and luxury consumption) and mental health, so as to find out the poor mental health causal factors and offer corresponding countermeasures. Firstly, the main concept of overconsumption and healthy adolescent mental health will be defined. Methodologically, the study takes a method of defining six typical studies (3 about overconsumption, 3 about luxury consumption) as reference, and the methods include thematic synthesis, cross-sectional survey and statistical method (chi-square test, Pearson correlation). The results are as follows: overconsumption caused by social comparison, “face culture” and media will lead to anxiety, low self-esteem and compulsive buying; joint family pressure will promote overconsumption and depression. Luxury consumption will bring about two types of effects, the former being that it makes materialists feel satisfied in status establishment in the short term, while the latter is that it will cause inauthenticity in the long run and reduce social warmth; Western-centric samples will limit the generalization of samples. Conclusions are as follows: proposing mitigation strategies (value education, media regulation, consumer literacy integration), and suggesting future researches to explore causality issues and expand the generalization of non-Western samples. This study is conducive to promoting healthy adolescent consumption and protecting mental health.

Introduction: Compulsive buying behaviour (CBB), otherwise known as shopping addiction, pathological buying or compulsive buying disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by the persistent, excessive, impulsive, and uncontrollable purchase of products in spite of severe psychological, social, occupational, financial consequences. Psychological distress, a widely-used indicator of the mental health of a population, nevertheless remains vaguely understood. In numerous studies, psychological distress is “largely” defined as “a state of emotional suffering characterized by symptoms of depression and anxiety.” But how do you know if what you’re experiencing is psychological distress or a diagnosable psychological disorder, such as anxiety or depression. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the compulsive buying behaviour and psychological distress between 1st year engineering and 1st year B.Sc. nursing students with a view to develop an informational booklet on self-regulation in regards of psychological distress of selected colleges of Durg (C.G.)”. Setting and Design: A quantitative research approach with comparative research design was adopted for this study. The study focused on B.Sc. Nursing and Engineering students at Krishna Engineering College and Shree Chandra College of Nursing Durg (C.G.). Results: The result of the study were found in engineering 1st year 29(97%) are having moderate compulsive buying disorder and 01(03%) is severe compulsive buying disorder. In B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students 30(100%) are having Mild compulsive buying behaviour and psychological distress. In engineering 1st year mean is 130.96 and SD is 9.59. In B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students mean is 129.50 and SD is 10.27. In engineering student’s coefficient of variation is 7.93 in B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students and paired “t” value is 5.55 which show highly significant at the level of 0.05. coefficient of variation 7.32 of engineering student’s coefficient of variation and 7.93 in B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students and paired “t” value is 5.55 which show highly significant at the level of 0.05. Conclusion: The study conducted that the compulsive bullying behavior is higher among engineering students at comparison of B.Sc. Nursing students but in contrast psychological distress is higher among B.Sc. Nursing students as compare engineering students.

The association between impulse control disorders (ICDs) and dopamine agonist (DA) treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been well known and extensively researched since the early 2000s. The most common behaviors included in ICDs are compulsive shopping, pathological gambling and hypersexuality which confer substantial burdens to patients and families. DAs show a more stable effect on motor control and confer lower risk of dyskinesia than levodopa, however due to the burden of ICDs, DAs in PD treatment are approached with increasing caution. Mechanisms and risk factors for ICD development in PD patients treated with DAs have been linked to D3 receptor agonism, premorbid traits and genetic predispositions. In this review we sought to examine the relevance of the degree of dopamine receptor subtype selectivity and risk of ICD, and implications for clinical practice. In line with current views, we found D3 receptor agonism to be more consistently associated with increased ICD risk compared to agents with wider receptor agonism profiles. However, this may also be explained by the difference in extended release (ER) and immediate release (IR) formulations. These findings provide the possibility that both ER formulations and agonists with wider dopamine receptor profiles may be preferred in order to reduce ICD risk in DA therapy. However, DAs confer significantly increased risk nonetheless, and as such it may be advisable to limit the use of these DAs to clinical contexts in which their administration is strongly indicated.

Purpose Existing knowledge suggests that insecure attachments (i.e. anxious and avoidance) relate to self-gifting motivations. This study aims to expand and extend this body of knowledge by examining individuals’ self-regulation challenges vis-à-vis compulsive and impulsive buying tendencies on their self-gifting motivations. Informed by recent work on consumer loneliness and self-regulation, the authors further posit that existential isolation relates to self-gifting motivations. Design/methodology/approach The authors use partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate research hypotheses based on a sample of US respondents (n = 280). Findings The authors’ empirical findings from their PLS-SEM results provide support for their research hypotheses, indicating that individuals’ insecure attachments (anxious and avoidance) relate positively to their self-gifting motivations; compulsive buying relates positively to self-gifting motivations (except for celebration); impulsive buying relates positively to self-gifting motivations; existential isolation relates negatively to self-gifting motivations (except for personal disappointment); and compulsive buying and impulsive buying mediate the relationships between insecure attachments and self-gifting motivations. Originality/value In this empirical study, the authors expand existing knowledge of individuals’ self-gifting motivations and insecure attachments as mediated by consumers’ buying tendencies vis-à-vis compulsive and impulsive buying. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to establish the empirical relationship between individuals’ sense of existential isolation and their self-gifting motivations.

This study aims to measure the impact of digital addiction on the psychological and behavioral aspects of online shoppers, focusing on a sample of individuals from Iraqi families in Mosul. The research adopted a descriptive quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The questionnaire covered three main dimensions: the level of digital addiction, psychological effects, and behavioral consequences. The findings indicate that digital addiction is a significant issue, as it is associated with increased stress and anxiety, decreased life satisfaction, and a rise in compulsive buying behaviors. The study recommends raising awareness about the risks of digital addiction, expanding psychological and social support programs, and promoting responsible technology use. It provides valuable insights for policymakers to better understand the impact of modern technology in conflict-affected environments.

<p>Money Attitude </p>

This study aims to explore the impact of marketing campaigns generated by ChatGPT, versus those crafted by traditional human marketing managers, on consumer compulsive buying behaviors. The marketing mix is one of the most important tools used by marketing managers in their marketing activities. Grounded in the diffusion of innovation theory, this study investigates the influence of ChatGPT-generated marketing activities on marketing mix (MM) elements (product, price, place or distribution, and promotion), which, in turn, affect consumers' compulsive buying behavior in different demographic groups. In this scenario-based study, data gathered from the questionnaires were analyzed through structural equation modeling to compare the effectiveness of AI-driven and human-generated marketing strategies. Our findings reveal that in the context of the marketing mix, traditional marketing managers' marketing strategies have a stronger influence on consumer-compulsive buying behaviors than those generated by ChatGPT. These insights provide valuable guidance for business managers looking to integrate ChatGPT into their marketing strategies, as well as how ChatGPT could be strategically deployed across different demographic groups. This study highlighted the need for a demographic-sensitive, user-centric perspective in generative (ChatGPT) technologies.

This study aims to analyze the role of impulse buying as a mediation in the relationship between hedonic motivation and utilitarian motivation on compulsive buying among e-commerce users. The research method used is a quantitative approach with the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS 4.0 software. Data was obtained through an online survey involving 201 respondents from Gen Z in Pekalongan. The results showed that hedonic motivation does not have a significant effect directly on compulsive buying but has a significant influence through impulsive buying which functions as a full mediation. In contrast, utilitarian motivation has a direct influence on compulsive buying, but is not mediation by impulsive buying. In addition, impulse buying shows a positive and significant influence on compulsive buying, indicating that individuals who tend to make impulsive purchases are more prone to compulsive shopping behavior.

<p><span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tehnološki napredak i povećana upotreba interneta duboko su prodrli u sve sfere ljudskog života, što je dovelo do značajnih promjena u svakodnevnim obrascima ponašanja, posebno među Generacijom Z. Ova generacija, okružena tehnologijom od malih nogu, razvila je obrasce korištenja pametnih telefona koji često dovode do pretjeranog oslanjanja na takve uređaje za svakodnevno funkcioniranje i regulaciju raspoloženja, što može rezultirati kompulzivnim ponašanjem pri kupovini. Pandemija COVID-19 dodatno je intenzivirala oslanjanje na tehnologiju, ističući korištenje pametnih telefona kao sredstvo za bijeg od stvarnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti vezu između ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima i kompulzivne online kupovine direktno i kroz koncept regulacije raspoloženja. Empirijska studija korištenjem metode anketiranja provedena je u Bosni i Hercegovini početkom 2025. godine, na uzorku od 178 pripadnika Generacije Z. Pretpostavljeni odnosi između varijabli analizirani su korištenjem korelacijske i regresijske analize. Rezultati su pokazali pozitivnu korelaciju između svih istraživanih varijabli i da ovisnost o pametnim telefonima ima direktan utjecaj na kompulzivnu online kupovinu, kao i indirektan utjecaj kroz regulaciju raspoloženja putem pametnih telefona (djelimična medijacija). Veća ovisnost o pametnim telefonima može indirektno intenzivirati kompulzivnu online kupovinu kroz regulaciju raspoloženja pomoću pametnih telefona; Međutim, postoji i direktan uticaj ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima na kompulzivnu online kupovinu koji nije u potpunosti objašnjen posredničkom varijablom. Dobijeni rezultati obogaćuju postojeće znanje o razmatranim varijablama i predstavljaju dodatnu smjernicu za razvoj novih marketinških strategija, kako općenito, tako i posebno u kontekstu Generacije Z.</span></span></p>

Compulsive buying behavior (CBB) has developed and become a major issue, as individuals who engage in excessive purchasing cannot manage their urge to shop. Present research was aimed at investigating materialistic values as a predictor of compulsive buying behavior among adults, and further, it was intended to analyze the moderating role of neuroticism between compulsive buying behavior and materialistic values. A sample (N = 350) of adults aged 20-55 was collected from employees working in different schools, colleges, and banks, including males and females. Data was collected by using a convenient sampling technique. The Richmond Compulsive Buying Behavior Scale (RCBS) developed by Ridgway (2008), the Material Value Scale (MVS) developed by Richins (2004), consisting of three sub-scales of happiness, centrality, and success, and the neuroticism sub-scale of the Neo-FFI developed by Paul, Costa, Robert, & McCare (1985) were used to measure the relevant constructs. Multiple regression analysis was used to verify happiness, centrality, and success as predictors of compulsive buying behavior. PROCESS was used to assess the role of neuroticism as a moderator between materialistic values and compulsive buying behavior. Results indicated success and happiness are significant positive predictors of compulsive buying behavior. Further results indicated that neuroticism moderates the relationship between success and compulsive buying behavior. Moreover, results also indicated neuroticism significantly moderated the relationship between happiness and compulsive buying behavior. Findings of this research indicated that males significantly scored higher on centrality and compulsive buying behavior than females.

The rise of healthy lifestyle trends among Generation Z has shifted consumption from health-driven decisions toward identity-based purchasing behavior. This study investigates the influence of Relative Advantage and Compatibility on Impulsive and Compulsive Buying, and further examines the moderating role of Self-Control. A quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling, involving 220 Gen Z respondents in Bali who actively engage in healthy lifestyle activities. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS. The results reveal that Relative Advantage does not significantly affect Impulsive Buying nor Compulsive Buying, indicating that perceived health benefits are not the primary stimulus of consumption. In contrast, Compatibility significantly enhances both types of unrestrained buying, suggesting that alignment between a healthy lifestyle and personal identity drives consumers to engage in spontaneous and repeated purchases. The moderating effect of Self-Control was not supported, implying that internal regulation is insufficient when social norms strongly encourage a healthy lifestyle as a status symbol. Additionally, Impulsive Buying positively predicts Compulsive Buying, demonstrating the escalation from spontaneous to addictive consumption patterns. This study extends the S-O-R and Diffusion of Innovation frameworks by highlighting that healthy lifestyle adoption among Gen Z is primarily socially driven rather than functionally motivated. Practical implications recommend more ethical marketing strategies within the wellness industry, emphasizing mindful consumption and financial well-being

In recent years, blind boxes have quickly gained popularity among young consumers by offering the thrill of the unknown. This new consumption model has transformed blind boxes from mere commodities into outlets for consumers to vent their emotions, express themselves, and engage in social interactions. Consumers experience the thrill of opening the boxes to obtain unpredictable rewards, which triggers psychological anticipation and pleasure, thereby enhancing the appeal of blind boxes. However, some consumers become overly obsessed with obtaining the blind boxes they desire or pursuing rare editions, leading to excessive spending and causing personal financial stress as well as negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. The popularity of blind boxes is driven by complex psychological mechanisms. This study aims to explain these mechanisms from easily understandable aspects such as social comparison and self-identity, compulsive buying disorder, and operant conditioning. The study focuses on the psychological motivations behind blind box consumption, analyzes its potential harms, and provides certain solutions and strategies. The research finds that understanding the psychological motivations of blind box consumption can help prevent excessive spending behavior, enhance consumers' self-regulation abilities, and provide a scientific basis for social management and business practices.

Introduction: Disorders of financial behavior, including compulsive buying and pathological debt, can reveal underlying psychiatric or neurocognitive disorders. This work presents a complex clinical case illustrating these interactions. Clinical case: A complete clinical evaluation was performed, including a detailed medical history, a standardized psychiatric examination, a physical examination, and further investigations (brain CT scan, EEG, laboratory tests). Diagnostic hypotheses were formulated according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). Mrs. Imam, 60 years old, hypertensive and diabetic, has exhibited repetitive debt patterns and a specific compulsion to buy kitchen utensils for the past ten years. Psychiatric examination reveals a schizoid personality, bradypsychia, distorted judgment, and a depressed mood. Discussion: Diagnostic hypotheses include oniomania, negative symptom schizophrenia, vascular dementia, and possible early-onset dementia. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to differential diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Early detection of anomalies in financial behavior should raise concerns about possible psychiatric or cognitive vulnerability, requiring a thorough and coordinated clinical evaluation. Keywords: Compulsive buying, pathological debt; vascular neurocognitive disorder, Gabon.