Compressed Air Energy Storage Power Research Articles

Research on the Construction Process Scheme of Artificial Chamber of Compressed Air Energy Storage Power Station

AbstractThe introduction of a new power system centered on renewable energy presents significant opportunities for compressed air energy storage (CAES), which boasts noteworthy advantages such as scalability, cost‐effectiveness, longevity, and rapid construction timelines. However, a considerable constraint on the advancement of affordable air energy storage is the need for substantial gas storage capacity. For instance, a single compressed air project with a capacity of 300 MW over 5 hours necessitates more than 500,000 cubic meters of gas storage space. Due to the extensive gas storage requirements of large‐scale CAES facilities, surface storage solutions are typically only viable for smaller power stations and are largely confined to experimental phases. Furthermore, the capital investment for these above‐ground facilities tends to be higher than that for underground alternatives. Consequently, to optimize both economic viability and storage capacity, underground gas storage solutions are predominantly utilized in projects currently under development or in the planning stage. Gas storage infrastructure represents a crucial component of a CAES power station, serving as a key determinant for both construction costs and site selection as well as being pivotal to the technical efficiency and safety of energy operations. This paper integrates hydropower and extraction construction methodologies, thoroughly evaluates the economic implications and periodic nature of construction, and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of various construction techniques in relation to specific projects. This analysis aims to facilitate and inform the large‐scale implementation of forthcoming compressed air energy storage initiatives.

Dynamic modeling and analysis of compressed air energy storage for multi-scenario regulation requirements

Dynamic modeling and analysis of compressed air energy storage for multi-scenario regulation requirements

Design of Underwater Compressed Air Flexible Airbag Energy Storage Device and Experimental Study of Physical Model in Pool

Renewable energy is a prominent area of research within the energy sector, and the storage of renewable energy represents an efficient method for its utilization. There are various energy storage methods available, among which compressed air energy storage stands out due to its large capacity and cost-effective working medium. While land-based compressed air energy storage power stations have been constructed worldwide, their efficiency remains low. Underwater compressed air energy storage has the potential to significantly enhance efficiency, although no such device currently exists. This paper presents the design of an UWCA-FABESD utilizing five flexible air bags for underwater gas storage and discharge. Additionally, it introduces the working principle of the adiabatic underwater compressed air energy storage system and device. Furthermore, a small-scale physical model with similar functionality was designed and manufactured to simulate the charging process of the air bag in onshore charging and discharging tests as well as posture adjustment and lifting arrangement tests, along with underwater charging and discharging tests. These experiments validated the related functions of the designed underwater compressed air flexible bag energy storage device while proposing methods for its improvement. This research provides a new approach to underwater compressed air energy storage.

Risk assessment of zero-carbon salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station

Risk assessment of zero-carbon salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station

Feasibility Analysis of Compressed Air Energy Storage in Salt Caverns in the Yunying Area

With the widespread recognition of underground salt cavern compressed air storage at home and abroad, how to choose and evaluate salt cavern resources has become a key issue in the construction of gas storage. This paper discussed the condition of building power plants, the collection of regional data and salt plant data, and the analysis of stability and tightness. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation methods were put forward from four aspects, including ground comprehensive conditions, regional geological conditions and formation lithology, salt mine characteristics, stability, and tightness of salt caverns. The limit equilibrium theory was applied to establish the limit equilibrium failure mode of salt caverns under operating pressure, and the stability coefficient calculation method of the target salt cavern was determined by combining the mechanical characteristics. Based on the physical and mechanical properties of salt rocks, it was found that salt rocks with enough thickness around the salt cavity could be used as sealing rings to ensure the tightness of the salt cavern. Combined with the field water sealing test, the tightness of the target salt cavern is verified. This method has been applied to the salt cavern screening and evaluation of a 300 MW compressed air energy storage power plant project in Yingcheng, Hubei Province, and remarkable results have been obtained, indicating the rationality of the method.

Study on characteristics of photovoltaic and photothermal coupling compressed air energy storage system

Study on characteristics of photovoltaic and photothermal coupling compressed air energy storage system

Technical and economic analysis of energy storage in the compressed air technology with low capacity for the production plant

Technical and economic analysis of energy storage in the compressed air technology with low capacity for the production plant

Design and Selection of Pipelines for Compressed Air Energy Storage Power Plants

The principle of Compressed-air energy storage is that the compressed air energy storage system uses compressed air as the energy storage carrier, which is a physical Energy storage that uses mechanical equipment to realize energy storage, transfer and utilization across time and space. At present, Compressed-air energy storage is the second largest technology that is considered suitable for GW level large-scale electric energy storage after pumped storage. Compressed air energy storage has outstanding advantages such as large scale, low cost, long service life, and short construction period. As a key link connecting compressors, expanders, and gas storage devices, the compressed air main pipeline has characteristics such as high operating pressure, low internal fluid temperature, large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor pipelines, and frequent start and stop. The design, calculation, and installation of the compressed air main pipeline will affect the economy and reliability of the entire system, and even bring serious destructive accidents. This article comprehensively introduces the selection method and process of compressed air energy storage pipeline design, and further verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the design method through case studies of specific projects. It provides convenience and calculation methods for the large-scale development of compressed air energy storage projects in the future[1].

Modality analysis and algorithm design of stator short-circuit fault set for large compressed air energy storage generators

Modality analysis and algorithm design of stator short-circuit fault set for large compressed air energy storage generators

Review of studies on enhancing thermal energy grade in the open ocean

Ocean thermal energy conversion is one of the important ways to utilize low-grade ocean thermal energy. The main reasons for its low economic feasibility include high cost, small temperature difference, low energy efficiency, and high consumption of deep-sea cold energy extraction pumps. Some new means to improve the thermal energy grade may be beneficial to improve the economic feasibility of ocean thermal energy conversion, desalination, and other systems. The research progress and analysis results of ways to obtain low-grade thermal energy in the ocean surface by using solar energy, offshore platform waste heat, compressed air storage waste heat, and other methods show that (1) after using solar energy or waste heat to raise sea water temperature, shallow seawater can be used as the cold source, which can reduce most of the pump consumption and expensive riser cost of lifting cold seawater. This way improves the net power generation efficiency more significantly than improving the circulation mode and working medium and also significantly improves the economic feasibility. (2) Exhaust waste heat from offshore platform diesel power generation and compressed air energy storage power generation systems can be used to obtain a larger temperature difference between cold and hot seawater and further improve the efficiency of thermal power generation. (3) The low density of solar energy flow at the sea level leads to the high cost of offshore platforms. Incorporating ocean thermal energy conversion systems into floating photovoltaic power generation, seawater desalination and other systems can reduce the cost of offshore platforms.

Long-term stability analysis and evaluation of salt cavern compressed air energy storage power plant under creep-fatigue interaction

Long-term stability analysis and evaluation of salt cavern compressed air energy storage power plant under creep-fatigue interaction

China's national demonstration project for compressed air energy storage achieved milestone in industrial operation

On May 26, 2022, the world's first nonsupplemental combustion compressed air energy storage power plant (Figure 1), Jintan Salt-cavern Compressed Air Energy Storage National Demonstration Project, was officially launched! At 10:00 AM, the plant was successfully connected to the grid and operated stably, marking the completion of the construction of the first national demonstration project of compressed air energy storage in China in accordance with the commercial power station standards. After the successful completion of the continuous full-load energy storage-power generation test, it was officially put into operation to become a milestone in the development of new energy storage technologies in China.

Economical and Experimental Study of Hybrid Power System of Compressed Air Energy Storage with Photovoltaic Array and Wind Turbine Generator. (Dept. E)

This paper presents an economical and experimental study of large and small scales Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) integrated with PV array and wind turbine generator based on economic criteria. Two different CAES systems with three different case studies are presented in detail. The first model included wind turbine, compressor, and storage reservoir with different rating values, 220 MW, 200 MW, and 150,000 m3 for the turbine, compressor, and storage reservoir volume respectively. A small CAES power system consists of 5 KW isolated load fed by Bergey Excel-S 10 kW wind turbine is chosen as another application to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed presented model. The second presented model is based on real prototype testing and laboratory measurements supplied from a PV panel. A prototype model is built up in a small size to indicate the system characteristics and its main effective parameters. Furthermore, a case study on an isolated Egyptian village (Halayeb) is introduced as a third case study based on the basics of the proposed prototype system. The results prove the ability of the CAES system to supply domestic loads of a grid isolated village. Finally, the paper presented an economic analysis of the presented system.

Investigation of a combined heat and power (CHP) system based on biomass and compressed air energy storage (CAES)

Investigation of a combined heat and power (CHP) system based on biomass and compressed air energy storage (CAES)

A multi-criteria decision-making framework for compressed air energy storage power site selection based on the probabilistic language term sets and regret theory

A multi-criteria decision-making framework for compressed air energy storage power site selection based on the probabilistic language term sets and regret theory

Near constant discharge performance analysis of a dual accumulator configuration quasi-isothermal compressed gas energy storage based on condensable gas

Near constant discharge performance analysis of a dual accumulator configuration quasi-isothermal compressed gas energy storage based on condensable gas

System Configurations and Operational Concepts for Highly Efficient Utilization of Power-to-Heat in A-CAES

The increasing share of renewable energies requires the installation of large-scale electricity storage capacities in addition to grid expansion. Significant contribution to reach this goal is provided by adiabatic compressed air energy storage power plants (A-CAES), key elements in future electricity transmission systems. This technology allows efficient, local zero-emission electricity storage on the basis of compressed air in underground caverns in combination with thermal energy storage systems and, in contrast to pumped storage power plants (PSPP), it demands no overground geological requirements. Despite the achieved success of A-CAES systems in terms of efficiency and cost, further improvements in dynamics and flexibility are needed. One promising solution to fulfil these dynamic requirements is based on the integration of an additional power-to-heat element (P2H) operating during the charging periods. This modification allows increased power plant flexibility and further cost reductions due to increased thermal storage densities but is simultaneously associated with concept-dependent decreasing total round trip efficiencies. For the identification of suitable configurations, adequate concepts must be elaborated, and the influence on round trip efficiency as well as on cost reduction potential must be investigated. For this purpose, a system model for a two-stage A-CAES configuration is established and used for large simulation studies related to P2H locations and power, thermal energy storage systems, and central process variables. Therefore, time-efficient model reductions with well-justified assumptions are conducted, offering a simplified transient implementation of thermal energy options in the system simulation. On the basis of a promising P2H configuration including high potentials for cost reduction and moderate losses in round trip efficiency, an alternative concept is presented offering high exergetic utilization and additional cost reductions, which can be treated as a base for upgrading the existing CAES power plants and for modifying operational concepts.

Design and Operational Strategy Research for Temperature Control Systems of Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage Power Plants

Energy storage technology is critical for intelligent power grids. It has great significance for the large-scale integration of new energy sources into the power grid and the transition of the energy structure. Based on the existing technology of isothermal compressed air energy storage, this paper presents a design scheme of isothermal compressed air energy storage power station, which uses liquid to compress air, hydraulic piston to transfer potential energy, hydraulic turbine to generate electricity at constant pressure, and liquid occupancy to store the gas at constant pressure. Then the technical features and control strategies of its internal temperature control subsystem are studied, and the mathematical model is constructed. A hierarchical relay operation is put forward to address the actual construction and operational requirements of compressed air energy storage power plants. Finally, through physical platform experiments and MATLAB simulation, the feasibility of the design is validated.

Power-to-heat in adiabatic compressed air energy storage power plants for cost reduction and increased flexibility

The development of new technologies for large-scale electricity storage is a key element in future flexible electricity transmission systems. Electricity storage in adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) power plants offers the prospect of making a substantial contribution to reach this goal. This concept allows efficient, local zero-emission electricity storage on the basis of compressed air in underground caverns. The compression and expansion of air in turbomachinery help to balance power generation peaks that are not demand-driven on the one hand and consumption-induced load peaks on the other. For further improvements in cost efficiencies and flexibility, system modifications are necessary. Therefore, a novel concept regarding the integration of an electrical heating component is investigated. This modification allows increased power plant flexibilities and decreasing component sizes due to the generated high temperature heat with simultaneously decreasing total round trip efficiencies. For an exemplarily A-CAES case simulation studies regarding the electrical heating power and thermal energy storage sizes were conducted to identify the potentials in cost reduction of the central power plant components and the loss in round trip efficiency.

The effect of key parameters on the design of an optimized caes power plant

Due to the significant variations in electricity generation and its demand, the power plant owners are encountered with challenges of economic operation. Among all, Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology has proposed itself as a reliable and efficient solution to match the two sides. This paper deals with a modeled compressed air energy storage power plant which has been optimized thermodynamically through an efficient genetic algorithm code. The results of this optimized model, considered as the base case, show that the power plant is technically and financially justifiable. In order to obtain a more tangible realization, it is necessary to verify the results against the variation of key parameters. In this study, the sensitivity analysis is performed based on main parameters including plant loading and ambient condition and the resultant trends of each case are presented. This approach will help the designers to analyze the quality of their designs in different situations.