Comprehensive Research Framework Research Articles

Millennial Evolution of a Karst Socio-Ecological System: A Case Study of Guizhou Province, Southwest China.

The dynamic changes in socio-ecological system (SES) have exerted increasing pressures on the natural environment, leading to observable changes in terrestrial surface structure. Therefore, understanding the historical evolution mechanism of social ecosystems is crucial for the future sustainable management of karst regions. However, detailed quantitative analyses of karst socio-ecological system at a long-term scale are lacking. Here, we applied a comprehensive research framework for the SES of karst region to visually analyze the evolution of karst SES over the past 1000 years in Guizhou Province, defining five evolution stages of the karst SES. Concurrently, we characterized the interactive effects of drivers on karst socio-ecological system during every evolutionary stage, and then assess major influences between these stages. Despite rocky desertification as the main effect of karst SES driven by many indicators, the quantitative analysis indicated that human-dominated land-use change explained the expansion of rocky desertification. Although effective implementation of relevant policies partly compensated for increased environmental pressures, continued structure and function shifts in local ecosystem can challenge progress towards sustainability in karst region. Our findings provide scientific references for managers and policymakers to assist them to identify how environmental issues emerged in karst areas and how they should be addressed.

Just Research: Advancing Antiracist and Antioppressive Social Work Research.

The Society for Social Work and Research (SSWR) created its Research Capacity and Development Committee in 2017 to build research capacity across the careers of social work scholars. The committee has initiated multiple conferences and webinar sessions that have increasingly focused on antiracist and antioppressive (ARAO) research, including "Mentorship for Antiracist and Inclusive Research" and "Strategies for Supporting Antiracist Pedagogy & Scholarship: Reimagining Institutional Systems & Structures." This commentary integrates themes from these sessions and other discussions among committee members about strategies to advance ARAO research. Although SSWR board members reviewed and approved this submission, it is not an official statement of SSWR or its board of directors.

Research on the network connection mode of logistics economy in Guangdong province based on social network analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to clarify the spatial connection characteristics and organization mode of logistics economy of 21 cities in Guangdong Province under the background of the integrated development of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area, and explore the spatial development characteristics and influencing factors of logistics economy in Guangdong Province.Design/methodology/approachThis paper constructs the development level model of urban logistics economy in Guangdong Province from three aspects: demand level, supply level and support level, and uses the entropy weight method to measure the development level index of urban logistics economy in Guangdong Province. Then, the traffic accessibility index model is used to measure the traffic accessibility index between cities in Guangdong Province. Finally, using the social network analysis method, combined with the development level index of urban logistics economy in Guangdong Province and the urban traffic access index in Guangdong Province, this paper analyzes the spatial connection characteristics and influencing factors of logistics economy network in Guangdong Province.FindingsThere are regional differences in the development level of logistics economy in Guangdong Province; The overall network density of its logistics economic connection is large, but there is an imbalance in the network structure, and the core edge phenomenon is obvious; Logistics economic space presents the characteristics of double core development.Research limitations/implicationsBecause the research object is the spatial connection characteristics of logistics economy in Guangdong Province, the research results may lack universality. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to put forward further tests.Practical implicationsBy studying the spatial connection mode of logistics economy in 21 cities in Guangdong Province, China, this paper promotes the original methods and empirical contributions, and constructs the research framework of spatial relationship of logistics economy. This research framework is universal to a certain extent.Social implicationsThis paper is conducive to promoting the integrated development of logistics economy in Guangdong Province and improving the balance of regional development of logistics economy.Originality/valueFirstly, this study provides a new perspective to understand the spatial relationship and spatial spillover of logistics economy from relational data rather than attribute data. Secondly, This study enriched and broadened the research topic of spatial correlation of logistics economy. Thirdly, this research aims to promote the original methods and empirical contributions. Specifically, this study establishes a comprehensive research framework on the spatial network structure of logistics economy.

Neighborhood health effects on the physical health of the elderly: Evidence from the CHRLS 2018

BackgroundThere are more than 26 million elderly people in China, and due to the Health China strategy proposed in 2020, “Elderly Health” has become an important topic of concern for all sectors of society. Neighborhoods provide important social relationships. However, Chinese researchers have not extensively explored the impact of these relationships on the physical health of the elderly. MethodsBased on the data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we constructed a comprehensive research framework integrating ordinary least square (OLS) regression, heterogeneity analysis, IV-2SLS, robustness testing, and Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) mediating effect analysis, which can be used to thoroughly examine neighborhood health effects (NHEs) in relation to the physical health of the elderly. ResultsThe OLS results showed that the NHEs (B = 0.4689, p < 0.01) had a positive influence on the physical health of the elderly, and were lower than the NHEs estimated by IV-2SLS (B = 0.5018, p < 0.01). The mediating effects of social networks and social relationships were analyzed using KHB, and both the total (B = 0.6056, p < 0.01) and indirect (B = 0.0800, p < 0.01) effects on neighborhood health were significant, with the total effect being 10 times larger than the direct effect and 13.24% of the total effect coming from the mediating variable. ConclusionsFirstly, the NHEs positively influence the physical health of elderly persons, but there are heterogeneous differences. Secondly, the IV-2SLS estimation results suggest that not controlling for endogeneity leads to underestimation of the role of the NHEs. Thirdly, using the county-level NHEs, self-rated health, and health changes to replace variables, and grouping by smokers (small sample) and never smoked (large sample), the influence of the NHEs on the physical health of the elderly is robust. Finally, social networks and social relationships are important transmission mechanisms of the NHEs when it comes to the physical health of the elderly.

The extended reality technology (ERT) framework for designing customer and service experiences in phygital settings: a service research agenda

PurposeBecause new-age technologies are gaining a broader interest among service scholars and practitioners, it is critical to identify these technologies and examine the roles they play. The examination needs to be conducted to design engaging customer and service experiences in new phygital settings that connect physical and digital environments. This review article aims to provide researchers with a new comprehensive and integrative extended reality technology (ERT) framework. The framework serves as the basis for an all-inclusive view of ERT types in order to explore the different types of technology used to design phygital customer and service experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis article reviews prior works on the role technology plays in terms of customer experiences across various fields of research, including consumer, marketing and service literature. Adopting an experiential and phygital perspective as well as considering a consumer standpoint, this article defines the scope of the ERT framework by identifying categories of new-age technologies and their effects related to the design of phygital customer and service experiences.FindingsThe ERT framework proposed in this article offers directions for future research by adopting an experiential approach to technologies in order to categorize additional technological devices, platforms and tools that can be considered in the design of phygital experiences following several extension processes. These processes can enhance the cognitive, social, sensory and contextual dimensions of the phygital experience and thus create a continuum in terms of customer value from physical to digital settings and vice versa.Research limitations/implicationsCompanies and service providers may benefit from a new, comprehensive, focused framework that assembles different types of technology. The technologies can be utilized to design engaging customer and service experiences that deliver customer value from physical to digital spaces and inversely.Originality/valueNo prior works have proposed a comprehensive ERT framework for service research following an experiential perspective and a consumer view of the experience occurring in a new setting: phygital. By embracing the ERT framework provided in this article, future service scholars can examine the dynamics and types of technologies that can positively or negatively affect the design of consumption and service experiences in phygital settings.

Evaluation of the Synergy Degree of Watershed Collaborative Governance: A Case Study of Taihu Basin, China

Owing to the publicity and externality of watershed governance, collaborative governance among cities has become an inevitable choice to improve watershed governance performance and promote sustainable development of watersheds. Existing studies have provided many enlightenment on promoting watershed collaborative governance (WCG), while most of them investigated WCG from single or several dimensions with scanty quantitative empirical studies. Against this background, this study aims to establish a comprehensive WCG research framework involving multiple phases and diverse actors to empirically measure the synergy degree of WCG. Specifically, this study constructs a WCG index system composed of resource investment, open cooperation, and performance supervision subsystems that involves actors of government, enterprise, and the public. Using the complex system synergy model, an empirical analysis is performed to evaluate the synergy degree of Taihu Basin collaborative governance among and within cities in Jiangsu province, China during 2014–2020. The results reveal that the Tai Basin collaborative governance among cities was still in the run-in adaptation stage, which was primarily constrained by the discrete open cooperation subsystems among cities. The synergy degree of Taihu Basin collaborative governance within cities presented significant differences. Several targeted implications are proposed according to the results. This study provides a comprehensive index system for synergy degree measurement of WCG and could offer effective guidance for policymakers to design effective strategies for improving WCG performance.

The relevance of participation Behavior, organizational Commitment, and attitudinal loyalty to the management of professional associations

This paper studies participation behavior, organizational commitment, perceived value and attitudinal loyalty as psychological and behavioral antecedents of the intention to use the services offered by professional associations to their members. For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted and the technique used was partial least squares (PLS). The findings highlight the importance of membership commitment and attitudinal loyalty, which have a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between perceived value and intention to use. This study contributes to the literature on professional associations, due to the scarce research on the relationships between psychological and behavioral variables linked to the member-association relationship. Additionally, to date, the constructs involved had not been integrated into a comprehensive research framework in the field of professional associations. The implications for management are the new ways to improve the intention to use the services of professional associations suggested by our findings.

The impacts of China's crops trade on virtual water flow and water use sustainability of the “Belt and Road”

Since the “Belt and Road” initiative was put forward, the trade of crops between China and the countries have increased markedly. Agriculture is the most water-consuming sector, the trade of crops could influence national water availability via virtual water embodied in the products. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the water use of crops traded in countries along the “Belt and Road”, from the perspective of import and export of China's crops, based on the characteristics and driving factors of virtual water trade, we proposed the Water Use Potential Index (WUPI) to assess sustainability of countries and their crops, and constructed a more comprehensive virtual water trade research framework. Results showed that the import and export of virtual water in 64 countries was dominated by green virtual water content from 2001 to 2017, and China was in a virtual water trade surplus. The Association of South-East Asian Nations was China's leading importer and exporter. The level of agricultural available water resources, the proportion of the agricultural population, the scale of agricultural production and the virtual water intensity could promote the growth of virtual water trade in crops between China and countries along the “Belt and Road”, while economic model and the population structure played a restraining role. In terms of water use potential, China and Kazakhstan had great sustainable water use potential for crops, and the trade structure of other countries still needed to be further optimized. Understanding the virtual water trade in crops can provide a reference for the rational planning of crop cultivation and water resource conservation.

Aligning restricted access data with FAIR: a systematic review.

Understanding the complexity of restricted research data is vitally important in the current new era of Open Science. While the FAIR Guiding Principles have been introduced to help researchers to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable, it is still unclear how the notions of FAIR and Openness can be applied in the context of restricted data. Many methods have been proposed in support of the implementation of the principles, but there is yet no consensus among the scientific community as to the suitable mechanisms of making restricted data FAIR. We present here a systematic literature review to identify the methods applied by scientists when researching restricted data in a FAIR-compliant manner in the context of the FAIR principles. Through the employment of a descriptive and iterative study design, we aim to answer the following three questions: (1) What methods have been proposed to apply the FAIR principles to restricted data?, (2) How can the relevant aspects of the methods proposed be categorized?, (3) What is the maturity of the methods proposed in applying the FAIR principles to restricted data?. After analysis of the 40 included publications, we noticed that the methods found, reflect the stages of the Data Life Cycle, and can be divided into the following Classes: Data Collection, Metadata Representation, Data Processing, Anonymization, Data Publication, Data Usage and Post Data Usage. We observed that a large number of publications used ‘Access Control‘ and ‘Usage and License Terms’ methods, while others such as ‘Embargo on Data Release’ and the use of ‘Synthetic Data’ were used in fewer instances. In conclusion, we are presenting the first extensive literature review on the methods applied to confidential data in the context of FAIR, providing a comprehensive conceptual framework for future research on restricted access data.

A Retrospective Literature Review of Eating Disorder Research (1990-2021): Application of Bibliometrics and Topical Trends.

Despite the growing importance of eating disorders in society and academic literature, only a few bibliometric review studies using bibliometric analysis were available. Hence, this study aimed to explore and uncover hidden research topics and patterns in articles in terms of eating disorders over the last 30 years. In total, 4111 articles on eating disorders were analyzed using bibliometrics, network analyses, and structural topic modeling as the basis of mixed methods. In addition to general statistics about the journal, several key research topics, such as eating disorder (ED) treatment, ED symptoms, factors triggering ED, family related factors, eating behaviors, and social factors, were found based on topic correlations. This study found the key research variables that are frequently studied with EDs, such as AN, BN, BED, and ARFID. This study may help clinicians comprehend important risk factors associated with EDs. Moreover, the findings about key ED research topics and their association can be helpful for future studies to construct a comprehensive ED research framework. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use topic modeling in an academic journal on EDs and examine the diversity in ED research over 30 years of published research.

Industry convergence and value innovation: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to present a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review of industry convergence and value innovation to understand the current research status; second, to provide a coherent theoretical research framework for future research.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a two-step analysis approach by combining bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review to explore the research topic of industry convergence and value innovation. Besides, two bibliometric tools, HistCite and VOSviewer, were applied to this study.FindingsThis study found that Stefanie Bröring and Fredrik Hacklin are the top two most influential authors among all authors in the sample publications. Technological Forecasting and Social Change is one of the top-ranking journal that often publishes this topic of articles. Germany and the University of Munster are the most influential country and institutions, respectively. Besides, five core research themes were identified based on keywords co-occurrence map, theoretical lenses, factors promoting industry convergence, indicators of industry convergence, the impact of industry convergence and emerging research directions. Based on the above analysis, this paper constructed a theoretical research framework of industry convergence and value innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper only draw data from one database – Web of Science – which cannot provide broad coverage of the research topic. Besides, the bibliometric method of this paper is based on high local citation score and high-frequency words, articles in the skirting subjects’ area may not be analyzed.Practical implicationsWith the rapid development of technology, such as nanotechnology, radio - frequency identification (RFID), etc., the iterative upgrading of products also comes. As a result, the boundary between industries is gradually blurred, and the phenomenon of industry convergence appears. Therefore, managerial decision-makers are facing challenges of how to respond to the convergence phenomena. From the firm level, firms are facing the problem of value innovation of the existing product, new product development and core competence improvement. Industries are facing the problem of transformation and upgrading. This paper provides certain theoretical insights for both firms and industries to guide the practice accordingly.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to use a bibliometric method to examine the topic of industry convergence and value innovation. In addition, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of this topic and provides a comprehensive theoretical research framework for future study.

A city is not a tree: a multi-city study on street network and urban life

Christopher Alexander, a British-American scholar, famously differentiated an old (natural) city from a new (planned) one in structure. The former resembles a “semilattice”, or a complex system encompassing many interconnected sub-systems. The latter is shaped in a graph-theoretical “tree”, which lacks the structural complexity as its sub-systems are compartmentalized into a single hierarchy. This structural distinction can explain, or perhaps determine “the patina of life” in old urban districts and the lack of such in new ones. Alexander's idea, although widely influential, remains contested for its lack of empirical support. Subsequent literature failed to distinguish the structural differences between the old and new cities in systematic ways, nor is his asserted structure-life relationship verified with rigor. This study aims to test Alexander’s urban structural theory under a comprehensive research framework. We translated his constructs and premises into a mathematically testable form. The structural qualities of an urban street network, conceived as “semilattice”, “complex network” and “living structure”, were measured using graph-topological indicators. Urban life was captured using a combination of Twitter activities, Point-Of-Interests, and walking trips, aggregated at the district level. The structure-life relationship was tested statistically, after controlling for urban form and socio-demographic confounders, including land use, density, block size, parks, income, age, and demographics. This research design was implemented in London, New York, Hong Kong, and Gdansk. Our results support Alexander's early works that an old urban district contains more “semilattice” than new ones. This quality can be captured by Meshedness Coefficient, a graph-network indicator for a semilattice-shaped street network and a strong predictor for urban life. The same cannot be observed for “complex network” with consistency, and we found no independent associations between “living structure” and life, contrary to existing literature. The study shed light on the hidden relationships between urban spatial structure and behaviors, in both the virtual and physical world. We uncovered the British-American predilection of Alexander’s theory, which is well-supported by observations in London and New York yet less so in Hong Kong or Gdansk, suggesting the need for a locally-sensitive approach. The analytical tools developed can be of value for planning research and practice.

Conceptual Framework of Risk Control as Moderator on the Relationship between Determinant Factors Selection and Performance of SMEs in Indonesia: A Pilot Study

Only SMEs are successful: Indicates a gap in some effective ways to increase the size of faction while the achieving extraordinary performance and sustainable growth.&#x0D; Purpose – This paper aimed to help fill the gap by identifying factors related to SMEs performances and develop the conceptual framework to explain the relationships. This paper aimed to help fill the gap by identifying factors related to SMEs performances and develop the conceptual framework to explain the relationships. Some literatures showed a positive relationships among the variables; but the relationship is not yet decisive. The field observation and literary assessments suggest a secondary configuration that play a complete role among government supports, training, digital marketing, financial capital and small business performances, and also the risk control. Although the relationships among the six structures of the whole literatures were examined in detail, this article is one of several efforts in the study of six constructs in a comprehensive framework for further research. With empirical support, the proposed framework can provide effective alternatives to help entrepreneurs and small business players to develop their businesses effectively. Methodology/approach – The data was collected by using questionnaires and analyzed the KMO and Barlett’s Test by using SPSS 21 from about 100 respondents as entrepreneurs in small businesses in Medan, Indonesia. Findings – The result showed that all measured variables were &gt;0.50, means that the strong relationships among items need to be investigated. Novelty/value – As SMEs have the important role in economics for developing country like Indonesia, it is vital to understand how to increase the performance of SMEs.

The exploration of continuous learning intention in STEAM education through attitude, motivation, and cognitive load

BackgroundThis study proposes a learning cycle and a comprehensive research framework that integrates Bloom’s taxonomy: the cognitive domain (cognitive load), affective domain (attitude and motivation) and psychomotor domain (implementation of science, technology, engineering, arts, and math [STEAM] activities) to explore the relationship between these learning domains and learning intention. The proposed innovative mediated-moderation model includes second-order factors derived from the technology acceptance model (TAM) (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment), the attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction (ARCS) model, and cognitive load (mental load and mental effort) to explain the continuous learning intention of STEAM education.ResultsA teaching material was designed for the STEAM activity, and an empirical experiment was subsequently conducted. The empirical experiment of STEAM activities with our design teaching material (micro:bit with artificial intelligence-based concept) was conducted at a university and an elementary school; a total of 145 questionnaire survey data were collected after the activities. University student participants were 20–24 years old and the elementary school student participants were at the K5–K6 level. The results showed that perceived usability directly influenced learning intention and strengthened the relationship between learning attitudes and intention. The ARCS plays a critical moderating role that positively influenced perceived usability and strengthened its effects on learning attitudes. Regarding the mediating effects, cognitive load negatively influenced perceived usability.ConclusionsThe findings of this study revealed that critical factors affect students’ learning attitudes and intentions regarding STEAM education. The theoretical and educational implications of these findings were proposed to future instructors.

Research Hotspot and Evolution Trend of REITs Since the New Century—from the Perspective of Bibliometrics

To understand the research status of REITs since the new century, this paper uses VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to conduct quantitative research and visual analysis on 515 relevant documents in the WOS core database from 2000 to 2022. It has found that: 1) the core author group of the research topic has been formed, the cluster structure of the cooperation network among the core authors is obvious, and the distribution of the cooperation groups is relatively clear; 2) Core journals and related journals in the research field have already been formed; 3) The research on this topic has close international cooperation. Generally speaking, as the country that first gave birth to REITs, the United States has the highest scientific productivity in this field; 4) The research presents an overview of this field through the co-occurrence analysis and evolution analysis of keywords. Combined with the analysis of mutant words, it can be considered that this research field has formed a relatively stable research trend. Through the combination of econometric analysis and visualization, the research grasps the development context of this field and provides a comprehensive and clear research framework and structure for REITs research topics.

The interrelationship between the carbon market and the green bonds market: Evidence from wavelet quantile-on-quantile method

The 26th edition of the United Nations climate change conference (COP26) underlines the importance of financial products and markets related to “carbon” (e.g., carbon and green bond markets). We, to our knowledge, are the first to construct a framework based on multiple time scales and market conditions to quantify the interrelationship between the carbon futures and green bond markets. Specifically, we estimate it from short-, medium-, and long-term perspectives and different market conditions by combining the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) and two quantile methods to decompose the sequences into various frequencies and quantiles. We find that the carbon futures price unilaterally Granger causes the green bond index and empirically analyzes the asymmetric impact of the carbon futures with a two-dimensional quantile model constructed by the quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression approach. We find positive effects of the carbon futures in the medium to long term and erratic performance in the short term. The effects are more pronounced when both markets are in an extreme state. Our findings enrich the research related to eco-economy and carbon finance, providing a more comprehensive and detailed research framework, and helping others optimize investment portfolios and policy arrangements.

Need for a Cyber Resilience Framework for Critical Space Infrastructure

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a case for a standardised comprehensive cyber resilience framework for Critical Space Infrastructure (CSI). Based on structure systematic review and meta-analyses, this paper outlines the needs of a risk-based framework. Space assets are fundamental components of critical national infrastructure (CNI), whose destruction significantly impacts many lives. Moreover, today’s digitally connected space infrastructure is exposed to sophisticated and catastrophic cyber-attacks. This paper lays out the research gap to present the need for a comprehensive cyber resilience framework for CSI and future research and collaboration to understand the emergence of a new category of failures related to space-asset-reliance disruption risks.

A comprehensive framework for early-onset colorectal cancer research.

Sporadic colorectal cancer has traditionally been viewed as a malignancy of older individuals. However, as the global prevalence of the disease diagnosed in younger individuals (<50 years) is expected to increase within the next decade, greater recognition is now being given to early-onset colorectal cancer. The cause of the predicted rise in prevalence is largely unknown and probably multifactorial. In this Series paper, we discuss the potential underlying causes of early-onset colorectal cancer, the role of energy balance, biological and genomic mechanisms (including microbiome aspects), and the treatment of early-onset colorectal cancer. We have specifically considered the psychosocial challenges of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer at younger age and the potential financial toxicity that might ensue. This Series paper brings a comprehensive review based on the existing data in the hopes of optimising the overall outcomes for patients with early-onset colorectal cancer.

Consumers as co-creators in community-based tourism experience: Impacts on their motivation and satisfaction

A tourism experience is a continuous process. Yet, the following question remains an outstanding issue: How to account for a memorable experience when the experience encompasses periods that occur before, during, and after visiting a destination? Community-based tourism (CBT) allows visitors to establish a positive experience by playing an active role before, during, and after visiting a destination. The aim of this study is to create a comprehensive research framework to examine the overall experience of tourists when they act as co-creators. The survey design was used to collect 239 valid samples after tourists participated in a CBT activity situated in a traditional fishing village. Based on statistical results from partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), this study demonstrates that: (1) There was a more positive impact on co-creation of the CBT experience for tourists with a recreational motivation than those with a learning motivation. (2) Co-creation of the CBT experience had positive impacts on both satisfaction with the CBT experience itself and satisfaction with the impact of the CBT experience on their lives overall. (3) Satisfaction with the impact of CBT on life overall had a higher positive influence on revisit intention than did satisfaction with just the CBT experience. Furthermore, the results of analysis in this study are helpful to community associations or destination marketing organizations to create attractive experience activities.

Blockchain in the supply chain – A comprehensive framework for theory-driven research

The growing interest in applying blockchain technology in the supply chain management (SCM) calls for theory-driven research to develop better understanding of its adoption, deployment and use, and its implications for the supply chain. However, theory-based research on blockchain in the supply chain is scarce. There is a lack of guidance on the range of theories that can be used to further develop this emerging field. We address this need in this study. We draw on the existing literature to develop a comprehensive list of factors and barriers influencing blockchain applications in the supply chain and identify relevant theoretical perspectives that can be used in blockchain-SCM research. We develop a framework for theory-driven research encompassing four important facets of blockchain-SCM studies - intra-organizational, inter-organizational, technical, and external environment. We present a range of theoretical perspectives that can be used, alone or in combination, to advance theory development in each area of study as the pace of blockchain adoption in the supply chain increases.