Comprehensive Reform Research Articles

Analysis of Legislative Framework Governing Biometric Data

Biometrics has permeated modern technology, particularly within mobile devices, integrating into daily life. From the 14th century, biometrics has served as a foundational method for security, aiding in criminal identification through physical characteristics records. Advancements in technology have propelled the evolution of precise and automated systems for analyzing facial, vocal, and ocular biometrics. Major tech companies have adopted biometrics as the primary mode of user authentication, catapulting biometric security into the forefront of cybersecurity discussions. Despite the promising future of biometrics, governments worldwide are grappling with the challenging task of regulating the handling of biometric data. Mismanagement of biometric data could pose significant security risks to both individuals and public safety. Therefore, it is crucial to implement comprehensive regulations and legislative reforms to safeguard privacy and security in the era of biometrics. Towards this goal, this paper contributes to the discourse by identifying security and privacy issues related to biometric data. It conducts a comprehensive analysis of current legal frameworks governing biometric data through the lens of the CIAAA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authenticity, and Accountability) security framework. Additionally, it highlights emerging trends and outlines the implications for future policymaking and technological advancements in this field.

Evaluación de la adaptabilidad intercultural del inglés y realización de la enseñanza desde la perspectiva de la deconstrucción filosófica

Abstract: Since its emergence, philosophical deconstructionism has been regarded as an unconventional and anti-dogmatic ideology, which has strong reference significance for the reform of English courses in Chinese universities. China is in a critical period of transformation, which requires university English education to fundamentally change traditional educational concepts and carry out comprehensive English teaching reforms. At the same time, issues, such as cross-cultural adaptability and communication in Chinese English teaching, have gradually attracted people’s attention. The academic community in China has been discussing issues related to English education for many years, but few people have placed English education from a philosophical perspective. In response to the issues of insufficient understanding of cultural differences and incomplete cognitive evaluation systems in current English cross-cultural teaching, this article aims to improve people’s cross-cultural abilities through a deconstructive perspective, thereby better understanding cultural differences, respecting multiculturalism, promoting students’ diverse development and deepening English education. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the cross-cultural adaptability of English from the perspective of philosophical deconstruction and how to achieve English teaching reform in China, which has important practical significance for related fields. Through the study of English cross-cultural communication from the perspective of philosophical structure, it can be concluded that applying structuralism to English cross-cultural teaching helps to better understand cultural differences, respect multiculturalism, advocate dialogue and communication, and rebuild a new cognitive system.

Challenges of the Right to Fame and the Consequences of Its Violation in the Iranian Legal System

The right to fame, though increasingly relevant in today’s digital age, remains underdeveloped within Iran’s legal framework. This article explores the challenges and consequences of violating the right to fame in Iran, where legal protections are primarily derived from defamation and privacy laws, lacking explicit recognition of fame as a protectable legal right. By employing a descriptive analysis method, the article examines the existing legal provisions, key cases, and the interaction between fame, media law, and freedom of expression in Iran. A comparative analysis with legal systems in the United States and the European Union reveals significant gaps in Iran’s approach, particularly in addressing the economic and commercial exploitation of public personas. The study identifies legal loopholes, inconsistent enforcement, and the complexities introduced by the digital age as key challenges. Recommendations for reform include the formal recognition of fame as a distinct legal right, the introduction of specific legislation to regulate the commercial use of fame, and stronger enforcement mechanisms. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive legal reforms to protect individuals from unauthorized exploitation of their fame, aligning Iran’s legal system with international standards in an increasingly digital world.

On the Innovation of Applying Linguistics in the Teaching of MOOC under the Background of Comprehensive Reform

With the continuous progress of society and the improvement of comprehensive national strength, people’s attention to the education industry has increased significantly compared to the past. Various reforms based on education models and educational theory applications are constantly being introduced, resulting in many differences in education business compared to the past. This article aims to explore the innovation of applied linguistics MOOC teaching in the context of comprehensive reform. Through a review and analysis of relevant literature, this article proposes a linguistics teaching model based on the MOOC platform. This model combines online learning resources, interactive learning activities, and personalized learning support, aiming to improve students’ learning effectiveness and motivation. The research results indicate that applied linguistics MOOC teaching can promote students’ learning interest and academic performance, and improve their learning satisfaction. The findings of this study have important practical significance for promoting innovation in linguistics teaching in the context of comprehensive reform.

Das reformierte Fragerecht im Berliner Abgeordnetenhaus: wirklich eine Stärkung des Parlaments?

Berlin’s state parliament approved of a comprehensive reform of its question rights at the start of 2014: So-called big questions were abolished, and the oral questions were reduced to a spontaneous form . Since then, there have been only simple oral and written questions in the Berlin parliament which can be used by single parliamentarians and not by parlia- mentary party groups . Accompanying this reform, Members of Parliament got more finan- cial means to hire personal staff for their work . After the reform, oral questions were asked less often while there was a massive surge in the use of written questions . Moreover, Mem- bers of Parliament supporting the government asked more questions than before, and a focus on statistical and cost questions has become visible . All in all, there has been a trend towards frequent questioning and fast answering, at the expense of bigger question projects that serve developing concepts (in particular on the side of the opposition) . Whether or not the reform has led to a strengthening of parliament – which the reform proponents had advocated for – is open for discussion based on the findings presented here .

PROCESS OF DESIGNING PRACTICAL AND EXPERIENTIAL ACTIVITIES IN TEACHING MATHS AT GRADE 4th

Vietnam has been implementing a comprehensive reform of the general education program since 2018. In particular, the viewpoint of developing the mathematics program is to ensure streamlining, practicality, and modernity. The program focuses on application, connection with practice or other subjects or other educational activities; expressed through practical and experiential activities in mathematical education in many different forms. The article presents general issues about practical and experiential activities (concepts, forms of organization, meaning) and analyzes opportunities to organize experiential and practical activities in teaching Mathematics in Grade 4th, case study in Viet Nam. On that basis, a process for designing and organizing experiential and practical activities was proposed for primary school students to ensure 4 principles when designing.

Evaluating Service Satisfaction and Sustainability of the Afya Insurance Scheme in Kuwait: An Exploratory Analysis.

In 2014, the Kuwaiti parliament enacted the private health insurance law for Kuwaiti retirees ie, Afya to enhance service quality for retirees through the involvement of the private sector. The study aimed to comprehensively analyze Afya across three crucial dimensions: efficiency, inclusiveness, effectiveness, and service quality; delivery of services throughout the revenue management cycle; and its long-term sustainability in Kuwait. Conducted between June 2021 and August 2022, the study employed both web-based and hardcopy questionnaires, reaching a response rate of 78.79% from a random sample of 514 Kuwaiti beneficiaries holding Afya insurance cards. Exclusions were made for those who did not receive cards or declined participation, resulting in analysis of 405 completed surveys. The findings revealed that 95% of participants frequently utilized services from private hospitals, with a corresponding 78.79% satisfaction rate. However, when seeking medical services from government hospitals, respondents often opted to repeat procedures to ensure accurate results and diagnoses. Despite a strong endorsement for enhancing Afya's coverage plan (94%), over half of the respondents suggested a temporary suspension of the scheme to conduct thorough research and alleviate potential financial burdens on the government. Notably, a significant positive correlation (0.578, p < 0.01) was observed between beneficiary satisfaction and their experience with Afya coverage, underscoring the importance of aligning scheme operations with beneficiary needs. Addressing these disparities and improving access to healthcare services for retirees necessitate a thorough reformation of the Afya scheme. To address these challenges, the study recommends comprehensive reform through evidence-based research, enhanced information exchange mechanisms between public and private sectors, and broader coverage targeting younger demographics. These measures are crucial for ensuring the scheme's efficacy, sustainability, and alignment with the evolving healthcare landscape in Kuwait.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СТРАТЕГИЙ СОЗДАНИЯ РАБОЧИХ МЕСТ СТУДЕНТОВ В СФЕРЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The continuous development of economic globalization has led to huge changes in the field of education in Russia. Unfortunately, due to the serious social problems left after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian society found itself in a state of serious national crisis, and the field of higher education was not spared. Russian higher education has faced a number of problems. In 2003, Russia joined the Bologna Process and began a comprehensive reform of higher education. This process has made an important contribution to ensuring the quality of European higher education, implementing the integration of European higher education and promoting research and innovation in the field of European higher education. The promotion of innovations in education, especially in the field of higher education, has become a key factor in increasing its international competitiveness.

Kyrgyzstan at a Crossroads: Democracy and the Struggle for Human Rights

This paper examines the current human rights situation in Kyrgyzstan, a Central Asian country with a complex history and a challenging human rights record. Despite gaining independence in 1991 and making strides towards democratization, Kyrgyzstan continues to grapple with serious human rights issues. This analysis focuses on three critical areas: the use of torture by law enforcement and security services, restrictions on free expression, and interference with the freedom of association. This paper highlights the gap between the government's commitments to human rights reforms and the reality of persistent abuses and systemic challenges. The study finds that these human rights abuses are not isolated incidents but are indicative of deeper societal and governmental issues that hinder Kyrgyzstan's democratic development. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive reforms and continued domestic and international efforts to address these human rights challenges.

Tax Reforms in Bangladesh: An Overview

In both industrialized and emerging nations, tax reform is a subject that requires ongoing attention. This topic is discussed in terms of creating a suitable tax base, bolstering tax administrations, and guaranteeing equity, efficiency, and progressive taxation. Throughout the past forty years, Bangladesh has implemented numerous reform measures. Since there isn't much research on business matters related to these initiatives in the context of Bangladesh, this study aims to review those initiatives by emphasizing them. This study uses strategies for conducting interviews as well as content and document analysis. According to the study, the results of those reforms are not all that positive. While there are still notable shortcomings in enforcement, audit, and compliance, there are also some notable successes, such as the creation of the Large Taxpayers Unit (LTU) and Central Intelligence Cell (CIC) and the digitization of the tax process. The revenue implications of tax reforms indicate a somewhat improving trend in both direct and indirect tax collection, with extremely gradual progress being seen in the overall tax-to-GDP ratio. It would be wise to investigate incentive programs to recognize prompt compliance and commend tax officers for their achievements. Since there hasn't been a thorough reform attempt in the corporation taxes space in almost ten years, we urge the launch of a new, comprehensive reform initiative that addresses all of the impending issues. Designing of tax policy that promises professional administration and induces adequate compliance remains a major challenge for public finance in developing countries.

Impact of eliminating retirement earnings test on labor supply and pension benefit claims.

This study explores the hypothetical elimination of Japan's retirement earnings test (ET) for public pensions, focusing on its implications for older workers' labor supply and pension-claiming behaviors. The ET currently reduces public pension benefits for individuals aged 65 and older if their earnings exceed specified thresholds, potentially discouraging employment in this demographic. Notably, the Japanese ET influences both immediate and future pension benefits, thus diminishing current payouts for working pensioners and foregoing beneficial actuarial adjustments-adjustments based on actuarial calculations that would otherwise increase future benefits to account for delayed pension claims. This dual impact may discourage the labor supply and influence pension-claiming behavior among older workers. Through a survey-based experiment with male workers aged 40-59 years expected to face the ET upon retirement, we assess three reform scenarios as the first study in the literature: (1) eliminating future benefit reductions through actuarial adjustments, thereby enhancing the value of deferred pension claims; (2) removing immediate benefit suspensions to increase current pension payments directly; and (3) a comprehensive reform combining both approaches. Our findings reveal that eliminating reductions through actuarial adjustments increases the intensive margin (labor hours and income) and encourages delayed pension claims. Conversely, removing immediate benefit suspensions influences both the extensive margin (decision to work) and the intensive margin but leads to earlier pension claims. By highlighting the importance of differentiating between immediate and future benefit components in designing ET reforms, this study demonstrates their significant impact on labor supply and pension-claiming decisions.

Note from the Editor

As we are awaiting the 29 May national election outcome results, it seems that South Africa has underscored the electorate's demand for comprehensive reforms and a commitment to addressing pressing socio-economic challenges, signalling a pivotal shift in the nation's political landscape. Industrial engineering professionals are at the forefront of transforming South Africa’s economic landscape, particularly within the context of the country’s evolving political arena. As South Africa navigates a period of significant socio-political change, the role of Industrial engineering professionals has never been more critical. Industrial engineering professionals are uniquely positioned to drive efficiency, innovation, and sustainability across various sectors, addressing the urgent needs of a nation striving for inclusive growth and development. One of the pivotal contributions of industrial engineering professionals is its ability to streamline operations and enhance productivity. This is essential in a country where industries must adapt to new regulations and global competitiveness. Industrial engineering professionals play a crucial role in optimising supply chains, reducing waste, and implementing cutting-edge technologies, thereby ensuring that South African businesses can compete on an international stage. Moreover, Industrial engineering professionals could be more instrumental in advancing social equity. By designing systems that are not only efficient but also equitable, industrial engineering professionals contribute to creating job opportunities and improving working conditions. This aligns with South Africa’s requirement of reducing unemployment and fostering a more inclusive economy. In the new political arena, where policy shifts and economic reforms are frequent, the adaptability and problem-solving skills of industrial engineering professionals are invaluable. They are the architects of a resilient economy, capable of weathering political changes while driving sustainable development. As South Africa looks to the post-election future, the strategic role of Industrial engineering professionals will be a cornerstone in building a prosperous and equitable society. Let us tackle this challenge! This edition has a total of 11 articles, with 7 from authors with South African connections and the balance from international authors.

Can location-oriented policies promote the green transformation of resource-based cities? Taking the establishment of "Comprehensive Reform Zone" in Shanxi as an example

Can location-oriented policies promote the green transformation of resource-based cities? Taking the establishment of "Comprehensive Reform Zone" in Shanxi as an example

Beyond unipolarity and the Euro–American horizons of IR thought:Reflections on the emergent world order

Amidst the continuing conflict in Ukraine, the Russian President Vladimir Putin made a notablepronouncement of the end of the US-led unipolar world and the rise of a multipolar world order. Againstthis backdrop of the debate on polarity, my research paper seeks to address the following questions. Towhat extent have global institutions, mainstream IRT and academia as well as policies reflected if notreinforced Euro-American norms and interests? Does this purported shift to multipolarity require a shift ininstitutional and theoretical practices reflecting the broad concerns of the Global South? Using global andregional case-studies like India (especially in regard to the representation within academia and the glassceiling affecting institutional practices like Young Professionals Programme), I draw from critical andpost-colonial theoretical IR frameworks to argue for a comprehensive reform of the prevalent globalinstitutional and theoretical structures.

Youth Population in Pakistan: Leveraging Growth for National Advancement

This study examines Pakistan's youth, who comprise more than 64% of the population, and their capacity for change and the implications for the country's future. It examines the current demographic trends, problems like the lack of meaningful employment opportunities, education and skill gaps, unemployment, and the potential benefits of this demographic boom. To maximize youth potential as a catalyst for economic growth, social progress, and innovation and avoid the youth bulge becoming a socio-political strain, the article emphasizes the urgent need for strategic interventions and comprehensive reforms in education, employment, health, and civic participation. The study offers suggestions and measures to turn the growing youth population into a significant asset for national development and draws lessons from international examples, particularly China. To make the rising population of youth an asset for Pakistan, several measures are required. Firstly, investing in quality education is crucial. By implementing policies that guarantee equal educational opportunities for all young individuals, irrespective of their socioeconomic status, we can effectively provide them with the essential competencies and information required to navigate the challenges of the forthcoming era. This includes promoting technical and vocational training programs to address the needs of the job market. Secondly, creating employment opportunities is essential. The government and private sector should work together to generate jobs and promote entrepreneurship. This can be achieved through supportive policies, incentives for businesses, and fostering a conducive environment for innovation and growth. Lastly, focusing on healthcare and social services is vital. By prioritizing the well-being of the youth, we can address issues such as malnutrition, healthcare access, and mental health support. This will not only improve their quality of life but also enable them to contribute effectively to the development of the nation. By implementing these measures, Pakistan can harness the potential of its growing youth population and transform them into an asset for the country's progress and prosperity.

Yolsuzluğun gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri: kapsamlı bir literatür taraması

Corruption, a universal concept with deep historical roots, permeates societies and has varying implications on the economies. This study reviews the existing literature on corruption, with a particular focus on how corruption shapes income inequality, using an analogy of sand- versus grease-the-wheels hypotheses to explore the positive and negative aspects of corruption. Our aim is to contribute to the corruption literature by presenting theoretical and empirical insights in a clear and traceable manner. Previous studies on the relationship between corruption and income inequality have produced mixed results, which can be attributed to variations in data and methodologies. Some studies show positive associations between corruption and income inequality, while others show negative associations, echoing the controversy surrounding the sand- and grease-the-wheels hypotheses. However, there is also scant research suggesting a non-linear relationship between corruption and income inequality, characterized by an inverted U-shaped pattern. All of these diverse findings have important implications for policymakers, emphasizing the need for comprehensive reforms that address corruption and simultaneously tackle the immediate challenges faced by low-income individuals during the transitional period. In conclusion, this study systematically discusses the implications of these findings for policymakers and researchers, highlighting the relevance of this research for shaping effective policies and further investigations in this field.

Does municipal amalgamation affect trust in local politicians? The case of Norway

When municipalities merge, they grow and, at the same time, experience a comprehensive reform process, both of which may affect political trust. We explore whether and how the large-scale municipal amalgamation reforms in Norway in the 2010s affected citizens’ trust in local and national elected officials and assemblies. We examine the effects of both changes in size and reform processes using survey data on trust in local and national political officials and assemblies before, and at the time, of the merger. In contrast to studies conducted in Denmark, we do not find evidence that the Norwegian Local Government Reform had significant negative effects on political trust. We argue that this difference between Denmark and Norway can be explained by differences in how the two reform processes were implemented.

China’s Foreign Security Strategy Through the Belt and Road Initiative Under Xi Jinping: Achievements and Challenges

After becoming General Secretary of the Communist Party of China in 2012, President Xi Jinping led the implementation of a comprehensive reform of the national security strategy. Among that, the foreign security strategy plays an extremely important role in China’s national security strategy under the leadership of President Xi Jinping to realize the goal of the “Chinese Dream”, rejuvenating the great Chinese nation. To achieve that goal, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is the key strategy to help China rise to become a global superpower replacing the position of the US in the future. This paper uses a qualitative analysis method through secondary data collected in October 2023. The research results will provide an overview of the BRI. From there, the paper objectively and multidimensionally assesses the results achieved by the BRI so far, while reflecting the challenges currently and prospectively facing the BRI.

Prospects for the Application of Brick Walls in Modern Housing Construction Under Construction in Uzbekistan.

Since gaining independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan has undertaken extensive reforms across its national economy, emphasizing the incorporation of new technologies, scientific advancements, and best practices. This article focuses on the construction industry, a key sector in the nation's development. A primary objective is the promotion of energy-efficient construction methods for buildings and structures. The study employs a multifaceted approach, integrating modern technologies and drawing from global experiences. The results emphasize the ongoing development and progress in the construction sector, showcasing a commitment to sustainability and innovation. The implications of this research extend beyond national borders, contributing valuable insights to the global discourse on energy-efficient construction practices.&#x0D; Highlights:&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; National Economic Reforms: The article explores the impact of independence on Uzbekistan's economy, focusing on comprehensive reforms in various sectors.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Energy-Efficient Construction: A central theme involves the urgent need for energy-efficient practices in the construction industry, aligning with global sustainability goals.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Technological Advancements: The content highlights the incorporation of new technologies and scientific achievements as crucial drivers of progress in the construction sector.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Independence, Uzbekistan, Energy-efficient construction, Reforms, Sustainable development.

Current issues of criminal liability for interfering with the professional activities of journalists

This article examines the issue of improving criminal legislation regarding criminal liability for obstructing the professional activities of journalists and the issue of adequate protection of freedom of mass information is impossible without a comprehensive reform of criminal legislation and legislation on mass media. It is noted about the need for reform and law enforcement practice with mandatory consideration of the requirements of international standards. It is noted that the protection of the professional activity of journalists and the right of citizens to receive important information in a timely manner is possible only on the basis of a system of interrelated norms of criminal legislation, legislation on mass media and laws providing for citizens' access to information.&#x0D; The draft law aimed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to strengthen the protection of journalists, their close relatives and their family members from the use of threats or violence in connection with journalists' legitimate professional activities, as well as in the event of obstruction of their legitimate professional activities, is analyzed.&#x0D; Legal inaccuracies regarding the definition of the victim, different approaches to the definition of concepts and terms, lists, which entail certain inconsistencies in the qualification of criminal offenses related to obstructing the professional activities of journalists, lead to problems of bringing guilty persons to criminal responsibility. It is noted that the protection of the professional activities of journalists and the right of citizens to receive important information in a timely manner is possible only on the basis of a system of interrelated norms of criminal legislation, legislation on mass media and laws providing for citizens' access to information. The opinion is expressed that such activities will need to be strengthened after martial law.