Comprehensive Education Program Research Articles

The Impact of Peer and Cyberbullying on Elementary School Children in the Republic of Serbia

This study examines the prevalence of various forms of peer bullying among elementary school children, with a particular focus on the rising issue of cyberbullying. Utilizing a specially constructed Likert scale, the research gathered data from a sample of 98 children, composed of 51 boys and 47 girls, across grades five to eight. The findings reveal that verbal abuse, such as name-calling, mocking, and insulting, is the most common form of bullying experienced by children. Physical bullying behaviors like hitting, pushing, and kicking are also prevalent. Furthermore, the study highlights the significant presence of cyberbullying, characterized by malicious online messaging and social media interactions, which often result in emotional distress and withdrawal from social activities. The reliability and internal consistency of the measurement scale were confirmed by a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.775. The results underscore the importance of addressing both traditional and cyber forms of bullying to ensure a safer school environment. The study advocates for comprehensive educational programs that promote digital literacy and empathy among children to mitigate the negative impacts of bullying. Additionally, the research suggests implementing effective intervention strategies that include prompt responses to reported bullying incidents and providing support to victims. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on bullying by offering insights into the dynamics of peer and cyberbullying, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and preventive measures within educational settings.

Prevalence of tuberculosis among healthcare workers in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs) in India, a country bearing a substantial portion of the global TB burden. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the prevalence of TB among HCWs in India. Analyzing ten studies up to 2024, we found a pooled prevalence of 2391.6 cases per 100,000 individuals, underscoring the critical occupational risk. Factors contributing to this high prevalence include inadequate ventilation, insufficient personal protective equipment, and frequent exposure to multidrug-resistant TB strains. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for stringent infection control measures, routine TB screening, and comprehensive educational programs. Policy recommendations include developing national TB screening guidelines and improving healthcare infrastructure. Protecting HCWs is crucial to achieving India's goal of TB elimination by 2025.

Efficacy of a sexual development education programme for the mothers of primary school students in Türkiye

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a sexual development education programme designed for the mothers of primary school pupils in Türkiye. The programme’s impact on participants’ perceptions of sex education was evaluated using a 2 × 2 experimental design. Thirty participants, all mothers of primary school students, were assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data collection tools included a Personal Information Form, an Opinion Questionnaire on Sex Education, and the Sex Education Programme Knowledge Test (SEPKT). The experimental group participated in an 8-week Sexual Development Education Programme. Pre-test analysis revealed no significant differences between the experimental and control groups; however, post-test analysis indicated a significant improvement in SEPKT scores for the experimental group compared to the control group. Post-test results also showed that participating mothers held more positive views about sexual development education compared to their pre-programme perspectives. This research contributes to understanding the impact of targeted interventions in sex and sexuality education. The findings underscore the importance of providing comprehensive sex education programmes with targeted interventions for parents in Türkiye, which can positively influence their ability to communicate and provide appropriate education to their children.

The Significance of Integrating Critical Thinking Perspectives in EFL Programs

Various comprehensive language education programs have been employed by educational institutions to advance their curricula in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). However, the focus of most of these EFL programs was to improve students’ vocabulary and grammar without improving their awareness of the English language. The focus was on rote learning which depends on the memorization of rules and vocabulary without using the target language effectively. With conservation learning, students, as well as instructors, have been exposed to looking at the target language critically and how this language functions effectively within social, cultural, and ideological contexts. This study investigates the thoughts on integrating critical approaches, critical language awareness (CLA), and critical discourse analysis (CDA) into EFL programs to equip students with cognitive and analytical to communicate in the target language effectively. In this study, 20 participants from a higher education institution consented to conduct a semi-structured interview to measure the students’ inclination to include critical thinking courses in English language teaching. It has been shown that most students believe in the importance of critical thinking courses to be familiar with contextual awareness, assumption analysis, and imaginative speculation.

Access to Justice: Protecting Spousal Health from Sexually Transmitted Diseases Transmission within Marriage

This study explores how Indonesia’s present regulatory framework navigates to protect spousal health from Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) transmission within marriage. Employing a normative legal approach which combines statutory analysis and comparative methods. The analysis focuses on Indonesia’s regulatory framework. Findings reveal that the current regulations including the Constitution 1945, Health Law, Marriage Law, Elimination of Domestic Violence Law, Criminal Code, various Regional Regulations and Regulation of The Minister of Health. These regulations provide limited coverage of instances where individuals jeopardies the health of others, particularly spouses, through the transmission of STDs. Comparative analysis of Singapore, Cambodia, Brunei Darussalam, and the United Kingdom demonstrate a common emphasis on informed consent and risk mitigation, often achieved through criminalization of non-disclosure of HIV status. However, the study acknowledges the limitations of such punitive approaches in achieving sustainable public health outcomes. The conclusion proposes moving beyond the current framework. It suggests leveraging the Health Law’s framework for family health promotion and its association with disease control. This could involve establishing a regulatory system grounded in scientific research, prioritizing a consensual and holistic approach cantered on comprehensive education and prevention programs. This approach recognizes STDs as a social issue requiring collective action, contrasting with the tendency in some neighboring countries to view them solely as a medical concern. By addressing these legal gaps and fostering responsible sexual health practices within marriage, Indonesia can contribute to a healthier and more secure marital environment for its citizens.

Gender and Age Trends in HIV Incidence in Turkey between 1990 and 2021: Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analyses.

Background and Objectives: Despite a global decrease in HIV incidence, recent trends in Türkiye indicate a concerning rise, particularly among younger populations and women. This study investigates the local and regional dynamics influencing these trends using advanced epidemiological methodologies. Material and Methods: Utilizing Age-period-cohort analysis and joinpoint regression, we analysed HIV incidence and prevalence data from the Global Burden of Disease study for Türkiye. These methods allowed for a detailed examination of changes over time, identifying specific age groups and periods with significant shifts in incidence rates. Results: Key findings include a 13.03% increase in annual percentage change among males aged 15-19 and an 11.37% increase among females in the same age group. Additionally, the incidence rates among females have shown a significant rise after 2008. Conclusions: The rising HIV incidence in Türkiye reflects complex socio-economic, cultural, and biological factors, with significant increases among young people and women. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions, comprehensive educational programs, and inclusive healthcare services to align with global efforts and commitments. The study underscores the importance of incorporating young people in decision-making processes to effectively combat HIV in Türkiye.

Enhancing radiation safety awareness and practices among female radiographers: a comprehensive approach

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the level of radiation safety awareness and adherence to protective practices among pregnant female radiographers in the United Arab Emirates, aiming to identify gaps and develop targeted interventions for enhancing occupational safety.MethodsEmploying a cross-sectional design, the study surveyed 133 female radiographers using a self-developed questionnaire covering demographics, awareness and knowledge, workplace practices, communication, and satisfaction.ResultsThe survey showed high awareness among radiographers, with 97% acknowledging radiation risks during pregnancy, although 42.9% had not received formal training. Concerns over long-term health effects were significant, with 66.2% of participants worried about potential impacts. Despite these concerns, 83.5% had been informed about radiation risks and protective measures, indicating active information provision in many workplaces. However, inconsistencies in information dissemination across different work settings were noted.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need for standardized radiation safety protocols for pregnant radiographers. The variability in safety training and information dissemination suggests the importance of establishing uniform safety practices. Recommendations include developing comprehensive education and training programs for pregnant radiographers, ensuring open communication for radiation safety and pregnancy-related concerns, and enforcing clear guidelines for workplace accommodations.

Stop leaving people with disability behind: Reviewing comprehensive sexuality education for people with disability

Background: The pathologisation of people with disability1 has long affected the educational quality of the sexuality education they receive. Whilst concern for people with disability has been growing in some comprehensive sexuality education settings, the quality of education in these spaces is variable and typically accommodations for people with disability are not made. The lack of accessibility fosters few opportunities to learn about and practise skills related to establishing and maintaining social relationships, including platonic, romantic and sexual relationships, thereby limiting informed decision-making. Moreover, the lack of good quality sexuality education significantly increases the risk of sexual abuse, assault, and family and domestic violence – impacting people with disability’s self-determination, autonomy and ultimately, ability to work, live independently, and maintain their mental and physical health. Objective: Few reviews of comprehensive sexuality education programmes for people with disability have been reported. Therefore, four current comprehensive sexuality education programmes for people with disability were reviewed, including their content and the topics included; the feasibility of implementation including costs; different accessibility considerations for varied learners and disabilities; and methods of delivery. This allowed an assessment of their strengths and opportunities for people with disability. Results: The review highlighted strong positive changes occurring within the field, as well as challenges due to funding limitations, and the extensive number of topics under comprehensive sexuality education that need to be addressed in teaching and delivering quality comprehensive sexuality education to people with disability. Conclusion: Informed by the evidence in this review, we advocate for the inclusion of a more comprehensive range of topics, including gender and sexuality diversity within accessible comprehensive sexuality education for people with disability, and the establishment of appropriate forms of teacher education and training to increase confidence and comfort when delivering comprehensive sexuality education to people with disability.

Factors Associated with The Utilization of Immediate Postpartum Family Planning Among Women Attending Kibogora Health Center, Nyamasheke District, Rwanda

Although the main purpose of Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) is to address problem of unmet need of the existing Family Planning (FP), decrease pregnancies and its bad outcomes, the PPFP uptake is still low in developing countries. Little is known about factors associated with acceptance of PPFP among delivered women at health center level. This study sought to assess factors (Socio-demographic, cultural, and healthcare system related) associated with the use of FP methods among postpartum mothers at Kibogora Health Center in order to fill the literature gap. The study used a cross-sectional design with quantitative approach to collect data from 196 postpartum mothers attending the Health Center. Data was collected using questionnaires, entered into Microsoft Excel, and exported in SPSS for analysis. Of 196 women recruited in our study, 180 (91.8%) are using PPFP contraceptives methods. Factors associated with the use of PPFP methods at health center level include: mothers’ communication with partners about PPFP, which is likely to increase by almost three times the chance of using PPFP (cOR 2.7, 95% CI, 0.26, 0.33; P=0.03) compared with those who never communicate with their partners, and mothers delivered by caesarean section are by seven times more likely to accept PPFP (cOR 7.05, 95% CI, 0.08, 0.10); P=0.008) compared with those who undergo vaginal delivery. Therefore, strengthen a comprehensive education program aiming at scaling up communication between mothers and their partners about PPFP, and the role of PPFP on decreasing spontaneous pregnancies and bad pregnancy outcomes regardless the mode of delivery are recommended.

Effectiveness of a Community-Based First Aid Education Program on Choking for Laypersons in Surabaya, Indonesia: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Choking is a leading cause of accidental death, particularly among children and the elderly. Prompt first aid, especially the Heimlich maneuver, is crucial in preventing fatalities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based first aid education program on choking in Surabaya, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental, pre-post design was implemented in Surabaya. Participants were recruited from various community settings (workplaces and community centers). The intervention group received a comprehensive first aid education program on choking, while the control group received standard health education. Knowledge and skills related to choking first aid were assessed before and after the intervention. A total of 350 participants completed the study (175 per group). The intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in knowledge (p < 0.001) and skills (p < 0.001) related to choking first aid compared to the control group. Additionally, the intervention group reported increased confidence in their ability to respond to choking emergencies. The community-based first aid education program significantly enhanced knowledge, skills, and confidence in choking first aid among laypersons in Surabaya. Such programs should be considered as a public health strategy to reduce choking-related morbidity and mortality.

Determinants of Contraceptive Use Among Teenage Girls Aged (15-19) in Eastern Province, Zambia

Access to sexual and reproductive health information and services among the young people remains a highly contested issue in many traditional societies Zambia included. Access to youth-friendly health services such as contraceptives is vital for ensuring the well-being of adolescents. This study endeavoured to establish determinants of contraceptive use among teenage girls aged 15 to 19 years in Eastern Province, Zambia. This was a mixed methods study that employed a sequential explanatory design. In the quantitative arm, the study utilized the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) women's dataset for Eastern Province, focusing on 326 teenage girls aged 15-19 years. The ZDHS data collection was done using multiple cluster sampling method and through household survey. The qualitative arm involved 6 focus group discussions with parents, 4 interviews with teachers and 6 interviews with healthcare providers in Petauke district. Contraceptive prevalence rate, and socio-economic and demographic factors influencing contraceptive use were measured in the quantitative part. The perception on teenage contraceptive use among key influencers was assessed in the qualitative arm. The prevalence of contraceptive use among teenage girls in Eastern province was at16%. Age, marital status, parity, visiting a health facility, being visited by a health provider and hearing about family planning on radio were significantly associated with contraceptive use (p< 0.05). Moreover, teenage girls who had ever been married had higher odds of contraceptive use than unmarried ones (AOR 3.57, 95% CI, 1.59, 8.01, p = 0.002). Further, those who heard about family planning at the health facility (AOR 2.37, 95% CI, 1.08, 5.21, p = 0.031) and those who heard on radio (AOR 2.55, 95% CI, 1.05-6.19, p = 0.038) had higher odds of contraceptive use than those who did not. The qualitative results found that most parents and teachers opposed the use of contraceptive by teenagers, while health providers supported it. Barriers to contraceptive use included religious beliefs, personal beliefs of healthcare providers, myths and misconceptions, and the fear of social stigma by teenagers. Whether or not adolescents have access to contraceptives, the decision to use them is heavily influenced by parents, and to some extent, teachers and health providers. Therefore, it is important to implement comprehensive educational programs not only for teenagers, but also for parents, teachers and healthcare providers, dispelling myths about contraceptives.

Prevalence of Smoking Among School Students in Iraq.

Background Developing communities like Iraq are critical to building a good community environment. Many complex patterns of behaviors like smoking among adolescents have been exacerbated rapidly in the current era which led to changes in the Iraqi community's perspectives and life expectancy. This study aims to find out the prevalence of smoking among secondary school students in Iraq and their perceived contributing factors. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used with a representative sample of Iraqi school students recruited through a multistage cluster randomization from the Nineveh Governorate's intermediate and secondary schools to ensure the representation of the general public strata. A total of 330 students were randomly selected from eight schools distributed all over Mosul city (the center of Nineveh Governorate) and its boundaries semi-rural areas. Data collection utilized a standardized, anonymous questionnaire based on the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) administered within classrooms with the researcher's presence. The questionnaire included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics of the students, smoking state, smoking types, frequency of smoking, relative smoking state, opinion on predisposing factors for initiation of smoking, and knowledge about hazards of smoking. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 to calculate frequency distribution with further logistic regression analysis was performed to identify statistically significant factors contributing to initiation of smoking among the student participants with p-value estimation of any compares considered significant below 0.05. Results Prevenance of all types of smoking was 24.5% from 330 students with 30% from 246 males and 7%from 84 females has been encountered. Hookah (Shisha) was the most prevalent type of smoking.About a third of the smoker sample reported smoking at least once daily. Peer pressure (OR=3.49, P< 0.001) or family smoking (OR=1.769, P=0.019) emerged as the strongest influence for initiation of smoking, besides stress (OR=2.23, P= 0.04) and personality traits like stammering and jealousy (OR=2.58, P= 0.013), (OR=2.22, P= 0.017, respectively) have also significant odds. Interestingly, media (movie star) influence played a significant role also. (OR=1.492, P= 0.045). Conclusion The prevalence of smoking among the study sample was 24.5 % out of 330 participating students. Significant influencing factors were found that raised the concern and necessitated the development of targeted interventions. Implementing evidence-based strategies, such as comprehensive school-based educational programs and smoke-free indoor air policies, can significantly improve public health outcomes.

To Vaccinate or Not? Perceived Benefits and Social Media Exposure as Predictors of COVID-19 Booster Jab Vaccination Practices with Self-Efficacy as Moderator

Vaccination acceptance and its rates among Malaysians have generally been shown to be high during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, statistics from the Ministry of Health Malaysia show that the uptake for booster jab vaccination among Malaysians is significantly lower than the rate of uptake when the first dose of vaccinations was offered. Thus, this study examined the perceived benefits and social media exposure of booster jab vaccination practices among Malaysians, moderated by self-efficacy. The study used the Stimulus-Response model as a theoretical basis. A quantitative method was applied by conducting an online survey and gathering 300 valid data. The study employed a non-probability sampling procedure that combined purposive and convenience samplings. The data was analysed using the structural equation modeling via Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results affirmed that perceived benefits and exposure to social media have a positive and significant relationship with booster jab practices. Meanwhile, the moderating role of self-efficacy established a negative relationship between perceived benefits and booster jab practices, and self-efficacy does not moderate the path between social media exposure and booster jab practices. The research findings provide an opportunity for more comprehensive educational programmes that focus on consistency in providing the public with adequate knowledge and communicating consistent health messages to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Conclusion, implications, and future research pathways are also discussed.

Validity and Reliability of The START Triage Knowledge and Attitude Instrument in Medical Personnel and Health Workers

Medical and health personnel have the potential to play an important role in triage START in the event of a disaster. However, it is important to have an instrument in evaluating the level of knowledge and attitudes of medical and health dragons regarding the START triage. This instrument is essential for the development of a comprehensive and efficient START triage education program for medical and health personnel. Therefore, this study aims to assess the accuracy and consistency of knowledge and attitude instruments in conducting START triage for medical and health personnel. A cross-sectional study involving 100 respondents. This instrument is created through a literature review. The instrument totaled 10 items of statements on knowledge and 10 items of statements on attitudes categorized into 6 groups: 1) disasters; 2) START triage; 3) START triage principle; 4) START triage indicator; 5) START triage implementation procedure. The results of this study showed 100 participants, the majority of whom were female with an average age of 36 years. All participants are medical and health personnel. The instruments used in the study were validated through content validity (Pearson Product Moment) and biserial correlation. Utilizing internal consistency reliability, the study found satisfactory inter-item reliability for all knowledge items (0.70 – 0.73) and attitude items (0.86 – 0.90). Conclusion: these findings suggest that knowledge and attitudes in performing the START triage are important for medical and health personnel

Body Self-Esteem and Sexual Satisfaction in Chilean Adults: Implications for Comprehensive Sexual Education

Sex education is a complex and often controversial issue, and in Chile, this is no exception. The country's progress towards a curriculum that extends beyond public health-related sex topics has experienced ups and downs, resulting in the current lack of a comprehensive program. Comprehensive sexual education (CSE) programs typically include topics known to have a positive effect on individuals' overall sexual health, such as body self-esteem. The effectiveness of these programs can be measured through individuals' sexual satisfaction. Given the limited national evidence on this subject, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between body self-esteem and sexual satisfaction in Chilean adults, considering various socio-demographic variables. The sample consisted of 203 cisgender individuals who completed body self-esteem and sexual satisfaction scales. The results indicated a positive relationship between body self-esteem and sexual satisfaction. Using multiple regression, it was found that body self-esteem explained 17% of sexual satisfaction variability. These findings underscore the importance of sex education and its impact on individuals' sexual well-being.

The Correlation between the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers about immunization with compliance to complete routine immunization in Wage Village, Taman Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Introduction: The under-five mortality rate in Indonesia and East Java in 2021 shows a downward trend from 2020, with the main cause of under-five mortality being infectious diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea. One of the factors that contributed to this was the increase in complete immunization coverage for babies in previous years; however, in the 2021 and 2022 periods in Indonesia and East Java, there was a significant decline in the number of complete immunization coverage. Community behaviour regarding improving health, in this case, immunization, is determined by many factors, one of which is the knowledge and attitudes of the mothers of toddlers themselves. Objective: Analyzing the correlation between the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers regarding immunization and compliance with providing complete routine immunization in Wage Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Method: This research used quantitative methods with a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected through questionnaires given to 90 mothers of toddlers aged 24-59 months in Wage Village who had a Healthy Way Card (KMS) or Maternal and Child Health Book (KIA); the sample size was calculated using the Compare Two Proportions formula, sampling techniques using Purposive Consecutive Sampling, and Fisher's Exact test was used to see the correlation between the two variables. Results: The results of this study show that there is no significant correlation between the knowledge of mothers of toddlers about immunization and compliance with providing complete routine immunization (p=0.434), and there is no significant correlation between the attitude of mothers of toddlers about immunization and compliance with providing complete routine immunization (p=1.000). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that neither the knowledge nor attitudes of mothers of toddlers regarding immunization have a significant correlation with compliance in providing complete routine immunization in Wage Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. Efforts to increase immunization compliance need to focus on other aspects, such as cross-sectoral cooperation, accessibility of health services and more comprehensive education programs for mothers of toddlers, families and the community.

Process evaluation of comprehensive sexuality education programme in Zambia: a focus on contextual factors, mechanisms of impact, quality of development and implementation process

BackgroundComprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is critical in addressing negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among adolescents. Yet in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) including Zambia, little is known about the impact, realities of CSE implementation, the quality of teaching and the comprehensiveness of the content covered.MethodsOur approach was informed by a process evaluation incorporating recommendations by the European Expert Group guidance on evaluating sexuality education programmes and the Medical Research Council (MRC) guidelines on process evaluation. The development process and quality of CSE implementation were assessed using eight and six quality criteria respectively. In-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), document analysis and classroom observation were employed to assess contextual factors, implementation process and mechanisms of impact of CSE. In-depth interviews (50) and focus group discussions (2) with seven pupils in each group were conducted among 64 purposefully selected participants. The sample comprised pupils (35), parents (4) and teachers (17) from nine secondary schools (four peri-urban, four urban and one rural), policymakers (4), and religious leaders (4). We employed deductive content analysis to analyse the data.ResultsContextual factors that influenced the implementation of CSE included: (1) piecemeal funding for the CSE programme; (2) lack of monitoring programmes in schools; (3) lack of community engagement; (4) religious and socio-cultural barriers; (5) lack of skills and competency to teach CSE; and (6) insufficient time allocation for CSE. The assessment of the quality of the development of CSE revealed: (1) a lack of sexual diversity; (2) no meaningful participation of pupils in programme implementation; (3) a lack of stakeholder engagement during programme implementation; (4) lack of gender sensitivity; and (5) lack of human rights approach. Assessment of the quality of the implementation of CSE revealed: (1) no evidence of skill-based CSE teaching; (2) no linkage between CSE and SRH services in the communities; and (3) a lack of incorporation of multiple delivery methods during CSE teaching. The mechanisms of impact of CSE were related to the acceptability and positive changes in pupils’ SRH practices.ConclusionThe complex influences of contextual factors during CSE implementation highlight the need for contextual analysis during the interventional design. Co-creation of the CSE programme through stakeholder participation could reduce social opposition and enable a culturally sensitive CSE. Comprehensive teacher training, a guiding curriculum as well as setting of appropriate monitoring tools and indicators are likely to enhance the quality of CSE implementation.

Primary care clinician engagement in implementing a machine-learning algorithm for targeted screening of familial hypercholesterolemia

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a multi-pronged educational approach on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) management at a large academic medical center with the aim of empowering primary care clinicians (PCC) to diagnose and treat FH. MethodsA comprehensive educational program for PCCs on FH management was developed and piloted from July 2022 to March 2024. Components of our intervention included: 1. Implementation of a novel clinical decision support tool in the electronic medical record for FH management, 2. Development and dissemination of an interactive educational website focused on FH and its management, 3. Delivery of virtual instructional sessions to increase awareness of the tool, provide education on its use, and obtain support from institutional leadership, and 4. Direct outreach to a pilot subset of PCCs whose patients had been detected using the validated FIND FH® machine learning algorithm. Participating clinicians were surveyed at baseline before the intervention and after the educational session. Results70 PCC consented to participate in the study with a survey completion rate of 79 % (n = 55) and 42 % (n = 23) for the baseline and follow-up surveys, respectively. Objective PCC knowledge scores improved from 40 to 65 % of responders correctly responding to at least 2/3rds of survey questions. Despite the fact that 87 % identified PCC's as most effective for early detection of FH, 100 % of PCCs who received direct outreach chose to defer care to an outpatient cardiologist over pursuing workup in the primary care setting. ConclusionEmpowering PCCs in management of FH serves as a key strategy in addressing this underdiagnosed and undertreated potentially life-threatening condition. A systems-based approach to addressing these aims may include leveraging EMR-based clinical decision support models and cross-disciplinary educational partnerships with medical specialists.

Sexual support and education for adults with mild intellectual disabilities: a Delphi study on multiple perspectives.

Providing appropriate sexual support and education for adults with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs) is a source of considerable debate, resulting in diverse, non-funded and potentially adverse practices. This study aims to identify a consensus among experts regarding what conditions are conducive to successful sexual support and education for adults with mild IDs. A Delphi study was conducted with 13 experts, including experts-by-experience, relatives, support staff, psychologists and sexologists. Qualitative data on the conditions for sexual support and education were gathered in the first round and thematically analysed. In the following three quantitative rounds, consensus was achieved using Likert-type response scales and participants' feedback. Round 1 resulted in 82 conditions on six themes: 'the necessary attitude', 'requirements', 'approach to delivering sexual support and education', 'appropriate providers', 'settings and timing' and 'effective collaboration with the network'. In the following three quantitative rounds, the experts reached consensus on 68 conditions distributed across the six themes. The six themes highlight conducive conditions for successful sexual support and education for adults with mild IDs, emphasising the significance of a safe and supportive environment, comprehensive educational programmes, and the promotion of autonomy and protection. The consensus-based findings have distinct implications for practice and future research.

The Correlation between Motor Skill Proficiency and Academic Performance in High School Students.

The intricate relationship between physical health and cognitive development has been a focal point of multidisciplinary research, suggesting that motor skill proficiency could influence academic outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between motor control, mobility, stability-measured by the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)-and academic performance among high school students. Conducted with 201 participants from a public high school in Spain, this descriptive non-experimental research divided students into high and low academic performance groups based on their average grade scores, with the median used as the criterion for distinction. The FMS was utilized to assess fundamental motor skills, and academic performance was verified across mathematics, language, science, and physical education subjects. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the FMS scores and academic achievement (r = 0.691; p < 0.001), indicating that students with higher motor skill proficiency had higher academic achievement. This correlation persisted across the various subjects, highlighting the potential benefits of integrating physical education and motor skill development into educational strategies. The study's results suggest that educational policies should advocate for comprehensive physical education programs to foster both physical well-being and academic improvement, thereby promoting a holistic educational model that enhances student performance across disciplines.