Composite Plane Research Articles

1-Nitronaphthalene, a non-OD, non-MDO polytype

Abstract Crystals of 1-nitronaphthalene were grown by evaporation of a methanol solution. The structure [P21/c, a = 13.2780(13) Å, b = 3.8131(3)° Å, c = 31.851(3) Å, β = 91.173(8), V = 1,612.3 Å3] was solved from a crystal twinned by twofold rotation about [100]. Twinning is explained by the polytype character: layers with (idealized) p2111 symmetry can connect via either 1‾ or 21 operations, leading to geometrically distinct pairs of layers. In the twin individuals, the two kinds of contacts alternate, at the composition plane two subsequent contacts of the same type are realized.

The Evolution of My Extended SMAS-Biplanar Deep Plane Facelift to a Composite Tissue Deep Plane Face and Neck Lift: Similarities and Differences.

In this article, Dr. Stephen Perkins, a seasoned facial plastic surgeon, presents his refined techniques in facelift surgery developed over four decades of practice. His evolution from traditional methods to the current composite tissue deep plane facelift is elucidated. His composite tissue deep plane facelift involves meticulous dissection and repositioning of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and platysma in the deep plane, as well as incorporating his innovative "Perkins' Kelly clamp anterior platysmaplasty." This technique, refined through years of experience, aims for natural, enduring results, crucially addressing patient concerns such as jowling and neck laxity. Long-term analysis reveals the advantages of Dr. Perkins' technique, particularly in achieving sustained cervicomental angle improvement for over a decade postoperatively. This article underscores the importance of understanding deep plane facelift techniques, distinguishing between different approaches, and tailoring surgical interventions to individual patient characteristics. Dr. Perkins' comprehensive approach, incorporating advancements in surgical technique and meticulous patient care protocols, exemplifies the goal of achieving natural, long-lasting facial rejuvenation.

Interaction between gestational plane of nutrition and lactation diet composition on lactation performance of Alpine goats of different parities

A study was conducted with 48 multiparous and 31 primiparous Alpine goats to determine the effects of different nutritional planes during gestation and lactation on feed intake, body weight, body condition score and mass index, blood constituent concentrations, and milk yield and composition. Two gestation supplement treatments (GS; Moderate versus High) were imposed for approximately 5.5 months and two lactation diets (LD; Moderate vs. High) within each GS were fed for 16 wk. The Moderate GS (14.2% crude protein; CP) was given at 1.125% body weight (BW; dry matter basis) and the High GS (16.2% CP) was consumed ad libitum, with alfalfa hay available free-choice to all animals. Moderate and High LD contained 16.0 and 16.9% CP and 34.7 and 30.4% neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Body weight (77.5 vs. 72.0 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 3.22 vs. 3.04) at 11 days before kidding were greater (P < 0.05) for High versus Moderate GS, but BW at kidding (62.6 and 64.9 kg; SEM = 1.32) and 3 days later (60.9 and 63.6 kg for Moderate and High GS, respectively; SEM = 1.32) was similar. Litter size (1.9 and 2.4; SEM = 0.59), kid birth weight (3.72 and 3.59 kg; SEM = 0.097), and litter weight (6.55 and 7.13 kg for Moderate and High GS, respectively; SEM = 0.316) were similar between GS diets. However, kid birth weight (3.44 and 3.87 kg; SEM = 0.096) and litter weight (6.23 and 7.46 kg; SEM = 0.364) were greater (P < 0.05) for multiparous versus primiparous goats. Dry matter intake during lactation was greater for Moderate than for High GS (P ≤ 0.051) in kg/day, % BW, and g/kg BW0.75. However, milk fat (3.81, 4.14, 3.85, and 3.77%; SEM = 0.132) and protein concentrations (2.49, 2.50, 2.47, and 2.49%; SEM = 0.047), and raw (2.22, 2.59, 2.39, and 2.45 kg; SEM = 0.173) and energy yields of milk (6.02, 7.42, 6.51, and 6.63 MJ/day for Moderate GS-Moderate LD, Moderate GS-High LD, High GS-Moderate LD, and High GS-High LD, respectively; SEM = 0.453) were not affected by GS, LD, or their interaction. Dry matter intake, milk and its component yields, and heat energy (MJ/day) were higher (P < 0.05) for does than for doelings, but BCS and milk protein and fat concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) for does. Blood nonesterified fatty acid concentration was not affected by any diets, but there was interaction (P < 0.05) between GS and LD for betahydroxybutyric acid concentration. In conclusion, minor to moderate magnitudes of difference in nutritional planes during gestation and lactation had little effect on reproductive and lactation performance, reflecting the considerable capacity of lactating dairy goats for compensatory changes such as feed intake and tissue mobilization and accretion.

Refined composite multivariate multiscale complexity-entropy causality plane analysis for gas-liquid two-phase flow

Abstract This paper presents a refined composite multivariate multiscale complexity-entropy causality plane (RCMMCECP) to explore the dynamics features of gas–liquid two-phase flow. Firstly, we employ a series of typical nonlinear time series to confirm the effectiveness of the RCMMCECP, including seven chaotic systems, two random processes, and one periodic process. The comparison results of the proposed method and conventional multivariate multiscale complexity-entropy causality plane (MMCECP) confirm the stability performance of the proposed RCMMCECP. Above all, the RCMMCECP enhances the reliability of the statistical complexity measure over large time scales and exhibits good continuity and noise-resistant ability in multiscale analysis. Then, we employ the RCMMCECP to analyze the upstream and downstream conductance signals. The experimental results demonstrate that the RCMMCECP can characterize the change of complexity and structural stability in the gas-liquid two-phase flow evolution process, effectively revealing its dynamics features.

Pseudo-cubic trigonal pyrite from the Madan Pb–Zn ore field (Rhodope Massif, Bulgaria): morphology and twinning

Abstract. A new occurrence of pyrite crystals with rhombohedral habit, up to several centimeters in length, is described from the Madan Pb–Zn ore field (Rhodope Massif, south Bulgaria), where it constitutes a late pyrite generation. As observed in the past in other deposits, the ideal rhombohedron is derived from the pyritohedron by suppression of half of its faces (six “polar faces”) around a ternary axis. In studied crystals, together with six main “equatorial faces”, additional minor faces correspond to cube faces as well as polar faces. Such a dissymmetry indicates that the crystallographic point group of these crystals is 3‾, a subgroup of the eigensymmetry 3‾2/m of a rhombohedron taken as geometric face form. Twinning by metric merohedry confirms such a symmetry decrease and permits the definition of this type of pyrite as a dimorph of cubic pyrite, i.e., pseudo-cubic trigonal pyrite (pyrite-R). Twin operations belong to the set of symmetry operations absent in point group 3‾ relative to pyrite symmetry m3‾: reflection about the {100} plane or two-fold rotation about the &lt;100&gt; direction. Four twin types have been distinguished (name, chromatic point group): three contact twins (reflection, m′; rotation, 2′; trapezoidal, (m(2)m(2)2(2))(4)), as well as one penetration twin (crossed, 2′/m′). Composition planes always correspond to {100}, but there are two types of twin interfaces. More complex twinned samples may develop erratically during crystal growth. Other twin variations as well as genetic aspects of such a type of pyrite are discussed.

Optimization of eucalyptus cellulose fiber using response surface methodology: Effects of sulfur content and refining time on the mechanical characteristics of paper pulp

The purpose of this study was to examine the delignification of Eucalyptus camaldulensis fibers by the kraft chemical process using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide as fillers. To optimize the levels of factors influencing pulp yield and pulp content, a response surface approach with a central composite plane was used. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the structure and thermal properties of cellulose fiber. Then, a dynamometer, a dechirometer, and an eclatometer adamel were used to evaluate the physico-mechanical properties (breaking length, tear resistance, and resistance to burst) of the paste. The results show that FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of the cellulose fiber; the crystallinity index is 76.35%, the maximum degradation temperature is 368 °C and the kinetic energy of activation (75.45 kJ.mol-1) according to thermogravimetric studies. Subsequently, for the predicted optimal pulping conditions, the concentration of NaOH was 18.8% and 13.40% Na2S at 105 °C for 45 min. Finally, the results obtained for the evaluation of the papermaking properties of fibers during refining showed that the breaking length is 34% (2975 m–1958 m) with a sulfide concentration of 0%–30%, respectively, and that when the refining intensity is increased to 45°SR, the rupture length (5997-4088 m) decreases by approximately 31% under the same conditions. Then, the tear strength is 37.5% (53-33.1), the sulfide concentration is 0%–30%, and the refining intensity is 20°SR; the increase in the latter leads to a reduction in the tear index of approximately 19% (50-40.6) under the same conditions. Finally, the bursting index is 38.5% (18.4-11.3) at identical sulphide concentration and refining intensity, but the increase in the latter leads to a slight decrease in the burst index (37.7-23.6) which is about 37.40%. The results suggest that the valorization of Eucalyptus fibers for the production of well-delignified, high-yield, and resistant pulp is a promising approach. This research qualifies eucalyptus fiber as a potential reinforcement in composite materials.

Pyrite contact twins.

Two examples of contact twins in pyrite from Peru are described. The first one, from Pasto Bueno ore deposit, shows the pyritohedron {120} as principal form, accompanied by the {111} octahedron and {100} cube as secondary forms, giving a lenticular aspect. (111) is the composition plane, and the twin operation is any one of the three binary axes ⟨110⟩ within this plane. The second one (unknown ore deposit) presents two forms, the octahedron {111} and the pyritohedron {120}; the two crystals in the twin are elongated along [101] and [011], respectively, producing a V profile. It is a reflection twin where the twin plane (110) coincides with the composition plane. These twins are by merohedry. Another contact twin is known in the literature, reported by Gaubert [Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. (1928), 51, 211-212] who described it as a spinel twin, i.e. a reflection twin with twin and composition plane (111); here it is shown that it is actually a rotation twin in which the twin operation is a 180° rotation about any of the three equivalent directions ⟨211⟩, contained in the (111) composition plane. The occurrence of these twins as well as the doubtfulness of the spinel twin in pyrite shows a direct relationship with the structural interpretation based on the pseudo-symmetry of the crystallographic orbits.

Twinning in hydrous wadsleyite: Symmetry relations, origin, and consequences

AbstractTwins in hydrous wadsleyite were detected by polarized-light microscopy and characterized with transmission electron microscopy techniques, including precession selected area electron diffraction and large-angle convergent beam diffraction. By inspecting diffracted intensities for high-order Laue zones, we found the symmetry of our hydrous wadsleyite samples to be reduced to monoclinic with respect to the orthorhombic symmetry of most anhydrous wadsleyite samples. Twinned domains in hydrous wadsleyite share the (122) plane as a composition plane and are related to each other by a twofold rotation around a twin axis parallel to [212] or by reflection on (122). The twin axis and twin plane in wadsleyite correspond to the &amp;lt;101&amp;gt; directions and the {101} planes of ringwoodite, respectively. The twin operations exchange the c* and the [120]* directions of wadsleyite, both of which correspond to the directions of the cubic a axes in ringwoodite. Based on our analysis of symmetry relations and pseudo-symmetry in wadsleyite, we conclude that the twins formed during crystal growth under quasi-hydrostatic conditions in the presence of a hydrous fluid. Twinning in wadsleyite may affect the physical properties and deformation behavior of wadsleyite as well as the phase transition to ringwoodite in the Earth’s mantle transition zone.

Computational Analysis of Dynamic Responses in Composite 2D Plane Structures Utilizing Extended Finite Element Method and State Space formulation

Computational Analysis of Dynamic Responses in Composite 2D Plane Structures Utilizing Extended Finite Element Method and State Space formulation

Polyphonic plane of composition

Este artigo reflete sobre procedimentos e conceitos, por meio de planos de composição, que podem contribuir com processos criativos que objetivam integrar uma perspectiva polifônica. Partindo de um depoimento-manifesto pessoal, conceitos como polifonia, agenciamento, montagem, performatividade, corpo orgânico e corpo inorgânico são correlacionados para compor possíveis reflexões e trajetórias em processos criativos. Compreendendo o conceito de polifonia a partir de Mikhail Bahktin, a ênfase aqui é de potencializar a multiplicidade de vozes na criação cênica a partir da descentralização do discurso dominante e do deslizamento do sentido narrativo.

A Deleuzian Interrogation on the Interference of Art and Science

Interdisciplinary research has become more mainstream in the academia as of late. Gilles Deleuze’s theories, especially his critical insight into the relationship between science and art may open new avenues for this kind of research. Deleuze’s ideas are significant, not only because he provides a framework for thinking about nomadic science, but he also clarifies possible criteria for assessing the nature of interdisciplinary experiments. Art “organizes” this chaos in a frame to form a composed chaos that becomes sensory/affective/intensive, but science “organizes” the same chaos into a system of coordinates and forms of measure that produce the appearance of “Nature.” Art and science, in this model, can intersect and intertwine, but Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari never suggest there can be a perfect synthesis between the two. Instead, we can associate the two kinds of creative activities in terms of neighboring planes: planes of composition for art and planes of reference for science. The goal of this paper is to argue that Deleuze and Guattari characterize the interaction between these two planes as one of interference rather than synthesis and shed new light on arts-based research in terms of the three interferences.

FACELIFT TECHNIQUES: AN OVERVIEW.

Facelift techniques can be classified according to the depth and extent of the dissection applied. Imbrication and plication of the SMAS referred to as "SMAS lifts" or "classical facelifts" are the most commonly used techniques. Plication techniques involve in-folding of the SMAS and suture suspension without any SMAS incision whereas imbrication techniques involve a SMAS incision with a portion of the SMAS either removed or transposed with or without limited subSMAS dissection. Ageing changes in the lower face and neck can be successfully treated with SMAS lift techniques. However, there is no lifting effect at midface level or improvement of the nasolabial folds since the retaining (zygomatic cutaneous and masseteric cutaneous) ligaments that prevent the transmission of traction to the malar portion of the facelift dissection are not released. Extended facelift techniques involve surgical release of these ligaments, and produce combined, balanced and harmonious rejuvenation of the midface, cheek, and lower face without requiring a separate midface lift procedure. There are different techniques having similar extended midface dissections with some variations: The extended SMAS technique involves a long skin flap and a distinct SMAS flap dissected and pulled separately. The high SMAS technique has a similar dissection but involves a higher SMAS flap along the superior border of the zygomatic arch. The deep plane facelift involves undermining of skin-SMAS flap as a single unit following a more limited subcutaneous dissection. In the composite plane facelift, in addition to deep plane facelift dissection, the lower part of the orbicularis oculi muscle is also dissected and included in the flap. As they have a single unit, deep and composite flap facelifts allow excellent blood supply to the overlying skin. In this article, various facelift techniques are discussed in detail in line with the relevant surgical anatomy.

MODIFIED COMPOSITE PLANE FACELIFT WITH EXTENDED NECK DISSECTION.

The attenuation of retaining ligaments with aging leads to downward displacement of facial fat compartments, and is responsible for many of the stigmata that occur with aging. The zygomatic cutaneous and masseteric cutaneous ligaments prevent the transmission of adequate traction to the malar portion of the dissection during traditional low SMAS facelift techniques which involve plication or imbrication of the exposed surface of the SMAS because they do not include surgical release of these ligaments. Inadequate release of these ligaments, especially the zygomatic cutaneous ligament may lead to an unbalanced, unnatural appearance with unopposed nasolabial folds. In contrast, extended facelift techniques (extended SMAS, High SMAS, deep plane facelift, composite plane facelift) involving the release of these ligaments and can reposition the ptotic malar fat, and diminish the nasolabial folds. Additionally, the composite and modified composite plane facelifts include orbicularis oculi muscle elevation and can achieve a more harmonious rejuvenation. However, due to facial nerve injury risk, many facelift surgeons either inadequately release these ligamentous attachments or prefer less invasive techniques. Modified composite plane facelift allows safe release of the zygomatic cutaneous ligament, and safe entry into the right plane leaving all malar fat pad attached to the skin. Modified composite plane facelift technique also produces combined, balanced, and harmonious rejuvenation of the midface, cheek, lower face, and neck without requiring a separate midface lift procedure or a transblepharoplasty approach. Extending the subSMAS/subplatysmal dissection inferior to the angle of mandible, releasing of the cervical retaining ligaments, and adding a horizontal platysma myotomy below the angle of the mandible significantly improves the cervical contouring and enhances the jawline rejuvenation. This paper explains modified composite-flap facelift with extended neck dissection in a step by step manner, and highlights anatomical details to perform a safe, effective and successful extended face and neck lift surgery.

Application of computational intelligence methods for the heterogeneous material stress state evaluation

The use of surrogate models providesgreat advantages in working with computer-aided design and 3D modeling systems, which opens up new opportunities for designing complex systems. They also allow us to significantly rationalize the use of computing power in automated systems, for which response time and low energy consumption are critical. This work is devoted to the creation of a surrogate model for approximating the finite element solution of the problem of dispersion–strengthened composite plane sample deformation. An algorithm for constructing a parametric two–dimensional model of a composite is proposed. The calculation model is created using the ANSYS Mechanical computer-aided design and analysis program using the APDL scripting model builder. The parameters of the stress-strain state of the material microstructure are processed using a convolutional neural network. A neural network based on the U–Net architecture of the encoder-decoder type has been created to predict the distribution of equivalent stresses in the material according to the sample geometry and load values. A direct sequence of layers is takenfrom the specified architecture. To increase the speed and stability of training, the type of part of the convolutional layers has been changed. The architecture of the network consists of serially connected blocks, each of which combines layers such as convolution, normalization, activation, subsampling, and a latent space that connects the encoder and decoder and adds load data. To combine the load vector, such a neural network architecture as a concatenator is created, which additionally includes the Dense, Reshape and Concatenate layers. The model loss function is defined as the root mean square error over all points of the source matrix, which calculates the difference between the actual value of the target variable and the value generated by the surrogate model. Optimization ofthe loss function is performed using the first–order gradient local optimization method ADAM. The study of the model learning process is illustrated by plots of loss functions and additional metrics. There is a tendency for the indicators to coincide between the training and validation sets, which indicates the generalizing capability of the model. Analyzing the output of the model andthe value of the metrics, a conclusion is made about the sufficient quality of the model. However, the values of the network weights after training are still not optimal in terms of minimizing the loss function. And also, to accurately reproduce the solution of the finite element method (FEM), the proposed model is quite simple and requires clarification. The speed comparisonof obtaining results by the FEM and using the architecture of the neural network is proposed. The surrogate model is significantly ahead of the FEM and is used to speed up calculations and determine the overall quality of the approximation of problems of mechanics of this type.

Modeling solitary wave propagation and transformation over complex bathymetries using a two-layer Boussinesq model

Solitary gravity waves play a key role in the field of coastal and ocean engineering. The two-layer Boussinesq model developed by the authors has excellent linear and nonlinear properties. However, the permanent solitary wave solution and the numerical performance of the model in describing the solitary waves over complex bathymetries remain unknown. This research addresses this issue by conducting numerical simulations. The test cases include high amplitude solitary wave propagation over a constant water depth, shoaling of a solitary wave over a slope, and reflection of a solitary wave from a truncated composite plane beach. New experiments for solitary wave propagation and transformation over two submerged breakwaters are also presented. The computed results are compared against the analytical solutions and experimental data, with more attention given to the interior kinematics. Excellent performance is obtained, and the model shows significant improvement over traditional Boussinesq-type models. A detailed comparison between model predictions and laboratory data/analytical solutions is given for each case.

Copper nanoparticles suitable for bifunctional cholesterol oxidation reaction: harvesting energy and sensor

This study reports the performance of simple low-cost synthesized bifunctional Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) used as a catalyst for energy-harvesting applications through of a microfluidic fuel cell (µFC), and further, as cholesterol (Chol) sensor. TEM characterization of the NPs showed spheres between 4 and 10 nm, while XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the composition and preferential crystallographic plane of Cu/Cu2O. In addition, 25.26 m2 g−1 surface area was obtained, which is greater than those commercial materials. NPs showed high activity toward the cholesterol oxidation reaction when were used as a sensor, obtaining a linear interval between 0.5 and 1 mM and 850 µA mM−1 mg−1 of sensitivity and 8.9 µM limit of quantification LOQ. These values are comparable to results previously reported. Moreover, Cu/Cu2O NPs were used as anode in a µFC with 0.96 V of cell voltage and 6.5 mA cm−2 and 1.03 mW cm−2 of current and power density, respectively. This performance is the highest currently reported for cholesterol application as an alternative fuel, and the first one reported for a microfluidic fuel cell system as far as is known. Results showed that the obtained Cu-based NPs presented an excellent performance for the dual application both µFC and sensor, which has potential applications in biomedicine and as an alternative energy source.

On the Load Transfer from a Deformable Patch to the Composite Half Plane with Interface Cracks

On the Load Transfer from a Deformable Patch to the Composite Half Plane with Interface Cracks

N-Iodosaccharin-pyridine co-crystal system under pressure: experimental evidence of reversible twinning.

This work presents a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of an organic co-crystal composed of N-iodosaccharin and pyridine (NISac·py) under hydrostatic pressure ranging from 0.00 (5) GPa to 4.5 (2) GPa. NISac·py crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group B21/e). The unconventional setting of the space group is adopted (the conventional setting is P21/c, No. 14) to emphasise the strongly pseudo-orthorhombic symmetry of the lattice, with a β angle very close to 90°. The crystal structure contains one molecule each of N-iodosaccharin (NISac) and pyridine (py) in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 1), linked via an Nsac...I...N'py halogen-bonding motif. A gradual modification of this motif is observed under pressure as a result of changes in the crystalline environment. Mechanical twinning is observed under compression and the sample splits into two domains, spanning an unequal volume that is mapped by a twofold rotation about the [100] direction of the B21/e unit cell. The twinning is particularly significant at high pressure, being reversible when the pressure is released. The structure of the twinned sample reveals the continuity of a substantial substructure across the composition plane. The presence of this common substructure in the two orientations of the twinned individuals can be interpreted as a structural reason for the formation of the twin and is the first observed example in a molecular crystal. These results indicate that the anisotropy of intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure results in an anisotropic strain generated upon the action of hydrostatic compression. Periodic density functional theory calculations were carried out by considering an isotropic external pressure, the results showing good agreement with the experimental findings. The bulk modulus of the crystal was obtained from the equations of state, being 7 (1) GPa for experimental data and 6.8 (5) GPa for theoretical data.

System calibration method for infrared phase measuring deflectometry

Infrared phase measuring deflectometry (IR PMD) is a kind of PMD technique, which exploits IR light as a display screen, therefore it can effectively improve the measurement accuracy by reducing the environmental noise, especially the influence of the ambient light. However, data accuracy of a deflectometric measurement system is mainly determined by calibration procedure, which establishes the relationship between phase map and depth data. In this paper, a novel using fringe projection profilometry (FPP) technology based system calibration method is proposed to obtain the geometrical parameters of the IR PMD system. A composite plane calibration board with diffused and specular surface has been designed to determine the X, Y, and Z coordinates of this specular plane at a reference position, which is located at a certain reference position parallel to the ground glass (used as the IR screen) to obtain the system parameter d. Experimental results demonstrate that 3D shape of specular objects can be effectively and accurately measured using the proposed geometrical calibration method.

Synthetic Hall ladder with tunable magnetic flux

We describe a synthetic three-leg Hall ladder system with a tunable magnetic flux for neutral $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The ladder legs are formed by three hyperfine ground spin states of the atoms, and the complex interleg links are generated through Raman couplings between the spin states using multiple laser beams. The effective magnetic flux through a ladder plaquette $\ensuremath{\phi}$ is controlled by the angles of the Raman laser beams with the lattice axis. We investigate the quench dynamics of the Hall ladder system for $\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{3},\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2},$ and $\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}}{3}$ after a sudden application of the Raman coupling in various interleg link configurations. The semiclassical trajectory of the atoms in the plane of the spin composition and lattice position exhibits the characteristic motion of the effective magnetic field. In a tube configuration with the three legs cyclically linked, the quench evolution was observed to be substantially damped, which is attributed to the random flux threading the Hall tube.