Composite Substrate Research Articles

Plasma surface modification has emerged as a powerful, versatile tool for tailoring the surface properties of biomedical devices and implants without altering the material characteristics in the bulk. This comprehensive review critically examines the current state-of-the-art in plasma-based surface engineering techniques, with a focus on enhancing biocompatibility, bio-functionality, and long-term performance of medical implants. The article systematically explores various plasma processes and their roles in modifying surface chemistry, topography, energy, and wettability. These alterations directly influence protein adsorption, cell adhesion, antibacterial activity, and corrosion resistance, all of which are crucial for successful clinical integration. Special emphasis is placed on the plasma treatment of metallic (e.g., titanium, stainless steel), polymeric (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone), and composite substrates commonly used in dental, orthopedic, and cardiovascular applications. This review also highlights synergistic strategies, such as plasma-assisted grafting of bioactive molecules and nanostructuring, that enable multifunctional surfaces capable of promoting osseointegration, mitigating inflammation, and preventing biofilm formation. Emerging trends such as atmospheric cold plasmas and the integration of plasma technology with additive manufacturing are outlined as promising future directions. By synthesizing insights from surface science, materials engineering, and biomedical research, this review provides a foundational framework to guide future innovations in plasma-treated biomaterials. It aims to inform both academic researchers and medical device developers seeking to optimize implant–tissue interactions and achieve improved clinical outcomes.

Chitosan-gelatin composite aerogel SERS substrate for rapid and sensitive detection of thiram

The enhanced vertical heat transfer based on diamond/SiC ceramic composite substrates with TSV

Synergistic analysis based on chemometrics and deep learning: An innovative Kolmogorov-Arnold neural network (CKAN) model combined with ternary hybrid SERS substrate (Au@mSiO₂(YSN)-Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-rGO) for highly sensitive detection of trace quinolone antibiotics in milk.

Bifunctional SERS-Fenton micro-nano platform: Integrating ultrasensitive sensing with advanced oxidation for the detection and degradation of organic pollutants in water.

MXene cracked-layer composite sodium alginate/CNC-based hydrogel for robust sensing with high-sensitivity dynamic motion perception.

ABSTRACT In this paper, silica‐strontium aluminate (SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ ) hereafter referred to as SiO 2  SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ were prepared by the solution gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the silica source. An SiO 2 protective layer was formed on the surface of the strontium aluminate phosphor after drying, which provided the strontium aluminate phosphor with a high degree of water resistance. The pH of its aqueous solution remained at 8.5 after being placed in water for 400 min, after which the fluorescent wood‐plastic composite 3D printing substrate was prepared. This was achieved by utilizing Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and poplar wood flour as the substrate, with the addition of the SiO 2 SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ phosphor. The preparation of the fluorescent wood‐plastic composite (WPC) 3D printing substrate is outlined below. The composite 3D printing substrate has been found to demonstrate a tensile strength of 48.64 MPa when subjected to an SiO 2 Al 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ phosphor content of 4%; at the same time, it has a good fluorescent effect. The substrate has been shown to enhance the versatility of PLA composites and reduce the cost of fluorescent WPC. These materials are both waterproof, making them suitable for a wider range of applications. They exhibit favorable nighttime fluorescent properties and permit experimentation with personalized customization through 3D printing.

A PSiO2/ZnO aptamer microarray chips based on "quenching-restoration" fluorescence strategy for multiple mycotoxin determination.

Asurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) strategy for integrated sampling and in situ detection ofdiquat (DQ) and paraquat (PQ) in air and wateris presented. By leveraging the unique characteristics of the SERS fingerprint alongside the exceptional adsorption capacity of porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, we synthesized a composite substrate consisting of porous PTFE and silver nanostars (AgNSts). Utilizing the AgNSts@PTFE filter, DQ and PQ can be sampled with an air sampler and detected in situ using a portable Raman spectrometer effectively, without pre-processing steps. Strong correlations were found between SERS intensity and logarithmic analyteconcentration, with R2 values between 0.937 and 0.968. The detection limits for DQ and PQ were 0.74ppb and 0.23ppb, respectively, andare below the permissible concentrations. This study presents a novel, rapid method for detecting DQ and PQ in aerosols in non-laboratory settings, offering an alternative approach to conventional techniques.

Abstract Bidirectional silica fabric-based polymer composite laminates were fabricated using resin transfer molding followed by oven curing. To evaluate the effects of environmental exposure, samples were cut as per testing requirements, and a substrate was surface-coated with a 300-µm-thick polyurethane (PU) layer. Both PU-coated and uncoated samples were subjected to hot-wet conditioning in a climatic chamber for 100 days under critical conditions of 65 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH). In this study, density, thermal conductivity, pull-off adhesion, scratch resistance, and various mechanical strengths at room temperature and 100 °C were measured before and after conditioning. For uncoated composites, a significant effect of hot-wet conditioning on mechanical strengths, with reductions ranging between 15 and 30%, was observed. When compared between uncoated and coated composites, coated composites exhibited an additional reduction in tensile strength, flexural strength by 14–25%, and interlaminar shear strength decreased from 53 MPa (uncoated, after conditioning) to 46 MPa (after coating & conditioning), although compression and in-plane shear strengths were relatively unaffected. Furthermore, coated samples experienced over a 35% reduction in scratch resistance and pull-off adhesion strength (declined significantly from 8.1 MPa to 5.1 MPa), while density and thermal conductivity remained unchanged. These degradations were attributed to the formation of micro-crevices between the composite substrate and the PU coating, resulting in cavitation damage and matrix degradation. Based on these findings, PU coatings are not recommended for outdoor applications wherein environmental conditions are 65 °C and 85% RH.

Heterostructures have emerged as promising contenders for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. Nevertheless, the construction of a composite SERS substrate with well-matched energy levels persists as a challenge, primarily due to the restricted selection of SERS-active materials. In this study, we successfully synthesized a Ag nanoparticles (NPs)/ZnO nanorods (NRs)/GaN heterojunction featuring type II staggered energy bands, which provides an outstanding platform for efficient SERS detection. Moreover, considering that both ZnO and GaN are pyroelectric semiconductor materials, the pyroelectric potential generated at the ZnO and GaN heterojunctions improves energy level matching. This, in turn, promotes charge transfer within the composite structure and substantially enhances the chemical enhancement of SERS. Under the modulation of pyroelectricity, the SERS signal intensity of rhodamine 6G (R6G) increased by approximately 15-fold, and the detection limit decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, the substrate exhibited the capability to detect pollutants, such as 20 nm nanoplastics and thiram, indicating its significant potential for environmental monitoring.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic materials have relatively low thermal conductivity and poor heat dissipation performance, and are increasingly unsuitable for high-power LED packaging. In this study, diamond films were deposited on AlN ceramic substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The effects of different process parameters on the crystal quality, surface morphology and crystal orientation of diamond films were studied, and the high thermal conductivity of diamond was used to enhance the heat dissipation ability of AlN ceramic substrates. Finally, the junction temperature and thermal resistance of LED devices packaged on AlN ceramic–diamond composite substrate, AlN ceramic substrate and aluminum substrate were tested. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional aluminum and AlN ceramic substrates, AlN ceramic–diamond composite substrates show excellent heat dissipation performance, especially under high-power conditions.

Disposble electrochemical aptasensors: From design strategies, signal amplification, to applications and future perspectives.

Three-dimensional urchin-like K2Ti8O17 / Ag NPs composite as a SERS substrate for detecting folic acid and thiram.

Effect of substrates on functional microbial communities and functional metabolic pathways of constructed wetlands treating mariculture wastewater.

Abstract An innovative Silicon-Ceramic (SiCer) composite system enables the combination of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) and Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) technology through a sintering process. The sintering procedure and the sintering temperature are crucial for subsequent processes such as advanced packaging and assembly technologies. Various sintering profiles with different temperatures and heating rates are investigated. The bond interfaces of the manufactured SiCer substrates are evaluated by ultrasonic microscopy. Assembly technologies such as soldering and gold wire bonding are used to evaluate the influence of sintering temperatures on each metallization. Destructive testing methods are carried out to analyze the adhesion, soldered components are sheared off and the wire bonds are pulled. An influence of the sintering temperature on the quality of the bond interface has been proven through this study. The quantity and quality at the SiCer bond interface has been significantly improved and an optimized sintering profile has been established for different metallizations intended for soldering and wire bonding applications.

Masking discolored substrates with lithium disilicate veneers and resin cements: An in vitro quantitative analysis.

Characterization and conformal analysis of ultrawideband cognitive radio antenna using polyvinyl alcohol and graphite composite substrate

Inhibition-type SERS strategy based on silver nanowires@ZrO2 composite substrate: Achieving high-sensitivity and specific detection of methyl parathion

PCA-assisted direct diagnosis of Aβ proteins for Alzheimer's disease using non-metallic SERS platform of graphitic carbon nitride@metal-organic framework.