Rapid detection of benzimidazole fungicides by electrostatic self-assembly of MXene@PEI@AgNPs composite SERS substrate combined with chemometrics

In Situ Growth of CoFe Bimetallic MOFs on S-Mxene/NF Composite Substrate as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for OER

Heterogeneous integration via wafer bonding offers potential to incorporate both front-side and back-side cooling for wide and ultrawide bandgap semiconductor device structures. Diamond, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride can be used as substrates that have superior properties to native substrates (e.g., b-Ga2O3 or GaN) and efforts to produce engineered or composite substrates based on high conductivity substrates with template layers of the desired device material will be addressed with focus on pre-bonded surface chemistry as well as on layer transfer technologies including exfoliation, lapping and polishing, or even spalling. These backside cooling efforts have a counterpoint with the novel idea of using front side layers with high thermal conductivity that are transferred from single crystal or polycrystalline high thermal conductivity substrates.

The use of biochar produced from açaí residues appears to be a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture, with the potential to improve substrate quality, increase productivity, and contribute to carbon sequestration. This study evaluated the effects of different proportions of activated biochar (AB) and commercial substrate (CS) on cherry tomato seedling production, maintaining the cell volume at 15 mL. Five combinations were tested: 0% AB + 100% CS, 12.5% AB + 87.5% CS, 25% AB + 75% CS, 50% AB + 50% CS, and 100% AB + 0% CS, with four replicates per treatment. In the immediate analysis, the moisture content of the composite substrate activated biochar + commercial substrate (ABCS) was 6.14%, indicating good water retention. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed that, from 550°C onward, there was a reduction in the thermal degradation rate, with 32.10% of material remaining, suggesting that biochar preserves fixed organic matter. Agronomically, the use of biochar activated positively influenced characteristics such as chlorophyll content (CC; 32SPAD), stem diameter (SD; 1.2 mm), plant height (PH; 7 cm), and number of leaves (NL; 5). Among the treatments, the combination of 12.5% AB and 87.5% SC obtained the best results, indicating an ideal balance between physical stability and plant growth promotion. The results suggest that açaí biochar activated, when used in appropriate proportions, can favor more efficient, economically viable, and environmentally responsible agricultural practices.

Periodontitis, which owns a significant prevalence rate, is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by the infection of multiple microorganisms. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) serves as a key pathogenic biomarker for periodontitis. However, currently, there is a lack of diagnostic tools that are able to quickly and precisely quantify levels of P. gingivalis. Therefore, developing a quantitative detection method for this pathogenic bacterium is critical for the diagnosis and management of this disease. Herein, based on the petal-like spherical ZnO@ZIF-8 composite substrate, we built an innovative semiconductor surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) platform specifically engineered for the detection of P. gingivalis with high speed, sensitivity, and stability. The detection of P. gingivalis on this SERS platform takes only 30 min. It also has excellent long-term stability for over 60 days. This platform exhibits an extensive linear range from 4 × 103 CFU/mL to 4 × 108 CFU/mL, while also owning a low limit of detection (LOD) of 38 CFU/mL for P. gingivalis. The developed method provides a novel pathway for precise diagnosis and efficient screening of periodontitis, and explores new directions for detecting other disease-related biomolecules, including proteins, small molecules, peptides, and miRNAs at the same time.

Plasma surface modification has emerged as a powerful, versatile tool for tailoring the surface properties of biomedical devices and implants without altering the material characteristics in the bulk. This comprehensive review critically examines the current state-of-the-art in plasma-based surface engineering techniques, with a focus on enhancing biocompatibility, bio-functionality, and long-term performance of medical implants. The article systematically explores various plasma processes and their roles in modifying surface chemistry, topography, energy, and wettability. These alterations directly influence protein adsorption, cell adhesion, antibacterial activity, and corrosion resistance, all of which are crucial for successful clinical integration. Special emphasis is placed on the plasma treatment of metallic (e.g., titanium, stainless steel), polymeric (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone), and composite substrates commonly used in dental, orthopedic, and cardiovascular applications. This review also highlights synergistic strategies, such as plasma-assisted grafting of bioactive molecules and nanostructuring, that enable multifunctional surfaces capable of promoting osseointegration, mitigating inflammation, and preventing biofilm formation. Emerging trends such as atmospheric cold plasmas and the integration of plasma technology with additive manufacturing are outlined as promising future directions. By synthesizing insights from surface science, materials engineering, and biomedical research, this review provides a foundational framework to guide future innovations in plasma-treated biomaterials. It aims to inform both academic researchers and medical device developers seeking to optimize implant–tissue interactions and achieve improved clinical outcomes.

Deep learning-assisted SERS platform for label-free detection of celecoxib in serum using ag@Pt@porous silicon Bragg mirror composite substrate.

Chitosan-gelatin composite aerogel SERS substrate for rapid and sensitive detection of thiram

The enhanced vertical heat transfer based on diamond/SiC ceramic composite substrates with TSV

Synergistic analysis based on chemometrics and deep learning: An innovative Kolmogorov-Arnold neural network (CKAN) model combined with ternary hybrid SERS substrate (Au@mSiO₂(YSN)-Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-rGO) for highly sensitive detection of trace quinolone antibiotics in milk.

Masking discolored substrates with lithium disilicate veneers and resin cements: An in vitro quantitative analysis.

Bifunctional SERS-Fenton micro-nano platform: Integrating ultrasensitive sensing with advanced oxidation for the detection and degradation of organic pollutants in water.

MXene cracked-layer composite sodium alginate/CNC-based hydrogel for robust sensing with high-sensitivity dynamic motion perception.

ABSTRACT In this paper, silica‐strontium aluminate (SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ ) hereafter referred to as SiO 2  SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ were prepared by the solution gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the silica source. An SiO 2 protective layer was formed on the surface of the strontium aluminate phosphor after drying, which provided the strontium aluminate phosphor with a high degree of water resistance. The pH of its aqueous solution remained at 8.5 after being placed in water for 400 min, after which the fluorescent wood‐plastic composite 3D printing substrate was prepared. This was achieved by utilizing Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and poplar wood flour as the substrate, with the addition of the SiO 2 SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ phosphor. The preparation of the fluorescent wood‐plastic composite (WPC) 3D printing substrate is outlined below. The composite 3D printing substrate has been found to demonstrate a tensile strength of 48.64 MPa when subjected to an SiO 2 Al 2 O 4 : Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ phosphor content of 4%; at the same time, it has a good fluorescent effect. The substrate has been shown to enhance the versatility of PLA composites and reduce the cost of fluorescent WPC. These materials are both waterproof, making them suitable for a wider range of applications. They exhibit favorable nighttime fluorescent properties and permit experimentation with personalized customization through 3D printing.

Asurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) strategy for integrated sampling and in situ detection ofdiquat (DQ) and paraquat (PQ) in air and wateris presented. By leveraging the unique characteristics of the SERS fingerprint alongside the exceptional adsorption capacity of porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, we synthesized a composite substrate consisting of porous PTFE and silver nanostars (AgNSts). Utilizing the AgNSts@PTFE filter, DQ and PQ can be sampled with an air sampler and detected in situ using a portable Raman spectrometer effectively, without pre-processing steps. Strong correlations were found between SERS intensity and logarithmic analyteconcentration, with R2 values between 0.937 and 0.968. The detection limits for DQ and PQ were 0.74ppb and 0.23ppb, respectively, andare below the permissible concentrations. This study presents a novel, rapid method for detecting DQ and PQ in aerosols in non-laboratory settings, offering an alternative approach to conventional techniques.

Abstract Bidirectional silica fabric-based polymer composite laminates were fabricated using resin transfer molding followed by oven curing. To evaluate the effects of environmental exposure, samples were cut as per testing requirements, and a substrate was surface-coated with a 300-µm-thick polyurethane (PU) layer. Both PU-coated and uncoated samples were subjected to hot-wet conditioning in a climatic chamber for 100 days under critical conditions of 65 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH). In this study, density, thermal conductivity, pull-off adhesion, scratch resistance, and various mechanical strengths at room temperature and 100 °C were measured before and after conditioning. For uncoated composites, a significant effect of hot-wet conditioning on mechanical strengths, with reductions ranging between 15 and 30%, was observed. When compared between uncoated and coated composites, coated composites exhibited an additional reduction in tensile strength, flexural strength by 14–25%, and interlaminar shear strength decreased from 53 MPa (uncoated, after conditioning) to 46 MPa (after coating & conditioning), although compression and in-plane shear strengths were relatively unaffected. Furthermore, coated samples experienced over a 35% reduction in scratch resistance and pull-off adhesion strength (declined significantly from 8.1 MPa to 5.1 MPa), while density and thermal conductivity remained unchanged. These degradations were attributed to the formation of micro-crevices between the composite substrate and the PU coating, resulting in cavitation damage and matrix degradation. Based on these findings, PU coatings are not recommended for outdoor applications wherein environmental conditions are 65 °C and 85% RH.

Heterostructures have emerged as promising contenders for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. Nevertheless, the construction of a composite SERS substrate with well-matched energy levels persists as a challenge, primarily due to the restricted selection of SERS-active materials. In this study, we successfully synthesized a Ag nanoparticles (NPs)/ZnO nanorods (NRs)/GaN heterojunction featuring type II staggered energy bands, which provides an outstanding platform for efficient SERS detection. Moreover, considering that both ZnO and GaN are pyroelectric semiconductor materials, the pyroelectric potential generated at the ZnO and GaN heterojunctions improves energy level matching. This, in turn, promotes charge transfer within the composite structure and substantially enhances the chemical enhancement of SERS. Under the modulation of pyroelectricity, the SERS signal intensity of rhodamine 6G (R6G) increased by approximately 15-fold, and the detection limit decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, the substrate exhibited the capability to detect pollutants, such as 20 nm nanoplastics and thiram, indicating its significant potential for environmental monitoring.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic materials have relatively low thermal conductivity and poor heat dissipation performance, and are increasingly unsuitable for high-power LED packaging. In this study, diamond films were deposited on AlN ceramic substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The effects of different process parameters on the crystal quality, surface morphology and crystal orientation of diamond films were studied, and the high thermal conductivity of diamond was used to enhance the heat dissipation ability of AlN ceramic substrates. Finally, the junction temperature and thermal resistance of LED devices packaged on AlN ceramic–diamond composite substrate, AlN ceramic substrate and aluminum substrate were tested. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional aluminum and AlN ceramic substrates, AlN ceramic–diamond composite substrates show excellent heat dissipation performance, especially under high-power conditions.

Disposble electrochemical aptasensors: From design strategies, signal amplification, to applications and future perspectives.

Three-dimensional urchin-like K2Ti8O17 / Ag NPs composite as a SERS substrate for detecting folic acid and thiram.