Automation Components Research Articles

Multi-Cloud Automation : A Strategic Approach to Cloud Infrastructure Management

This article examines the evolution and impact of multi-cloud automation strategies in modern enterprise environments, supported by comprehensive industry research and case studies. Drawing from multiple industry reports, including Flexera's 2024 State of the Cloud Report and PwC's Cloud and AI Business Survey, the research reveals that 89% of enterprises now employ multi-cloud strategies, with the global multi-cloud management market projected to grow at a CAGR of 27.3% through 2030. The article analyzes key components of successful multi-cloud automation, including deployment automation, operational excellence through monitoring, and incident management, while providing detailed metrics on their effectiveness. Through examination of real-world implementations across retail, financial services, and SaaS sectors, the research demonstrates how organizations achieve significant improvements in operational efficiency, cost optimization, and business agility through comprehensive automation strategies.

Аналіз номенклатури мікроконтролерів для побудови елементів домашньої автоматизації

The subject of study and research in this article is the list of modern microcontrollers and technologies of the programming for creation elements of home automation, embedded systems, and components of Internet of Things. The goal is to analyze the product range and nomenclature of modern microcontrollers for creation of components of IoT systems and home automation considering an available resources and hardware implementation of interfaces. The tasks: to analyze a significant parameters of microcontroller for practical use; to analyze the product range and a modern manufacturers list of the most widely used microcontrollers; to analyze the main features of AVR microcontrollers; to perform an analysis of the advantages of STM32 microcontrollers; to analyze the capabilities of ESP32 microcontrollers; to perform the comparison of hardware resources of these three groups of microcontrollers. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. Fourteen leading manufacturers of microcontrollers are analyzed with taking into account the bit length and a set of series and families of devices. The main characteristics and requirements for the practical application of microcontrollers for both the creation of embedded systems and for training and prototyping are highlighted. The reasons of the great popularity of the use of AVR microcontrollers by the community for training and learning of programming are identified. The capabilities of hardware resources and the advantages of using for embedded systems of the set of models of STM32 microcontrollers series are analyzed. The reasonability of the use of ESP32 microcontrollers for building of components of IoT systems and devices with Internet access is concluded. The comparison of the hardware resources of microcontrollers of three manufacturers is performed with taking into account the available size of program memory, the number of interfaces and pins. Conclusions. The main contribution and scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the performed analysis allows to simplify the process of a decision making about the selection of the required product range of modern microcontrollers for the creation of the components of the systems of home automation and Internet of Things with taking into account the available hardware resources, the number of pins, and the presence of hardware interfaces. This reduces the required efforts and costs at the initial stages of prototyping such systems, as well as during the porting to new microcontrollers and integrated environments of an already existing project.

Building Resilient Supply Chains with Intelligent Automation

Building Resilient Supply Chains with Intelligent Automation represents a transformative approach to modern supply chain management, focusing on optimizing operations through the integration of advanced technologies, data analytics, and process automation. In an increasingly complex and competitive global market, these solutions offer a framework to enhance efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness across the entire supply chain from procurement to final delivery. This paper explores the core components of Intelligent Automation, including data integration, supply chain visibility, inventory and demand management, and process automation. However, implementing these systems also presents challenges such as overcoming data silos, managing supply chain complexity, and ensuring regulatory compliance. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Intelligent Automation in supply chains, emphasizing their benefits, challenges, and the critical role they play in the evolution of supply chain management in today's dynamic business environment. Keyword: Supply Chain, Advance Logistics, Courier Management, Supply Solution, Automation, Demant Management

EA-CTFVS: An Environment-Agnostic Coarse-to-Fine Visual Servoing Method for Sub-Millimeter-Accurate Assembly

Peg-in-hole assembly, a crucial component of robotic automation in manufacturing, continues to pose challenges due to its strict tolerance requirements. To date, most conventional peg-in-hole assembly algorithms have been validated only within simulated environments or under limited observational scenarios. In this paper, an environment-agnostic coarse-to-fine visual servoing (EA-CTFVS) assembly algorithm is proposed. Firstly, to solve the frequent issue of visual blindness during visual servoing, a bottleneck pose is proposed to be used as the desired pose for the visual servoing. Secondly, to achieve accurate assembly, a coarse-to-fine framework is constructed, in which a rough pose is given by the coarse controller to remove large initial alignment errors. For the fine controller, a twin network-based fine controller is provided to improve assembly accuracy. Furthermore, EA-CTFVS utilizes the Oriented Bounding Box (OBB) of objects as the input for visual servoing, which guarantees the system’s ability to operate effectively in diverse and complex scenes. The proposed EA-CTFVS achieves a successful assembly rate of 0.92/0.89 for initial alignment errors of 15/30 cm and 0.6 mm tolerance in real-world D-sub plug assembly tasks under complex scenarios.

ADVANCING INDUSTRY 4.0 WITH ROS: A CASE STUDY ON AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOT TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

In the world of Industry 4.0, Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) are now vital parts of modern industrial automation. This study examines how the Robot Operating System (ROS) plays a crucial role in advancing technology for AMRs. By looking at real-life examples, it shows how ROS helps in creating and using AMRs, changing how industrial processes work. The study demonstrates how ROS is being integrated into AMR design and operation, leading to improved autonomy, flexibility, and productivity in industrial settings. This study discusses how ROS-powered AMRs have transformed various tasks like material handling, warehouse logistics, and autonomous navigation, leading to increased productivity and cost-efficiency. It also explores the challenges and opportunities brought about by ROS in the Industry 4.0 era, including sensor fusion, machine learning, and human-robot teamwork. Furthermore, ROS not only influences the design and operation of AMR, but also enables smooth integration with advanced technologies such as sensor fusion and machine learning. This opens up opportunities for improved flexibility and teamwork between humans and robots in the ever-evolving environment of Industry 4.0. The importance of ROS in connecting traditional manufacturing practices with the changing demands of the fourth industrial revolution is emphasized.

Total automation of medical biology laboratories

This literature review provides a detailed examination of the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical tasks that can be automated within the operations of a medical biology laboratory. We conduct an in-depth analysis of the various components of automation, making precise distinctions between no automation, partial automation, and full automation. The objectives and expectations associated with full automation will be discussed, while identifying the limitations and challenges inherent in it. In conclusion, we present prospects for automation in this vital area of medicine, highlighting anticipated technological advances and emerging opportunities that will shape the future of laboratory practices.

A deep-well plate enabled automated high-throughput cell line development platform.

Cell line development (CLD) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing process development of therapeutic biologics. Most biologics are produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Because of the nature of random transgene integration in CHO genome and CHO's inherent plasticity, stable CHO transfectants usually have a vast diversity in productivity, growth, and product quality. Thus, we often must resort to screening a large number of cell pools and clones to increase the probability of identifying the ideal production cell line, which is a very laborious and resource-demanding process. Here we have developed a deep-well plate (DWP) enabled high throughput (DEHT) CLD platform using 24-well DWP (24DWP), liquid handler, and other automation components. This platform has capabilities covering the key steps of CLD including cell passaging, clone imaging and expansion, and fed-batch production. We are the first to demonstrate the suitability of 24DWP for CLD by confirming minimal well-to-well and plate-to-plate variability and the absence of well-to-well cross contamination. We also demonstrated that growth, production, and product quality of 24DWP cultures were comparable to those of conventional shake flask cultures. The DEHT platform enables scientists to screen five times more cultures than the conventional CLD platform, thus significantly decreases the resources needed to identify an ideal production cell line for biologics manufacturing.

Implementation of Frugal Innovation Approach in Moroccan Industry through the Development of a New Frugal System

To keep pace with economic growth in an environment marked by globalization, competition, and the significant magnitude of market requirements, companies must be dynamic to adapt quickly to new demands. This dynamism must be achieved through frugal projects aimed at achieving better performance with fewer resources. In line with this vision, we have proposed a new frugal innovation approach to develop a new concept of machines to meet the requirements of Smart Automation, which is the main element of the transformation plan defined by our company as a strategy for the coming years. This strategy aligns with the direction set by Morocco for the second generation of the Industrial Acceleration Plan 2021–2025. This work serves to introduce the objectives of the second-generation Industrial Acceleration Plan in Morocco, describe a company transformation strategy with an emphasis on the Smart Automation component and its context, explain frugal innovation applications within our organization and their outcomes, and outline the project and frugal innovation approach perspectives in Morocco. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed and implemented concept of frugal innovation, illustrated in a cost reduction of 59.7% compared with the manual process, of less than 56.3% compared with the existing semi-automatic process, and of less than 36.8% compared with the fully automatic process and in the improvement of quality by a reduction in customer complaints of 72.7% and in the scrap rate percentage of 0.2%. This has been achieved by providing cost-effective solutions in our competitive automotive environment. These results reinforce the importance of the approach in its global application.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РОБОТИЗАЦИИ

The increase in labor costs, the shortage of qualified employees, the reduction in the cost of acquiring advanced technologies and the need to find technical solutions to increase competitiveness and strengthen the market position of companies leads to the fact that automation and robotization have become considered by entrepreneurs as business strategies. Opportunities to compete in international markets due only to cheap labor will soon disappear, so the dynamics of global demand for robots and other components of industrial automation in the next few years will remain in double digits. The unemployment rate and the aging of the population are already causing difficulties in finding workers. In some cases, the small scale of production, the wide variety of assortment and the simplicity of the products produced lead to the fact that automation of technological chains does not have sufficient economic justification. However, robotization should not be associated exclusively with mass monotonous production. It can be successfully used in the production of even single products, with a high degree of personalization and higher quality. Mental barriers are a significant obstacle to making a decision on the robotization of production. The article focuses on modern technological changes, as well as the identification of positive and negative consequences of the robotization of the economy.

ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ СРЕДСТВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ

The causes of the existing problems of the industrial automation market are determined and an analysis of analogues, proven components of industrial automation in the Russian Federation market is carried out. The use and purchase of sanctioned equipment is complicated by the fact that manufacturers of "unfriendly" countries indicate individual identification numbers on the manufactured equipment. With the help of a single identification database, the manufacturer controls the volume of equipment supplies to serviced industrial facilities in other countries. If the volume of supplies exceeds the annual limit, the equipment manufacturer asks the customer to send the disabled equipment for examination, or sends its specialist to the serviced enterprise. In case of detection of resale of the supplied equipment in the Russian Federation by parallel import, this enterprise ceases to fall under warranty service and later personal sanctions are imposed against it. This article discusses the issue of the process of import substitution of automated process control systems in the territory of the Russian Federation. The main focus is on analyzing the current state of the industry, identifying the main problems and determining the prospects for the development of domestic manufacturers. After analyzing the topic, the authors conclude that import substitution is a key factor in ensuring the technological independence and security of the country, as well as stimulating innovation and development of the Russian economy. Import substitution of automated process control systems is one of the priority areas of development of the Russian economy. The main purpose of this process is to ensure the technological sovereignty of the country by creating and using domestic developments that are not inferior in quality and functionality to imported analogues.

Enhancing Industrial Automation through Efficient Technology Management in Society

Purpose: The accelerated advancement of technology has revolutionized industries across the globe, enabling unprecedented levels of automation and efficiency. An in-depth examination of the vital field of technology management and its crucial part in orchestrating the smooth automation of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary industries is provided in this study. Information, communication, and computation technologies (ICCT underlying technologies) and nanotechnologies are included in the broad range of Universal technologies of the 21st century that fall under the purview of technology management. The first point made in the article is how crucial good technology management is to the success of industrial automation. It looks at how technology management techniques have changed to meet the varied and dynamic nature of contemporary industries. Design/Methodology/Approach: ICCT can be used to connect and coordinate processes, as well as for intelligent decision-making. Additionally, the potential of nanotechnologies for precise and miniature automation components is being explored. Examining the intricacies related to technology integration, scalability, and sustainability, key challenges and opportunities in technology management are examined. Findings/Result: The paper provides insights into best practices for matching organizational goals and strategies with technology management, emphasizing the necessity for flexible frameworks that can adjust to changing market demands. Based on the proposed developments of Super Intelligent Machines and technology-based singularity, and their impact on Industrial Automation, the consequences of socio-economic and environmental effects of technology-driven automation in companies are also covered in this article, highlighting the significance of ethical and sustainable technology management. It emphasizes the requirement for moral concerns, skill development, and laws that guarantee a fair transition to automated industrial processes while minimizing potential negative effects. Originality/Value: In summary, competent technology management forms the basis for the successful automation of industries in all spheres of society. This paper includes a comprehensive overview of the principles, strategies, and applications of technology management along with ABCD analysis emphasizing the potential for transformative change in the landscape of modern industries in all four sectors and the pressing need to ensure ethical and sustainable practices. Type of paper: Exploratory Research.

Smart Home Automation

Home automation, fueled by advancements in technology, has evolved into a transformative paradigm, reshaping the way we interact with and manage our living spaces. This paper explores the multifaceted landscape of home automation, investigating the integration of smart devices, sensors, and intelligent control systems to create residences that are not only interconnected but also adaptive and responsive to the needs of their occupants. With a focus on enhancing convenience, energy efficiency, and security, home automation technologies offer innovative solutions for everyday tasks. This abstract delves into the fundamental components of home automation, examining the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, artificial intelligence, and user interfaces. It also explores the challenges and considerations associated with widespread adoption, including issues of privacy, interoperability, and standardization. As the field continues to evolve, this research contributes insights into the current state of home automation, its impact on daily living, and the potential for future development in creating intelligent, user-centric living environments.

SensiX++: Bringing MLOps and Multi-tenant Model Serving to Sensory Edge Devices

We present SensiX++, a multi-tenant runtime for adaptive model execution with integrated MLOps on edge devices, e.g., a camera, a microphone, or IoT sensors. SensiX++ operates on two fundamental principles: highly modular componentisation to externalise data operations with clear abstractions and document-centric manifestation for system-wide orchestration. First, a data coordinator manages the lifecycle of sensors and serves models with correct data through automated transformations. Next, a resource-aware model server executes multiple models in isolation through model abstraction, pipeline automation, and feature sharing. An adaptive scheduler then orchestrates the best-effort executions of multiple models across heterogeneous accelerators, balancing latency and throughput. Finally, microservices with REST APIs serve synthesised model predictions, system statistics, and continuous deployment. Collectively, these components enable SensiX++ to serve multiple models efficiently with fine-grained control on edge devices while minimising data operation redundancy, managing data and device heterogeneity, and reducing resource contention. We benchmark SensiX++ with 10 different vision and acoustics models across various multi-tenant configurations on different edge accelerators (Jetson AGX and Coral TPU) designed for sensory devices. We report on the overall throughput and quantified benefits of various automation components of SensiX++ and demonstrate its efficacy in significantly reducing operational complexity and lowering the effort to deploy, upgrade, reconfigure, and serve embedded models on edge devices.

How do Blame Attributions Impact Trust in Complex Task Environments?

Trust in automation is a multidimensional process in predicting the proper use of automated systems. Trust can be generalized across components in multi-component systems, leading to contagion effects. However, no research has considered how blame attributions influence the size of contagion effects. We conducted an experiment to address how attributions of blame and responsibility influenced the magnitude of contagion effects for trust. Participants were presented with a hypothetical scenario depicting an airplane environment consisting of six human and six automation components. Participants rated their trust in each component before and after an oxygen mask failure. The findings indicate that the percentage of blame attributed to a component predicted the degree to that trust decreased following an error. Thus, more research should focus on how users assign blame across systems.

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ACTIVE ASPIRATION ALARM SYSTEMS IN FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS OF MANY-STOREYED HIGH BUILDINGS

At present, multi-story high-rise buildings are becoming one of the most widely used buildings in cities. Now it is very difficult to imagine urban architecture without them. The increase in the urban population in cities is the result of an increase in the level of urbanization. As a result, the price of land increases due to the lack of free land in cities. Thus, the construction of multi-story buildings has become an inevitable solution to this issue, but this, in turn, has led to new problems. Depending on the purpose, composition, and number of technical systems, multi-story buildings are complex engineering and technical objects. On the one hand, the use of engineering and technical systems leads to an increase in the standard of living of people living standards, but they are also the main causes of new problems. For example, high-rise buildings are quite large consumers of electrical energy, both as objects and as subjects of these buildings, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the likelihood of a fire in them. To prevent such undesirable cases, one has to use fire safety systems, one of the components of building automation. One of the main responsibilities of fire safety systems is to determine the initial stage of ignition and quickly detect its source, only, in this case, it can be eliminated or at least localized. The life and property of people can be protected. The main purpose of this article is to consider the currently unused active aspiration system in multi-story high-rise buildings as an alternative to currently used systems to improve efficiency in terms of fire safety. The article includes the appointment of an active aspiration system, the principle of operation, and the main characteristics, and functions of those designed for early fire detection. In addition, several options and a comparative analysis of an active aspiration system are considered to create a highly efficient fire safety system for high-rise buildings. Keywords: fire protection systems, smoke exhaust systems, fire protection sensors, aspirator alarm systems, automatic building systems.

Design of 4-DOF hybrid parallel robots with an integrated three-fingered robot end effector

Grippers are essential components of robotic automation, allowing general purpose robots to perform specialized tasks. This paper aims to design a novel family of 4-DOF hybrid parallel robots, which has an integrated three-fingered robot end effector. As the proposed hybrid parallel robot features a parallel structure, it holds the potential to offer advantages synonymous with parallel mechanisms. The three-fingered robot end effector can perform stable grasping of objects with different sizes and shapes. First, the condition for stable grasping is derived and the synthesis method is proposed. Second, a family of novel 4-DOF hybrid parallel robots is designed through integrating a newly invented three-fingered robot end effector. Finally, a comparative study including the workspace analysis, singularity analysis and performance evaluation of an example hybrid parallel robot with two different topologies is carried out. Then the hybrid parallel robot with a better performance can be selected. The results of performance analysis demonstrate the correctness and rationality of the synthesis method and the high application potential of the obtained hybrid parallel robots.

OPENPLC HARDWARE SPEED PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are critical components in industrial automation. As the technology behind PLCs continues to evolve, there is an ever-growing range of PLC hardware available in the market and their performance and functionality can vary significantly. Choosing the right PLC for a given application is thus a challenging task, requiring a thorough understanding of the available options and their capabilities. This approach involves running benchmarking tests on different PLCs to measure their performance and compare them. In this article, we compare the edge boundaries of time-based parameters of different PLC hardware, including open-source embedded controllers (Arduino and ESP8266) working with software such as OpenPLC and also Wago programmable logic controller PFC200 Keywords: OpenPLC, Programmable Logic Controller, PLC Benchmark, Speed Test

Tool Wear Condition Monitoring Method Based on Deep Learning with Force Signals.

Tool wear condition monitoring is an important component of mechanical processing automation, and accurately identifying the wear status of tools can improve processing quality and production efficiency. This paper studied a new deep learning model, to identify the wear status of tools. The force signal was transformed into a two-dimensional image using continuous wavelet transform (CWT), short-time Fourier transform (STFT), and Gramian angular summation field (GASF) methods. The generated images were then fed into the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) model for further analysis. The calculation results show that the accuracy of tool wear state recognition proposed in this paper was above 90%, which was higher than the accuracy of AlexNet, ResNet, and other models. The accuracy of the images generated using the CWT method and identified with the CNN model was the highest, which is attributed to the fact that the CWT method can extract local features of an image and is less affected by noise. Comparing the precision and recall values of the model, it was verified that the image obtained by the CWT method had the highest accuracy in identifying tool wear state. These results demonstrate the potential advantages of using a force signal transformed into a two-dimensional image for tool wear state recognition and of applying CNN models in this area. They also indicate the wide application prospects of this method in industrial production.

Assessing Patient Trust in Automation in Health Care Systems: Within-Subjects Experimental Study.

Health care technology has the ability to change patient outcomes for the betterment when designed appropriately. Automation is becoming smarter and is increasingly being integrated into health care work systems. This study focuses on investigating trust between patients and an automated cardiac risk assessment tool (CRAT) in a simulated emergency department setting. A within-subjects experimental study was performed to investigate differences in automation modes for the CRAT: (1) no automation, (2) automation only, and (3) semiautomation. Participants were asked to enter their simulated symptoms for each scenario into the CRAT as instructed by the experimenter, and they would automatically be classified as high, medium, or low risk depending on the symptoms entered. Participants were asked to provide their trust ratings for each combination of risk classification and automation mode on a scale of 1 to 10 (1=absolutely no trust and 10=complete trust). Results from this study indicate that the participants significantly trusted the semiautomation condition more compared to the automation-only condition (P=.002), and they trusted the no automation condition significantly more than the automation-only condition (P=.03). Additionally, participants significantly trusted the CRAT more in the high-severity scenario compared to the medium-severity scenario (P=.004). The findings from this study emphasize the importance of the human component of automation when designing automated technology in health care systems. Automation and artificially intelligent systems are becoming more prevalent in health care systems, and this work emphasizes the need to consider the human element when designing automation into care delivery.

The automatic measurement system for internal stress of acrylic

The manual measurement system for internal stress of acrylic was designed and realized, which is based on photo-elastic principle and spectrometric method. The manual measurement system can support mobile and quantitative measurement, and plays an important role in the fields of material research and engineering project. With the extensive application of the stress measurement system, automation is required to promote measuring efficiency and overcome the shortcomings of the manual measurement system. Electric control turntable was chosen as the key component for automation and adopted in the automatic measurement system. The automatic measurement system is controlled by program and user interface for operation has also been improved. The automatic measurement system has been realized and used for measuring internal stress of acrylic in the laboratory, which achieved the expected effect. The components of the automatic measurement system, the user interface for control program and data processing, and the stress measurements of the acrylic samples by the automatic measurement system are discussed in this article.