Component Of Chinese Medicine Research Articles

Syn-COM: A Multi-Level Predictive Synergy Framework for Innovative Drug Combinations

Drug prediction and treatment using bioinformatics and large-scale modeling have emerged as pivotal research areas. This study proposes a novel multi-level collaboration framework named Syn-COM for feature extraction and data integration of diseases and drugs. The framework aims to explore optimal drug combinations and interactions by integrating molecular virtuality, similarity clustering, overlap area, and network distance. It uniquely combines the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine with clinical experience and innovatively assesses drug interaction and correlation through a synergy matrix. Gouty arthritis (GA) was used as a case study to validate the framework’s reliability, leading to the identification of an effective drug combination for GA treatment, comprising Tamaricis Cacumen (Si = 0.73), Cuscutae Semen (Si = 0.68), Artemisiae Annuae Herba (Si = 0.62), Schizonepetae Herba (Si = 0.73), Gleditsiae Spina (Si = 0.89), Prunellae Spica (Si = 0.75), and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Si = 0.62). The efficacy of the identified drug combination was confirmed through animal experiments and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) component analysis. Results demonstrated significant reductions in the blood inflammatory factors IL1A, IL6, and uric acid, as well as downregulation of TGFB1, PTGS2, and MMP3 expression (p < 0.05), along with improvements in ankle joint swelling in GA mice. This drug combination notably enhances therapeutic outcomes in GA by targeting key genes, underscoring the potential of integrating traditional medicine with modern bioinformatics for effective disease treatment.

Multivariate HPLC system assessment and optimization for traditional Chinese medicine: a case study of Gastrodia elata.

The development of HPLC analytical methods for traditional Chinese medicine is intricate and time-consuming, influenced by factors such as column wear, solvent purity, and instrumental settings. A comprehensive evaluation of the HPLC system is crucial to mitigate potential variability and ensure the reliability of data. This is especially important given the complex and synergistic nature of the chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine, necessitating a multivariate measurement system analysis (MSA) to assess multiple correlated quality characteristics effectively. This study introduced a multivariate MSA method based on weighted principal components (WPC) to evaluate the HPLC system for the determination of metabolites in Gastrodia elata. By integrating multiple principal components and assigning weights according to their eigenvalues, the WPC method significantly enhanced both accuracy and robustness. It demonstrated a repeatability and reproducibility (% R&R) of 26.43% and a number of distinct categories (ndc) index of 5, confirming the system's acceptability. A full factorial experimental design was employed to identify key performance factors, leading to the recommendation to use five reference solutions for the standard curve and to triple sample preparations for improved precision and accuracy. Monte Carlo simulations confirmed the reliability of the system, showing % R&R and ndc values that follow a normal distribution, ranging from 19% to 22% and 6.07 to 7.38, respectively. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using a Box-Behnken experimental design. Subsequent validation experiments verified the method's high accuracy and reliability, with all relative standard deviation values for analytical precision, repeatability, and stability below 5%. The method also exhibited high recovery rates, exceeding 91% across three concentration levels, with RSD values under 4%. In conclusion, the application of a WPC-based multivariate MSA enabled a detailed evaluation of the HPLC system, ensuring accurate and reliable measurement of quality attributes. This method exemplified a scientifically rigorous approach for developing analytical methods in traditional Chinese medicine, enhancing both precision and reliability.

Innovative Research on the Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Artificial Intelligence for the Treatment of Herpes Zoster

Herpes zoster is a skin disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), primarily manifesting as painful skin rashes in localized areas. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating herpes zoster, and the integration of modern artificial intelligence (AI) technologies holds promise for further enhancing treatment efficacy. This study aims to construct an AI-based traditional Chinese medicine treatment plan by analyzing large-scale clinical data and traditional medical literature to establish individualized diagnostic models. The experimental results demonstrate that this method effectively shortens the disease course and reduces the incidence of complications. Additionally, the study reveals the mechanisms of action of various components of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment, providing a basis for further optimization of treatment plans. This innovative integration approach not only improves treatment precision but also offers a new paradigm for combined traditional and Western medicine treatment. This paper not only showcases the potential of AI in the field of traditional Chinese medicine but also provides new insights into the treatment of herpes zoster.

Response of Auxin, Carbohydrate and Lignin Metabolism to Habitat during the Development of Ginseng Taproot

Panax ginseng taproot serves as a crucial storage organ and constitutes a significant component of Chinese herbal medicine. In China, ginseng is cultivated using two primary methods: under-forest planting and farmland planting. These methods create distinct habitats that notably influence the morphology of ginseng taproots. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing ginseng taproot expansion remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to delineate the patterns of ginseng taproot expansion by examining taproots transplanted into farmland (TCG) and forest environments (TLCG and TQCG). Our findings indicate that light intensity and soil available potassium levels in TCG plots significantly exceed those in TLCG and TQCG plots. Compared with TLCG and TQCG, the taproot diameter of TCG increased by 11.54% and 27.73%, respectively. At the same time, combined with the microstructure of the transverse section of the taproot, it showed that the expansion of the TCG taproot was closely related to cell expansion. During TCG taproot expansion, there was an increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, significant starch accumulation, and a decrease in lignin content. By analyzing the expression of key genes, we found that compared with TLCG and TQCG, the expression of genes PgTPS1 and PgALDH1 was upregulated, and the expression of genes PgHCT1, PgPAL3, PgPER3, and PgPER51 were downregulated in TCG taproot. Additionally, the transcription factors PgARF18.1 and PgbHLH42 were identified as responsive to habitat changes, playing pivotal roles in taproot expansion. In conclusion, this study provides foundational insights into the regulatory mechanisms of ginseng taproot expansion, offering significant implications for enhancing the quality and value of ginseng.

Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis to Reveal Metabolite of Morus alba L. in Different Medicinal Parts.

Morus alba L. is a tradition medical and edible plant. It is rich in many important bioactive components. However, there is a dearth of systematic information about the components. Here, the Mori Cortex, Mori Folium, Mori Fructus, and Mori Ramulus were studied. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) is used to study primary and secondary metabolites. Eight hundred two metabolites were identified and classified into 10 different categories in total. Correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and principal component analysis of metabolites showed that different parts of the sample could be significantly different. In different medicinal parts, alkaloids accounted for 4.0%, 3.6%, 5.1%, and 4.5%; flavonoids accounted for 0.7%, 27.2%, 5.6%, 1.2%; terpenes accounted for 20.1%, 2.1%, 2.6%, 2.5%. Furthermore, the abundance of phenols, phenylpropanoids, and lipids metabolites sequentially accounted for 2.3-4.4%, 0.5-1.8%, and 2.4-5.3%. These results have improved our understanding of metabolites and provided a reference for research on the medicinal and edible value of Morus alba L. In addition, the study reveals the correlation between the components of Traditional Chinese medicine and the basic theory of TCM properties and reinterprets the ancient wisdom in the world's traditional herbs through the perspective of modern science.

Harmine promotes megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombopoiesis by activating the Rac1/Cdc42/JNK pathway through a potential target of 5-HTR2A.

Harmine (HM), a β-carboline alkaloid extracted from plants, is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its diverse pharmacological activities. Thrombocytopenia, a common and challenging hematological disorder, often coexists with serious illnesses. Previous research has shown a correlation between HM and thrombocytopenia, but the mechanism needs further elucidation. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effects of HM on thrombocytopenia and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Flow cytometry, Giemsa staining, and Phalloidin staining were used to assess HM's impact on Meg-01 and HEL cell differentiation and maturation in vitro. A radiation-induced thrombocytopenic mouse model was employed to evaluate HM's effect on platelet production in vivo. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and protein blotting were utilized to investigate HM's targets and mechanisms. The results demonstrated that HM dose-dependently promoted Meg-01 and HEL cell differentiation and maturation in vitro and restored platelet levels in irradiated mice in vivo. Subsequently, HM was found to be involved in the biological process of platelet production by upregulating the expressions of Rac1, Cdc42, JNK, and 5-HTR2A. Furthermore, the targeting of HM to 5-HTR2A and its correlation with downstream Rac1/Cdc42/JNK were also confirmed. In conclusion, HM regulates megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombopoiesis through the 5-HTR2A and Rac1/Cdc42/JNK pathways, providing a potential treatment strategy for thrombocytopenia.

Interplay between traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides and gut microbiota: The elusive "polysaccharides-bond-bacteria-enzyme" equation.

Polysaccharides are one of the most important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have been extensively studied for their immunomodulatory properties. The functions and effects of TCM polysaccharides are closely related to the gut microbiota, making the study of their interaction a hot topic in the field of TCM metabolism. This review follows two main inquiries: first, how the gut microbiota breaks down TCM polysaccharides to produce bioactive metabolites; and second, how TCM polysaccharides reshape the gut microbiota as a carbon source. Understanding the interaction mechanism involves a challenging equation of the structural association of TCM polysaccharides with the metabolic activities of the microbiota. This review has meticulously searched, partially organized literature spanning the past decade, that delves into the interaction mechanism between TCM polysaccharides and gut microbiota. It also gives an overview of the complex factors of the elusive "polysaccharides-bond-bacteria-enzyme" equation: the complexity of polysaccharide structures, the diversity of glycosidic bond types, the communal nature of metabolizing microbiota, the enzymes involved in functional degradation by microbiota, and the hierarchical roles of polysaccharide utilization locus and gram-positive PULs. Finally, this review aims to facilitate discussion among peers in the field of TCM microbiota and offers prospects for research in related fields, paving the way for pharmacological studies on TCM polysaccharides and gut microbiota therapeutics, and providing a reference point for further clinical research.

Alleviated diabetic osteoporosis and peripheral neuropathic pain by Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch polysaccharide via increasing regulatory T cells

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) are conditions that significantly impact the quality of life of patients worldwide. Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, a component of traditional Chinese medicine with a history spanning thousands of years, has been utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis and diabetes. Specifically, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch polysaccharide (RGP), a key bioactive compound of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, has demonstrated immune-modulating properties and beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and vascular inflammation in diabetic mice. Despite these known actions, the precise mechanisms of RGP in addressing DOP and DPN remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the impact of RGP on osteoporosis and peripheral neuropathic pain in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The findings revealed that RGP not only improved hyperglycemia and osteoporosis in STZ-induced diabetic mice but also enhanced osteogenesis, insulin production, and nerve health. Specifically, RGP alleviated distal pain, improved nerve conduction velocity, nerve fiber integrity, and immune cell balance in the spleen. Mechanistically, RGP was found to upregulate HDAC6 mRNA expression in regulatory T cells, potentially shedding light on novel pathways for preventing DOP and DPN. These results offer promising insights for the development of new therapeutic approaches for diabetic complications.

Yinchenhao Decoction mitigates intestinal impairment induced by high carbohydrate diet in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): insights from inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, tight junctions, and microbiota homeostasis.

As a major source of energy, carbohydrates have a protein-saving effect. However, excessive consumption of carbohydrates can lead to the disruption of the intestinal barrier in fish, especially for carnivorous fish. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine component Yinchenhao Decoction (YD), was used to detect the effect on intestinal barriers and microbial community equilibrium for largemouth bass in current research. In this research, a series of NC (normal carbohydrate diet) and HC (high carbohydrate diet) with graded YD treatments during 10 weeks feeding trial. Results suggested that 2% and 4% YD treatments significantly reduced gut inflammation and mucosal loss caused by HC. Compared with NC, HC significantly decreased the relative expression of intestinal tight junction-related genes (zo1, claudin1, claudin7, and occludin). However, with the application of YD, the expression of tight junction-related genes (zo1, claudin1, and claudin7) increased significantly (p < 0.05). Likewise, administration of YD significantly reduced elevated plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity caused by HC (p < 0.05). Additionally, YD significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related genes (grp78, atf6, chopα, ire1, xbp1, and eifα) and pro-apoptosis genes (casp3, casp8, and bax) (p < 0.05), while upregulating the anti-apoptosis gene bcl2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, YD significantly increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes and the enzyme activities of CAT and GPX, while decreased MDA concentration significantly (p < 0.05). Whereas, YD markedly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (il1β, tnfα, il8, and nf-κB) and the immune enzymes activity (ACP and AKP) (p < 0.05) by up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (ikb and il10). Notably, YD modulated the largemouth bass intestinal microbial community, enhanced the diversity and increased the abundance of probiotic microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. In summary, YD supplementation in HC alleviated inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, tight-junction injury, and microbiota disequilibrium in the intestine, which suggested that YD could be a valuable functional additive in aquaculture.

Caffeic acid inhibits the tumorigenicity of triple-negative breast cancer cells through the FOXO1/FIS pathway

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) still one of the most challenging sub-type in breast cancer clinical. Caffeic acid (CA) derived from effective components of traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been show potential against TNBCs. Our research has found that CA can inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cells while also suppressing the size of cancer stem cell spheres. Additionally, it reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Simultaneously, CA influences the stemness of TNBC cells by reducing the expression of the stem cell marker protein CD44. Furthermore, we have observed that CA can modulate the FOXO1/FIS signaling pathway, disrupting mitochondrial function, inducing mitochondrial autophagy, and exerting anti-tumor activity. Additionally, changes in the immune microenvironment were detected using a mass cytometer, we found that CA can induce M1 polarization of macrophages, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses to exert anti-tumor activity. In summary, CA can be considered as a lead compound for further research in targeting TNBC.

PTGS2 as target of compound Huangbai liquid in the nursing of pressure ulcer.

Pressure ulcer refers to ulceration and necrosis caused by local skin and cell tissues being compressed for a long time, continuous ischemia, hypoxia, and malnutrition. However, role of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in the management of pressure ulcers in with compound Huangbai liquid is still unclear. Traditional Chinese medicine components and related targets of compound Huangbai liquid were collected through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) and Batman-traditional Chinese medicine database. Disease-related targets were obtained using the Gene Cards database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search tool for retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) and analyzed by Cytoscape to obtain the core components. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the compound Huangbai liquid in the treatment of pressure ulcers, 40 patients with pressure ulcers were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 20 individuals in each group. The observation group received treatment with compound Huangbai liquid. Sixty-five components and 480 targets of compound Huangbai liquid were obtained from TCMSP and Batman - traditional Chinese medicine databases. Two hundred seventy-three pressure ulcer-related targets were obtained. Seventy-two potential targets of compound Huangbai pigment in treatment of pressure ulcer were obtained, and 2 unrelated targets were deleted. There were 70 nodes and 1167 edges in PPI network. Gene ontology (GO) function is involved in biological processes such as reactive oxygen species metabolism and cellular response to chemical stress. Cellular components such as platelet α granules lumen and membrane rafts were involved. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results showed that compound Huangbai liquid in treatment of pressure ulcer. The clinical results indicate that the compound Huangbai liquid has a good therapeutic effect on pressure ulcers. PTGS2 may be a target for treatment of pressure ulcers with compound Huangbai liquid, providing a new direction for its treatment.

Dual-modal analysis of cis-diols in traditional Chinese medicine via boronic acid incorporated metal organic frameworks

In this study, a boronic acid incorporated metal organic frameworks (inBA-MIL-100) were prepared via metal-ligand-fragment co-assembly strategy. The prepared frameworks can be served either as enrichment sorbent or SALDI-MS matrix for cis-diol containing molecules. Thus, a dual-modal analysis of cis-diols in traditional Chinese medicine has been established. Several significant advantages of the proposed strategy have been experimentally demonstrated, including high selectivity, high binding capacity (70 mg/g), good generality (5–250 μg/mL for HPLC based sample preparation, 10–500 ng/mL for SALDI-MS), high sensitivity (LOD: 180 ng/mL for HPLC based sample preparation, 5 ng/mL for SALDI-MS) and reliable quantification (RSD<3 % for HPLC based sample preparation, RSD<12 % for SALDI-MS) performance. Finally, the successful analysis of various cis-diols (active component and mycotoxin) in various Chinese traditional medicine was also achieved.

Lycorine combined with cisplatin synergistically inhibited osteosarcoma cells growth and metastasis by suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin and STAT3 signaling pathways

Cisplatin is commonly used in treating osteosarcoma, however, chemoresistance reduces its efficacy and results in a poor prognosis. Lycorine, a Chinese herbal medicine component, possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the combined impact of lycorine and cisplatin on osteosarcoma and its molecular mechanism. The combination of lycorine and cisplatin exhibited a synergistic effect evaluated by MTT and Zheng-Jun Jin’s method. Lycorine and cisplatin synergistically inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion, and induce apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Pharmacological analysis predicts 13 key targets, including Wnt/β-Catenin and STAT3. After treatment with this combination, key molecules in Wnt/β-Catenin and STAT3 pathways were significantly inhibited. In an orthotopic tumor model, the combination significantly reduces lung metastasis. The present work suggests that a combination of lycorine with cisplatin can effectively inhibit OS cells by suppressing the Wnt/β-Catenin and STAT3 signaling pathways synergistically. This is expected to enhance the therapeutic effect of OS.

Identification of Cortex Cercis chinensis Decoction Pieces from Different Growth Origins Using Raman Spectroscopy

The complexity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components and the time-consuming of traditional detection methods make it necessary and meaningful to establish rapid and efficient identification techniques. This study explores the potential of Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive technique offering details of molecular structure, for rapid and accurate identification. Cortex Cercis chinensis (CCC) decoction pieces from diverse geographical origins, Anhui, Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Hubei, were collected and analyzed using Raman spectroscopy at 785 nm, and the Raman characteristic peaks were analyzed. MATLAB software was employed to analyze the similarity between the spectra of CCC decoction pieces, and the original Raman spectral data were transformed into first and second derivative spectra. The results revealed distinct Raman spectral characteristics of carbohydrates and glycosidic bonds (characteristic peaks at 480, 531, 549, 873, 946 and 1086 cm−1). The correlation coefficients of the all the four samples from different origins ranged from 0.9625 to 0.9912, while the coincidence coefficients ranged from 0.9602 to 0.9934. The first and second derivative demonstrated significantly different peaks within specific ranges, 180–200, 280–380, and 680–740 cm−1 for first derivatives, 160–300, 340–400 and 420–480 cm−1 for second derivatives. These obvious differences in first and second derivative spectra of Raman spectra of CCC decoction pieces demonstrated the different growth origins. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the ability of Raman spectroscopy to accurately differentiate CCC decoction pieces from different geographical growth origin. These findings provided a basis for further application of Raman spectra characteristic fingerprints to be used in quality control for rapid identification of the quality and origin of TCM raw materials.

Chemical structure and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Saposhnikoviae Radix

A new polysaccharide, named SP40015A01, was obtained from Saposhnikoviae Radix by water extraction, isolation and purification. SP40015A01 (9.7 × 105 Da) is composed of Rhamnose (Rha), Galacturonic acid (GalA), Galactose (Gal), and Arabinose (Ara) with the proportion of 1.6:85.6:5.8:7.6. The backbone of SP40015A01 is composed of 3-α-GalAp, 2-α-GalAp, 2,3-β-GalAp and 2,3-β-Galp, and branched at C3 of 2,3-β-GalAp, C3 of 2,3-β-Galp. Zebrafish experiments were used to explore the immunomodulatory activity of SP40015A01. Results showed that SP40015A01 could significantly improve the neutrophils density of immunocompromised zebrafish and reduce the content of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). This study demonstrated that SP40015A01 has significant immunomodulatory activity, which can improve the neutrophils density and reduce inflammatory factor content, suggesting SP40015A01 may be a potential immunomodulator in Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR) for treatment of hypoimmunity related disease. This study supplemented the research on the polysaccharide components in traditional Chinese medicine and provided a scientific explanation for the development and clinical applications of SR.

Chromosome genome assembly of the Camphora longepaniculata (Gamble) with PacBio and Hi-C sequencing data.

Camphora longepaniculata, a crucial commercial crop and a fundamental component of traditional Chinese medicine, is renowned for its abundant production of volatile terpenoids. However, the lack of available genomic information has hindered pertinent research efforts in the past. To bridge this gap, the present study aimed to use PacBio HiFi, short-read, and highthroughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing to construct a chromosome-level assembly of the C. longepaniculata genome. With twelve chromosomes accounting for 99.82% (766.69 Mb) of the final genome assembly, which covered 768.10 Mb, it was very complete. Remarkably, the assembly's contig and scaffold N50 values are exceptional as well-41.12 and 63.78 Mb, respectively-highlighting its excellent quality and intact structure. Furthermore, a total of 39,173 protein-coding genes were predicted, with 38,766 (98.96%) of them being functionally annotated. The completeness of the genome was confirmed by the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog evaluation, which revealed 99.01% of highly conserved plant genes. As the first comprehensive assembly of the C. longepaniculata genome, it provides a crucial starting point for deciphering the complex pathways involved in terpenoid production. Furthermore, this excellent genome serves as a vital resource for upcoming research on the breeding and genetics of C. longepaniculata.

Potential COVID-19 remedies from repurposed drugs and herbal small RNAs.

To date, SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths, but the choice of treatment is limited. We previously established a platform for identifying Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved repurposed drugs for avian influenza A virus infections that could be used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. In this study, we analyzed blood samples from two cohorts of 63 COVID-19 patients, including 19 patients with severe disease. Among the 39 FDA-approved drugs we identified for COVID-19 therapy in both cohorts, 23 drugs were confirmed by literature mining data, including 14 drugs already under COVID-19 clinical trials and 9 drugs reported for COVID-19 treatments, suggesting the remaining 16 FDA-approved drugs may be candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Additionally, we previously reported that herbal small RNAs (sRNAs) could be effective components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating COVID-19. Based on the abundance of sRNAs, we screened the 245 TCMs in the Bencao (herbal) sRNA Atlas that we had previously established, and we found that the top 12 TCMs for COVID-19 treatment was consistent across both cohorts. We validated the efficiency of the top 30 sRNAs from each of the top 3 TCMs for COVID-19 treatment in poly(I:C)-stimulated human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549 cells). In conclusion, our study recommends potential COVID-19 remedies using FDA-approved repurposed drugs and herbal sRNAs from TCMs.

Targeting MAPK14 in microglial cells: neuroimmune implications of Panax ginseng in post-stroke inflammation.

This study investigates the molecular mechanisms through which Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) mitigate neuroinflammatory damage and promote neural repair postischemic stroke, utilizing bioinformatics, and experimental approaches. Cerebral infarction significantly contributes to disability worldwide, with chronic neuroinflammation worsening cognitive impairments and leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Addressing neuroimmune interactions is crucial for slowing disease progression and enhancing patient recovery, highlighting the need for advanced research in neuroimmune regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. To elucidate the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine components Panax ginseng and PNS on neuroinflammatory damage following ischemic stroke, focusing on the molecular pathways involved in mitigating inflammation and facilitating neural repair. The study employs single-cell sequencing and transcriptomic analysis to investigate gene expression changes associated with cerebral infarction. Gene set enrichment analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis are used to identify key molecular markers and core genes. Furthermore, pharmacological profiling, including functional assays, assesses the impact of Ginsenoside-Rc, a PNS derivative, on microglial cell viability, cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Our analysis revealed that MAPK14 is a critical mediator in the neuroinflammatory response to ischemic stroke. Ginsenoside-Rc potentially targets and modulates MAPK14 activity to suppress inflammation. Experimental validation showed that Ginsenoside-Rc treatment, combined with MAPK14 silencing, significantly alters MAPK14 expression and mitigates neuroinflammatory damage, evidenced by reduced microglial cell death, inflammatory factor secretion, and ROS production. Ginsenoside-Rc's modulation of MAPK14 offers a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing neuroinflammation and potentially improving cognitive recovery post-ischemic stroke. This supports the therapeutic application of the traditional Chinese medicine Sanqi in ischemic stroke care, providing a theoretical and experimental foundation for its use. Future work will focus on extending these findings through clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginsenoside-Rc in human subjects, aiming to translate these promising preclinical results into practical therapeutic interventions for ischemic stroke recovery.

Based on the Advantages of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, the Multiple Exploration of the Correlation between the Meridians and the Circulatory System of the Nervous System

The meridians, nervous system, and circulatory system are important components of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. The meridians have a high degree of consistency with the distribution of the nervous and circulatory systems in modern medicine, and are closely related in the process of disease treatment. Therefore, people often confuse the three. Based on the great advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of nervous system and circulatory system diseases, the author has made diversified exploration on its rele⁃ vance in terms of origin, physiological anatomy, physiological function and clinical application. It is believed that meridians have their relative independence, and the nervous and circulatory systems cannot completely replace meridians. However, meridians are closely related to the nervous and circulatory systems, and in clinical practice, meridians can be combined with the nervous and circulatory systems to guide the treatment of diseases.

Identifying the mechanism of polysaccharopeptide against breast cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental verification

Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) is a potential active component in traditional Chinese medicine because of its anticancer effects on a variety of cancer cells and as immune enhancers of the immune system. Previous studies on the role of PSP in breast cancer have been limited, and the mechanism has not been clarified. This study is based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to predict the possible target of PSP treatment of breast cancer, and use experiments to verify the effect and mechanism of PSP on breast cancer. In this study, 287 PSP targets were obtained using SwissTargetPrediction database and PharmMapper database, and 183 breast cancer targets were obtained using DisGenNET database. By intersections of PSP targets and breast cancer targets, a total of 10 intersections were obtained. GO functional enrichment, KEGG pathway enrichment and molecular docking of these 10 target genes were performed to obtain the potential targets of PSP on breast cancer. In vitro experiments, we found that PSP significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, SUM-159 and MCF-7. Western Blot results showed that PSP could down-regulate the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins. Similarly, the results of in vivo experiments showed that PSP can directly inhibit the tumor of MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice, and the mechanism of action is mainly to inhibit the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. The above results were consistent with the results of network pharmacology, which provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of PSP in breast cancer patients.