Space Complex Research Articles

UNOF 2.0: A Blockchain-Enabled, AI-Driven, and IoT-Optimized Unified Network Optimization Framework for Maximizing Network Flow and Cost Efficiency

Network flow theory encompasses maximal flow problem as a pivotal optimization paradigm, characterized by its broad and diverse range of applications. Existing methodologies for finding maximum flow suffer from limitations including high time and space complexity, complex implementation and performance variability. Additionally, they may require non-trivial setup, handle edge cases sub optimally, and incur significant overhead. The current frameworks for network optimization find it difficult to handle the dynamic complexity of contemporary network settings. Scalability, real-world applicability, and flexibility in response to shifting network conditions are lacking in the current approaches. Network-wide comprehensive maximum flow determination requires a unified framework that integrates optimization approaches. This evolving study offers a new method for deciding the maximum flow between a network’s starting and ending points, utilizing the fundamentals of maximum flow theory. In addition, our presented technique is strengthened with blockchain-enabled secure and diaphanous data management, AI-driven predictive analytics for enhanced network flow, and IoT-upgraded real-time data processing and network transformation. This approach performs excellently with minimum repetitions, improving its efficiency. This investigation gives a Python-based solution to the maximum flow problem, employing the NumPy, NetworkX and matplotlib libraries.

Field investigation of grout propagation within a caving mass under flowing water conditions in a metal mine

AbstractDue to the invisibility and complexity of the underground spaces, monitoring the propagation and filling characteristics of the grouting slurry post the water–sand mixture inrush in metal mines is challenging, which complicates engineering treatment. This research investigated the propagation law of cement‐sodium silicate slurry under flowing water conditions within the caving mass of a metal mine. First, based on borehole packer test results and borehole TV images, the fractured strata before grouting were classified into four types: cavity, hidden, fissure, and complete. Second, an orthogonal experimental design was employed to evaluate the impact of four key factors—stratigraphic fragmentation, water flow rate, grouting flow rate, and water‐cement ratio—on the efficacy of grouting within a caving mass at the site. The results indicate that the factors influencing grouting efficacy are ranked in the following order of importance: stratigraphic fragmentation > water flow rate > water–cement ratio > grouting flow rate. Ultimately, five propagation filling modes—pure slurry, big crack, small crack, small karst pore, and pore penetration—were identified by examining the propagation filling characteristics of slurry in rock samples, incorporating microscopic material structure analysis through scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into selecting engineering treatment parameters and methodologies, serving as a reference for preventing and controlling water–sand mixture inrush in metal mines, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy and ensuring grouting success.

Where is communication breaking down? Narrative tensions in obesity-in-pregnancy clinical encounters.

There are numerous biomedical and psychosocial challenges associated with obesity in pregnancy that impede communication between healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients. We conducted a narrative study informed by stigma theory to understand specific areas of communication breakdown in obesity-in-pregnancy clinical encounters. Sixteen patients and 19 HCPs participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews. We explored how participants positioned obesity-in-pregnancy clinical encounters within their broader narratives. Employing narrative analysis, we identified five narrative tensions contributing to communication challenges: 1) obesity as a detriment to health versus an acceptable biologic variation; 2) obesity as the result of personal choice versus the result of uncontrollable circumstances; 3) a regular pregnancy versus a high-risk diagnosis; 4) a typical and problem-free clinical encounter versus a tremendously difficult clinical encounter; and 5) talking openly about Body Mass Index (BMI) and related co-morbidities versus sidestepping the topic. How participants positioned themselves relative to prevailing societal discourses regarding obesity in general influenced these tensions. These narrative tensions revealed specific areas where communication is vulnerable to breaking down during the obesity-in-pregnancy clinical encounter. Participants' (both HCPs and patients) past experiences of clinical encounters-and the meanings they ascribe to them-shape subsequent encounters, and our analysis illuminates the complexities of this interactive space. This research has implications for improving clinical practice and education.

Face and cycle percolation

Abstract We consider face and cycle percolation as models for continuum percolation based on random simplicial complexes in Euclidean space. More precisely, we consider the Vietoris–Rips with connection radius 1, with respect to Euclidean norm, on a stationary Poisson process in $${\mathbb {R}}^D$$ R D of intensity $$\lambda $$ λ . Face percolation is defined through infinite sequences of d-simplices sharing a $$(d-1)$$ ( d - 1 ) -dimensional face. In contrast, cycle percolation demands the existence of infinite d-cycles, thereby generalizing the lattice notion of plaquette percolation. We discuss the sharp phase transition for face percolation and derive comparison results between the critical intensities for face and cycle percolation. Finally, we consider an alternate version of simplex percolation, by declaring simplices to be neighbors whenever they are sufficiently close to each other, and prove a strict inequality involving the critical intensity of this alternate version and that of face percolation.

Dual boundary complexes of Betti moduli spaces over the two-sphere with one irregular singularity

Dual boundary complexes of Betti moduli spaces over the two-sphere with one irregular singularity

Ciara Greene on the quirks and complexities of human episodic memory

Ciara Greene on the quirks and complexities of human episodic memory

Tailoring Molecular Space to Navigate Phase Complexity in Cs‐Based Quasi‐2D Perovskites via Gated‐Gaussian‐Driven High‐Throughput Discovery

AbstractCesium‐based quasi‐2D halide perovskites (HPs) offer promising functionalities and low‐temperature manufacturability, suited to stable tandem photovoltaics. However, the chemical interplays between the molecular spacers and the inorganic building blocks during crystallization cause substantial phase complexities in the resulting matrices. To successfully optimize and implement the quasi‐2D HP functionalities, a systematic understanding of spacer chemistry, along with the seamless navigation of the inherently discrete molecular space, is necessary. Herein, by utilizing high‐throughput automated experimentation, the phase complexities in the molecular space of quasi‐2D HPs are explored, thus identifying the chemical roles of the spacer cations on the synthesis and functionalities of the complex materials. Furthermore, a novel active machine learning algorithm leveraging a two‐stage decision‐making process, called gated Gaussian process Bayesian optimization is introduced, to navigate the discrete ternary chemical space defined with two distinctive spacer molecules. Through simultaneous optimization of photoluminescence intensity and stability that “tailors” the chemistry in the molecular space, a ternary‐compositional quasi‐2D HP film realizing excellent optoelectronic functionalities is demonstrated. This work not only provides a pathway for the rational and bespoke design of complex HP materials but also sets the stage for accelerated materials discovery in other multifunctional systems.

THE POWER OF PLACE: PSYCHOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, AND COMMUNITY MEMORY IN IRELAND’S MAGDALENE LAUNDRIES

ABSTRACT This paper examines the complex interplay between memory, place, and the enduring impact of gendered violence in Ireland’s Magdalene Laundries. By adopting a transdisciplinary sites-of-conscience approach that integrates psychology, geography, and community memory, this study explores the relationship between survivors, place, and culture, considering the spatial and societal contexts that shaped their lives. Central to this research is survivor narrative and testimony, which offer invaluable insights into the lived experiences within these institutions. Woven through this discussion, Maureen’s story serves as a poignant illustration of how place and site informed her lived experience in the laundries, and her place-based memories many decades later. By centering Maureen’s voice and exploring the spatial dimensions of her story, this paper aims to challenge dominant narratives and honor the resilience of survivors. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Magdalene Laundries as sites of historical injustice and to explore their potential as sites of conscience. By examining the complexities of memory, place, and trauma, this paper seeks to inform future efforts to address the enduring legacies of gendered violence and to create a more just society.

Cup products and the higher topological complexity of configuration spaces of the circle with two anchored points

Cup products and the higher topological complexity of configuration spaces of the circle with two anchored points

Sequential topological complexity of aspherical spaces and sectional categories of subgroup inclusions

We generalize results from topological robotics on the topological complexity (TC) of aspherical spaces to sectional categories of fibrations inducing subgroup inclusions on the level of fundamental groups. In doing so, we establish new lower bounds on sequential TCs of aspherical spaces as well as the parametrized TC of epimorphisms. Moreover, we generalize the Costa–Farber canonical class for TC to classes for sequential TCs and explore their properties. We combine them with the results on sequential TCs of aspherical spaces to obtain results on spaces that are not necessarily aspherical.

Spatial and temporal correlation between green space landscape pattern and carbon emission—Three major coastal urban agglomerations in China

Spatial and temporal correlation between green space landscape pattern and carbon emission—Three major coastal urban agglomerations in China

The Construction of Female Anti-Hero Identities Analyzing the Gender Roles of Eve and Villanelle in Killing Eve

This paper explores the groundbreaking portrayal of female anti-heroes in Killing Eve through an analysis of the gender roles and moral complexities of its central characters, Eve Polastri and Villanelle. The series dismantles traditional archetypes of femininity, replacing them with dynamic, morally ambiguous identities that challenge societal norms and narrative conventions. Eve’s transformation from an unassuming intelligence officer to an ethically flexible anti-heroine parallels Villanelle’s unapologetic embrace of power and chaos, creating a multifaceted narrative that redefines the anti-hero archetype. Their relationship, marked by obsession, attraction, and mutual recognition, transcends conventional tropes, offering a nuanced exploration of identity, power, and agency. By refusing to impose judgment on its characters, Killing Eve elevates female representation, allowing its protagonists to inhabit spaces of complexity and contradiction. This paper argues that the series not only expands the possibilities for female narratives but also disrupts traditional gendered associations with morality, power, and storytelling.

New curvature characterizations for spherical space forms and complex projective spaces

In this paper, we introduce a new positivity notion for curvature of Riemannian manifolds and obtain characterizations for spherical space forms and the complex projective space C P n \mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}^n .

Kinematics and dynamics characteristics of a double-ring truss deployable antenna mechanism based on triangular prism deployable unit

Kinematics and dynamics characteristics of a double-ring truss deployable antenna mechanism based on triangular prism deployable unit

Computational Complexity of Minimal Trap Spaces in Boolean Networks

Computational Complexity of Minimal Trap Spaces in Boolean Networks

Noise hindering sound complexity in urban environments: Towards a novel evaluation criterion for urban sustainability

Urban environments are complex adaptive systems, wherein changes in one area can lead to unforeseen consequences in others. Environmental noise emerges as a multifaced issue influencing various receivers across different spatial and temporal scales. The perception of noise as a high-intensity or unwanted sound has defined the concept of quietness accordingly overlooking sustainability co-benefits. This study proposes an alternative evaluation criterion for urban planning and design, focusing on the sound complexity of public spaces that are vulnerable to environmental noise fluctuations. To determine the sensitivity of sound complexity to environmental noise, sound level measurements and sound recordings were conducted along the waterfront of a Mediterranean metropolis during the pandemic lockdowns (April 2021). Additionally, the bird dawn chorus phenomenon was studied. The analysis of collected data revealed an inverse relationship between complexity and noise, highlighting an additional impact on the urban sound environment. The promotion of sound complexity as a strategy for livable and sustainable cities can guide urban planners and designers in developing quiet and ecologically resilient urban environments.

The Power of Monuments. From Social Unrest to Urban Violence (2020–2023) | O Poder dos Monumentos: Da Agitação Social à Violência Urbana (2020–2023)

This paper examines the complexities of heritage, memory, and monumentality in public spaces, highlighting the dynamic interplay of top-down and bottom-up processes, competing narratives, and the shaping of collective identity. It argues that excluding communities from shaping commemorative landscapes often leads to conflict, with monuments becoming contentious and vandalized. Conversely, unilateral decisions by political elites can deepen social divides. The paper concludes by stressing the need for collaborative, participatory approaches to creating inclusive and democratic public memory.

Patient´s perception of spatial complexity in emergency spaces of a hospital in China: a method for stakeholders to improve design and management

ABSTRACT The focus of medical facility users has shifted from prioritizing epidemic prevention to prioritizing experience after COVID-19, particularly in the emergency department (ED) of a large-scale Chinese hospital. The current visual elements of the emergency department provide a negative perception to the patients who visit the department. The study aims to optimize the ED's spatial design by understanding how visual elements affect patients' perception of spatial complexity. The methodology involved recreating a patient's typical path through the ED using data from the hospital information system (HIS), capturing images at 70 location nodes, and calculating the fractal dimensions of these images using the box-counting method. Visual elements were categorized into eight groups, and their fractal dimensions and proportions within the images were analyzed. A breakpoint graph was developed to track changes in spatial complexity perception as patients move through the ED. Statistical analysis, including correlation and one-way ANOVA, revealed that spatial attributes and lighting conditions significantly impact spatial complexity. From the results, grouping analysis was conducted on the visual elements of the horizontal surfaces, vertical surfaces, ceiling, furniture, and vegetation. Further optimization was proposed. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of visual elements in emergency spaces, directly influencing users' perception of spatial complexity. The relationship between spatial complexity and fractal dimension is further emphasized. Stakeholders and designers can use the findings of this study as references to make informed decisions to improve the user's experience in the healthcare-built environment.

Ice age-driven range shifts of diploids and expanding autotetraploids of Biscutella laevigata within a conserved niche.

Early studies of the textbook mixed-ploidy system Biscutella laevigata highlighted diploids restricted to never-glaciated lowlands and tetraploids at high elevations across the European Alps, promoting the hypothesis that whole-genome duplication (WGD) is advantageous under environmental changes. Here we addressed long-held hypotheses on the role of hybridisation at the origin of the tetraploids, their single vs multiple origins, and whether a shift in climatic niche accompanied WGD. Climatic niche modelling together with spatial genetics and coalescent modelling based on ddRAD-seq genotyping of 17 diploid and 19 tetraploid populations was used to revisit the evolution of this species complex in space and time. Diploids differentiated into four genetic lineages corresponding to allopatric glacial refugia at the onset of the last ice age, whereas tetraploids displaying tetrasomic inheritance formed a uniform group that originated from southern diploids before the last glacial maximum. Derived from diploids occurring at high elevation, autotetraploids likely inherited their adaptation to high elevation rather than having evolved it through or after WGD. They further presented considerable postglacial expansion across the Alps and underwent admixture with diploids. Although the underpinnings of the successful expansion of autotetraploids remain elusive, differentiation in B. laevigata was chiefly driven by the glacial history of the Alps.

Optimising outbound scheduling in shipyard steel stockyard

ABSTRACT In shipyard operations, steel stockyards manage the intake, storage and distribution of raw materials. However, the inherent customisation of steel plates presents challenges such as inefficient outbound scheduling and elevated energy consumption. To address these issues, this study introduces a novel outbound scheduling model that comprehensively considers manufacturing orders and the current warehouse status during the outbound process. To solve this model, an improved ant colony optimisation algorithm, based on an energy consumption selection strategy (ECS-IACO), is proposed. The algorithm adopts a dynamic pheromone matrix and updates rules to address the complexity of high-dimensional state spaces. The energy consumption selection strategy is integrated into initialisation and state transitions, guiding and decisions throughout. Extensive numerical tests show that the ECS-IACO is robust and highly efficient in solving problems. In real-world scenarios tests, the ECS-IACO reduced energy use by up to 22% more than other algorithms, supporting sustainability efforts in business operations.