Organizational Complexity Research Articles

PRINCIPLES FOR LEADING REFORMS AND POLICY CHANGE IN EDUCATION SYSTEMS (The Israeli case)

The increasing processes of globalization and competitiveness, and the increasing complexity of organizations and the goals they promote, make changes necessary in the last decades to adapt the public systems to internal and external changes. Therefore, promoting organizational changes and performing change moves are the main part of modern organizational activity, policy, and leading reforms, and considerable resources are allocated for them. This article presents and analyses various innovative opinions and perspectives of approaches to educational policy and focus on principles for implementing educational policy reforms in the countries. this analysis is made through a critical literature review, which analyzes professional literature based on empirical research in education, national policy approaches, and organization management. The analyses mainly present pragmatic aspects that influence on a day-to-day basis strategy characteristic from a macro and micro point of view in educational policy management. The global McKinsey report (from 2018) is deeply reviewed and so are the sources from the OECD international library. This expanded mix is integrated with the researcher's approach and accumulated experience, which will be reflected in an interdisciplinary analysis of the proposed reform, emphasizing the Israeli case. The summarizing part includes a comparative discussion, divided into conclusions between the McKinsey report conclusions and the required operation for implementation in Israel and a final summary

Building towards organisational resilience and complexity leadership: a case study of impacts and changes in a Dutch blood establishment during COVID-19

ObjectivesThis study examined how one large blood-related establishment coped and adapted during the first 1.5 years of the pandemic by evaluating the impacts and changes on its resources, communication, collaborations,...

Impact of the spatial structure of alkyl chains on properties of thiophene-substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles: Part II – Spectroscopic study

The study concerns the impact of a difference in geometry of the side alkyl chains of oligothiophene derivatives of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) on their spectroscopic properties and aggregation in solutions, in Langmuir layers, and thin films. Using a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches, this study aims to explain the aggregating behaviour of thiophene-substituted DPP derivatives. Various methods were used to characterise the dyes, including absorption spectroscopy also with polarized light, fluorescence spectroscopy, Langmuir techniques, and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The presented results emphasise a significant impact of side alkyl chains on DPP's molecular behaviour, notably evident in thin-layer structures. Interestingly, the deconvolution of the absorption spectra revealed three bands in the red region. Insightful analysis of temperature-dependent absorption, excitation, and emission fluorescence spectra indicates the co-existence of monomer, dimer, and a higher aggregate forms, most likely a tetrameric structures. Moreover, such a complexity of molecular organisation of dyes appears already in the solution. Differences in spectral properties of the dyes studied are robustly visible in changes in the spectra of the air–water interface, where the dye with the branched side group changes the mutual orientation in dimeric structures, leading to the formation of H-type aggregates, which was observed as an almost 20-nm spectral blue shift during Langmuir layer compression. The results presented highlight the need for care in interpretation of the intensity ratio of DPP spectra and spectral shift as the sole determinants of the aggregation state.

Pursuing sustainable performance in healthcare organizations: a sustainable business model perspective

PurposeThis paper explores the use of Dynamic Business Modeling for Sustainability (DBMfS) in healthcare management settings as a holistic approach to integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions into the business formula of these complex organizations.Design/methodology/approachAfter framing sustainable value in healthcare in terms of organizational complexity, wicked problems, and emerging managerial challenges, the paper proposes and illustrates the DBMfS approach that adopts a systemic view of sustainable value in healthcare. According to a qualitative perspective, a single-case study of a maternity-related healthcare treatment is also described to explore the implications and limitations of using this approach to sustainable business modeling in healthcare organizations.FindingsFindings show that, by embracing sustainability through DBMfS, healthcare organizations can improve operational efficiency, reduce waste (like energy, water, and medical supplies), and enhance cost-effectiveness, thus contributing significantly to societal well-being.Originality/valueIn recent years, the healthcare sector has faced numerous challenges and wicked problems, including escalating costs, resource constraints, and growing environmental concerns. As a result, the concept of sustainability has gained significant attention, thus calling scholars and practitioners to develop methods and tools able to integrate it into strategic management systems of healthcare organizations. By proposing the adoption of DBMfS in the healthcare sector, this paper contributes to feeding up the current debate.

Konsep Dan Penerapan Sistem Informasi Manajemen

The purpose of writing this article is to find out the concepts, benefits, applications and challenges experienced in Information Management Systems. Management Information System (MIS) is a very important and strategic system in the modern digital era. This system functions as the main means of collecting, processing and presenting relevant and accurate information to management, so that it can assist in making better decisions. In this article, researchers use the literature study research method to analyze data by describing data that has been collected from various sources such as books, journals, articles, research reports, and other sources that are relevant to the topic being studied. Through a literature study, this research explores the definition and main benefits of MIS, which is a combination of human resources, information technology, and procedures to produce quality information for decision making. Effective implementation of MIS can provide a competitive advantage for organizations in increasing productivity, efficiency and competitiveness. However, SIM implementation also faces various challenges, such as system integration, data security, data quality, user resistance, investment costs, rapid technological changes, and organizational complexity. This research contributes to providing a comprehensive understanding ofManagement Information Systems, as well as highlighting the importance of utilizing information as a strategic asset for organizations in achieving their business goals

Languaging Ethics in Technology Practice

Ethics as embodied by technology practitioners resists simple definition—particularly as it relates to the interplay of identity, organizational, and professional complexity. In this article, we use the linguistic notion of languaging as an analytic lens to describe how technology and design practitioners negotiate their conception of ethics as they reflect upon their everyday work. We engaged 12 practitioners in individual co-creation workshops, encouraging them to reflect on their ethical role in their everyday work through a series of generative and evaluative activities. We analyzed these data to identify how each practitioner reasoned about ethics through language and artifacts, finding that practitioners used a range of rhetorical tropes to describe their ethical commitments and beliefs in ways that were complex and sometimes contradictory. Across three cases, we describe how ethics was negotiated through language across three key zones of ecological emergence: the practitioners’ “core” beliefs about ethics, internal and external ecological elements that shaped or mediated these core beliefs, and the ultimate boundaries they reported refusing to cross. Building on these findings, we describe how the languaging of ethics reveals opportunities to definitionally and practically engage with ethics in technology ethics research, practice, and education.

The Functionality of Global Quality Management in the Dynamic and Global Environment of Mergers, Acquisitions, and Strategic Partnerships - Adoption of a Systematic Process Concept

<i>Purpose: </i>To explore the functionality of the quality management processes at the global level and understand its complexity and multiple dimensions. <i>Design/methodology/approach: </i>The researchers use a novel systems perspective to explore international standards ISO 9001/9004 capacity to encompass this complexity and analyze the stages by which global multinational organizations develop. In-depth interviews with experts (CEOs, quality managers, and global managers) from 18 international firms were some of the qualitative methods used in the research, along with content analysis, observations, and other methods. The study addresses the philosophy of global quality management and emphasizes the need for inter-organizational coordination and process management. <i>Findings: </i>The results of the qualitative tools showed that the existing definitions in ISO 9004/9001 have made it challenging to address the level of process complexity in international organizations. The main recommendations of the study are the following key points for expanding and refining the existing process concept for a global reality: 1) adopting a systems approach for analyzing the development of a global quality function in complex, multinational companies. 2) extending the classic process approach to open, multi-interface systems oriented towards mutual strategic, operational, and marketing processes.<i> Originality/value: </i>In this article, we suggest an innovative, integrated systems approach to multinational quality management based on shifting from the traditional emphasis on separate operations and manufacturing sites toward a comprehensive perspective that considers the interdependence and coordination among locations. This novel analysis and mapping process offers a comprehensive view of coordinating interdependence between elements comprising an international global process system. It expands the ‎classical approach and provides a basis for ‎developing a global, networked QMS. The current study might be useful for organizations that implement quality management systems in multinational companies. The study is part of vast academic research on international strategy in the global competitive landscape.

The influence of leadership on organizational adaptability

Aim. To identify how leadership, strategy, technology, and organizational structure complexity influence organizational adaptability and what is the role of leadership in this process.Objectives. On the basis of dynamic capabilities theory to study adaptive processes of modern organization; to investigate the influence of innovation, strategy and complexity of organiza­tional structure on organizational adaptability processes; to show the influence of leadership on adaptive processes.Methods. The article is based on a sociological study, which was carried out on the basis of online surveys of 245 respondents. Structural modeling was used to test the hypotheses.Results. The study revealed that strategy and technology influence the level of adaptability of the organization, and leadership, mediating the influence of strategy, technology and complex organizational structure, simplifies the processes of adaptation of the organization. Due to the influence of leadership, the complexity of organizational structure does not hinder adaptive processes. Organizational adaptability using leadership is effective in organizations where intel­lectual capital exists.Conclusions. Strategic leadership techniques promote organizational adaptability. The leader uses a leadership style that aligns tasks and focuses on relationship approaches that lead to adaptive change in the organization.

Understanding and prioritising cyberattack paths amid growing organisational complexity

This paper explores the role of attack path modelling (APM) in modern cyber security, addressing the challenges posed by the rapidly evolving digital landscape. It provides a comprehensive overview of APM frameworks and their application in identifying and prioritising potential attack paths. The challenges associated with manual APM efforts, the need for standardisation and the potential for innovation in automated APM tools are examined throughout. Drawing from real-world examples, the paper demonstrates the practical implications of APM in dissecting attack components and mitigating risks. It emphasises the dual approach of human-led APM initiatives and the integration of APM functionality in technical solutions, advocating for improved hygiene with manual and periodic APM assessments that can be optimised with advanced SecOps APM tooling. The paper serves as a general resource for all cyber security practitioners, providing insights into the historical context, frameworks and practical challenges of APM. The paper describes the significance of human-led APM initiatives, using open frameworks to enhance cyber security posture. Furthermore, the paper explores the evolving landscape of APM tools, anticipating their integration with big data platforms and artificial intelligence (AI) for comprehensive security analyses. This paper presents insights into the current state of cyber security, the practical applications of APM frameworks, and the potential future developments in APM technology.

Is greater connectivity of financial and non-financial information in annual reports valued by market participants?

The establishment of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), and the endorsement by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) foundation of the principles underlying the Integrated Reporting (IR) Framework, attest to a regulatory intent to develop a disclosure framework better connecting sustainability-related financial disclosures with financial disclosures. Strategic Reporting (SR), effective in the United Kingdom (U.K.) since 2013, is a prime example of such a framework. Utilizing proprietary data from PwC U.K., we find higher SR disclosure quality is associated with higher liquidity, lower cost of capital, and more accurate, less dispersed analysts’ forecasts. We then hypothesize and compare these impacts with the capital market effects of disclosure quality under the reporting framework preceding SR. We find that the effects of higher liquidity and lower cost of capital are more pronounced under SR, suggesting that SR, as a mandated, more connected reporting framework, enables more effective capital market communication. We also find that the incremental capital market benefits are more significant for entities with higher exposure to the change, better sustainability performance and higher organizational complexity. For regulators and standard setters, these findings indicate that their emphasis on greater connectivity of financial and non-financial information is valued by market participants.

Spatial Patterning Analysis of Cellular Ensembles (SPACE) discovers complex spatial organization at the cell and tissue levels.

Spatial patterns of cells and other biological elements drive both physiologic and pathologic processes within tissues. While many imaging and transcriptomic methods document tissue organization, discerning these patterns is challenging, especially when they involve multiple elements in complex arrangements. To address this challenge, we present Spatial Patterning Analysis of Cellular Ensembles (SPACE), an R package for analysis of high-plex spatial data. SPACE is compatible with any data collection modality that records values (i.e., categorical cell/structure types or quantitative expression levels) at fixed spatial coordinates (i.e., 2d pixels or 3d voxels). SPACE detects not only broad patterns of co-occurrence but also context-dependent associations, quantitative gradients and orientations, and other organizational complexities. Via a robust information theoretic framework, SPACE explores all possible ensembles of tissue elements - single elements, pairs, triplets, and so on - and ranks the most strongly patterned ensembles. For single images, rankings reflect patterns that differ from random assortment. For sets of images, rankings reflect patterns that differ across sample groups (e.g., genotypes, treatments, timepoints, etc.). Further tools then thoroughly characterize the nature of each pattern for intuitive interpretation. We validate SPACE and demonstrate its advantages using murine lymph node images for which ground truth has been defined. We then use SPACE to detect new patterns across varied datasets, including tumors and tuberculosis granulomas.

Проблематика характера взаимной связи налогов и специальных налоговых режимов: к вопросу определения правовой природы и сущности

The need to improve existing and develop new special tax regimes determines the need to study the issues of the legal nature and essence of such, their correlation and (or) connection with other tax and legal phenomena (primarily taxes). The aim of this article is to determine the nature of the mutual relationship between taxes and special tax regimes (including addressing the issue of the correctness and scientific permissibility of direct comparison of general, special, and preferential tax regimes). The research was conducted relying on the formal-legal method supplemented by the systemic method. The lack of unified normative and doctrinal positions highlights the pressing need for further scholarly inquiry into this subject matter. Moreover, the author’s assertion regarding the inadmissibility of equating taxes and special tax regimes is compellingly substantiated, emphasizing the distinctiveness of the latter as a tax and legal phenomenon of higher organizational complexity. Special tax regimes, as elucidated, transcend mere tax obligations or mandatory payments, warranting careful consideration and refinement in future tax policy and legal frameworks. This nuanced understanding is essential for fostering effective governance and equitable taxation practices in modern societies.

Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework Approach

This study used a technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework as the primary analytical tool to explore the burgeoning capabilities of blockchain technology in the area of 5G ceramic antenna development. A causal loop diagram (CLD) analysis is used to further clarify the complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms, and the impact of blockchain on the design, production, and deployment phases of ceramic antennas, which play a pivotal role in the development of 5G communications, is studied. We found that blockchain’s unique features, including its immutable ledger and decentralized architecture, have the potential to significantly improve the transparency, security, and efficiency of the ceramic antenna manufacturing process. Technology (T), organization (O), and environment (E) were used as the top factors, and the subfactors of TOE were selected and analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by CLD. The AHP analysis was used to evaluate the relative importance of various internal and external factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology. The integration of the TOE framework with AHP and CLD provides a comprehensive analytical tool that enhances the understanding of the complex dynamics in the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing process. This methodological approach not only clarifies the interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors but also facilitates strategic decision-making through a structured evaluation of these factors. The AHP analysis showed that technical factors are the most important in the TOE analysis of 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing, with a weight of 0.427, which indicates the important role of technical factors in the development of ceramic antenna production. In addition, environmental and organizational factors were given weights of 0.302 and 0.271, respectively, confirming the importance of technological innovation and internal process optimization. In the subfactor of Technology (T), ‘Blockchain Technology’ has the highest ranking among the subfactors, with a global weight value of 0.129, emphasizing the importance of blockchain technology. This study explored the technical and organizational complexities of introducing blockchain technology into the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing industry and, through an in-depth investigation of the potential benefits of such integration, it aims to propose new approaches to improve quality control and manufacturing efficiency. The research findings aim to contribute to the sustainable growth of the telecommunications industry by providing strategic recommendations for the application of blockchain technology in the production of 5G ceramic antennas.

The Integration of Virtual Development into the Organizational Complexity of Healthcare

The development of the computer system in a hospital environment improves patients’ quality of life and allows healthcare management to evolve into the greatest virtual and functional techniques. Considering state-of-the-art devices as an aid in various highly complex surgical procedures, this gives society confidence in the services available, with continuous and rehabilitation treatments being the ones that have a greater number of technological devices helping in their favor. The contextualization aims to analyse that the inclusion of digitalization linked to virtual realities with different aspects and robotics helps to reduce hospitalization time. Methodologically, a bibliographic review was used, recommending the topic with articles that reference clinically successful research, and a Capes database was used in the search for the retrospective review. It is considered that the production describes the quality and reliability of virtual techniques and the scope of health improvement, which thus corroborates the benefits of organizational understanding in economic and care terms.

Factors driving differences in the adoption of quality management practices among hospitals: A two-phase, sequential mixed-methods analysis.

Although all hospitals aim to deliver high-quality care, there is considerable variation in their adoption of quality management (QM) practices. Organizational and environmental factors are known to drive strategic decision-making in hospitals, but their impact on the adoption of QM practices remains unclear. Our study aims to identify multiple organizational and environmental factors that explain variation in the adoption of QM practices among hospitals and to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships. We conducted a two-phase, sequential mixed-methods study of German acute care hospitals. The quantitative phase used between-effects regressions to identify factors explaining variation in the number of QM practices adopted by hospitals from 2015 to 2019. The qualitative phase used semistructured interviews with quality managers to gain in-depth insights. The number of QM practices adopted by a hospital was significantly associated with factors like hospital size and the presence of an emergency department or QM steering committee. Our qualitative findings highlighted potential mechanisms such as the presence of an emergency department serving as a proxy for organizational complexity or urgency of case-mix. We provide an overview of factors driving QM adoption in hospitals, extending beyond the focus on single factors in previous research. Future studies could explore additional factors highlighted by our interviewees. Our results can inform interventions to strengthen QM in hospitals and guide future research on this topic.

IDENTIFYING BARRIERS IN PUBLIC SECTOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: A CASE STUDY IN INDONESIA CITY OFFICE FOR POPULATION ADMINISTRATION AND CIVIL REGISTRATION (COPACR) CONTEXT

Purpose: This paper presents a case study of the Surabaya City Office for Population Administration and Civil Registration (COPACR), which is currently undergoing digitization and digital transformation across all its civil registration service lines. This research identifies internal and external barriers relevant to digital transformation in the context of Surabaya COPACR. Theoretical Framework: This study combines qualitative and quantitative methods to identify internal and external barriers relevant to the implementation of digital transformation in the COPACR sector. The barriers are validated through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice tools. Priority barriers are determined based on the highest relevance weight values from the perspectives of Top Management and Field Officers. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research adopts an action research methodology, leveraging the researcher's position within the system to directly intervene and facilitate change. A mixed-method approach is employed, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Twenty literature sources are utilized to identify internal and external barriers within public sectors to adopt digital transformation. A total of 63 barriers (33 internal and 30 external) are categorized and their relevance tested through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Barrier priorities are selected using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and expert choice tools. Findings: The Surabaya COPACR in developing countries exhibits characteristics such as low employee motivation, inadequate officer competency, rigid bureaucratic structures, and limited innovation. With these conditions, the internal priorities for adopting digital transformation in Surabaya COPACR include lack of political support, traditional bureaucracy, organizational complexity, and lack of competency. External barriers include inflexible regulations, bureaucracy, lack of data standardization, and inadequate funding allocation. Research, Practical & Social Implications: This research contributes theoretical insights into internal and external priority barriers that need to be considered to adopt digital transformation in the COPACR context of developing countries. The identified barriers can serve as references for public sectors with similar organizational characteristics in developing countries to design strategies for adopting digital transformation effectively. Originality/Value: This study identifies internal and external barriers to digital transformation in the Surabaya COPACR context, involving assessments from both strategic (Top Management) and technical (Field Officer) perspectives.

"FREED instils a bit of hope in the eating disorder community… that things can change.": an investigation of clinician views on implementation facilitators and challenges from the rapid scaling of the First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders programme.

First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) is the leading eating disorder (ED) early intervention model for young people. Research has shown that it reduces the duration of untreated illness, improves clinical outcomes, and has cost savings. However, less is known about the experience of implementing FREED. This study aimed to investigate the views and experiences of adopting, implementing, and sustaining FREED from the perspective of clinical staff. Seven focus groups were conducted involving 26 clinicians. Thematic analysis was used, with the Non-Adoption, Abandonment and Challenges to Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability (The NASSS framework) framework being applied to organise subthemes and determine facilitators and barriers. The NASSS framework was also used to rate the complexity of themes as either simple (straightforward, predictable, few components), complicated (multiple interrelating components), or complex (dynamic, unpredictable, not easily divisible into constituent components). There were 16 subthemes identified under seven broader themes representing each domain of the NASSS framework. Key barriers and areas of complexity included factors related to EDs as an illness (e.g., high acuity and prevalence), and organisational complexity (e.g., staffing shortages, lack of managerial/team support). Key facilitators included positive clinician/adopter attitudes, a supportive national network, and the ability for FREED to be flexible/adaptable over time. The FREED model appears to be desirable to clinical staff. Wider team and managerial support was perceived to be particularly important to its successful implementation, as were the national network and supervision. Key areas of complexity include staffing issues and high ED acuity/prevalence. These barriers to implementation need to be managed and investment continued to expand and improve early intervention for EDs further.

The Influence of Leadership in Audit Teams on Audit Effectiveness

The research investigates the influence of leadership within audit teams on audit effectiveness, aiming to understand the dynamics between leadership styles and contextual factors in shaping audit outcomes. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, data is collected through surveys administered to audit professionals across various industries. Leadership styles, including transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire approaches, are assessed alongside contextual factors such as organizational culture, audit complexity, and team composition. Results reveal that transformational leadership positively correlates with audit quality and team performance, while transactional and laissez-faire leadership exhibit varying effects. Organizational culture, particularly ethical leadership practices, significantly influences audit effectiveness, fostering trust, accountability, and adherence to professional standards. Audit complexity moderates the relationship between leadership and audit effectiveness, highlighting the importance of adaptability and strategic acumen in guiding audit teams through complex engagements. Moreover, team composition, specifically diversity, impacts leadership dynamics and team performance, emphasizing the need for inclusive leadership practices. Overall, the study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the role of leadership in audit effectiveness, providing insights for audit firms and organizations to optimize leadership practices and enhance audit outcomes.

Diversity Management Strategies: Perspectives from Multinational Corporation

This study aims to investigate diversity management strategies within Multinational Corporations (MNCs). Through in-depth interviews and analysis, study examines the strategies utilized by MNC to promote diversity and inclusion in their workplaces. The research identifies key themes and challenges encountered in implementing diversity initiatives, shedding light on the nuanced strategies utilized by corporations to navigate cultural, demographic, and organizational complexities. The finding emphasize the importance of customized diversity initiatives that are in tune with local contexts while also aligning with global corporate goals. Additionally, the study underscores the pivotal role of leadership commitment, organizational culture, and employee engagement in driving effective diversity management practices. In conclusion, this study enriches the comprehension of diversity management within MNCs, providing valuable insights for both practitioners and scholars to improve diversity efforts and cultivate inclusive work environments.

Human performance and automated operations: a regulatory perspective

Increased levels of digitalisation present major opportunities for efficiency in the oil and gas industry but can also contribute to new risks and vulnerabilities. Based on developments in the industry, the Norwegian Ocean Industry Authority (HAVTIL) has in recent years pursued targeted knowledge development and follow-up of company’s digitalisation initiatives. This paper explores data collected through HAVTIL’s audits of the development and use of automated systems within well operations. The analysis of the data resulted in the identification of five main topics related to the implementation of digital technologies. The five main topics were organisational complexity, follow-up and implementation of technology, analysis and documentation, user-interface and alarms and competence and training. Overall, the results support research findings within human factors and technology development, pointing out that there is a lack of focus on human factors in both development projects and in operations. In addition, this paper provides insight into how digitalisation initiatives are followed-up and explores the results from the analysis in light of the current developments in the industry.