Complex Logic Research Articles

Abnormal Event Detection of Workshop Logistics Production Management Based on RFID Technology

RFID, as one of the most important key technologies in the next generation of advanced manufacturing system, has increasingly significant advantages in the application of data collection in the manufacturing workshop, real-time tracking of the manufacturing process and product quality backtracking, etc., and is considered to be the most potential and play a huge role in the technological innovation of manufacturing informatization. In order to better study the abnormal event detection technology of workshop logistics production management based on RFID technology, this paper firstly studies the abnormal event detection method of workshop production based on RFID technology based on the analysis of RFID technology principle, data characteristics and workshop production process. Then, a formalized complex event representation method is constructed to meet the complex and changeable business logic requirements in the actual workshop production application. Then, the solution idea of extracting complex RFID events from massive RFID data using Rete algorithm based on MapReduce framework is discussed. The results show that the accuracy of detecting abnormal events increases by 18.21%, which proves the validity of the model.

Belief bias, conflict detection, and logical complexity

Belief bias, conflict detection, and logical complexity

Electrospinning‐Driven Binary Oxide Nanofiber Networks with Tunable Amorphous Microstructure for Booming Transistors and Circuits Operation

AbstractAlthough In2O3 nanofibers (NFs) are regarded as one of the active channel materials for next‐generation, low‐cost thin‐film transistors (TFTs), these NFs‐based devices still suffer from the degraded carrier mobility and operational instability, limiting the ability of such devices to replace current polycrystalline silicon technologies. Here, it is shown that nanofiber channel transistors with high electron mobility and operational stability can be achieved by selectively doping Zn element into electrospun In2O3 NFs. By precisely manipulating the doping level during NFs fabrication, their crystallinity, surface morphology, and corresponding device performance can be regulated reliably for enhanced transistor performances. It has been detected that InZnO/SiO2 TFTs with an optimized Zn doping concentration of 50% have demonstrated the high field‐effect mobility (µFE) of 6.38 cm2 V−1 s−1, the larger ION/IOFF of 4.12 × 107 and operation in the energy‐efficient enhancement‐mode. Low frequency noise (LFN) measurements have displayed that the scattering and defects inside the NFs are effectively suppressed by the particular microstructure. When integrating ALD‐derived Al2O3 films as the gate dielectric into TFTs devices, their electron mobility and ION/IOFF can be further improved to 37.82 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.92 × 108, respectively. To demonstrate the potential toward more complex logic applications, a low voltage resistor‐loaded unipolar inverter is built by using InZnO/Al2O3 TFT, exhibiting a high gain of 20.95 and full swing characteristics. These optimized parameters have demonstrated the significant advance of this electrospinning technique toward practical applications for high performance and large‐scale electronics.

Competing particle attractee in liquid bridges.

Assuming the so-called particle accumulation structures (PAS) in liquid bridges as archetypal systems for the investigation of particle self-assembly phenomena in laminar time-periodic flows, an attempt is made here to disentangle the complex hierarchy of relationships existing between the multiplicity of the loci of aggregation (streamtubes which coexist in the physical space as competing attractee) and the particle structures effectively showing up. While the former depends on purely topological (fluid-dynamic) arguments, the influential factors driving the outcomes of the fluid-particle interaction seem to obey a much more complex logic, which makes the arrangement of particles different from realization to realization. Through numerical solution of the governing Eulerian and Lagrangian equations for liquid and mass transport, we show that for a fixed aspect ratio of the liquid bridge, particles can be gradually transferred from one streamtube to another as the Stokes number and/or the Marangoni number are varied. Moreover, ranges exist where these attractors compete resulting in overlapping or intertwined particle structures, some of which, characterized by a strong degree of asymmetry, have never been reported before. This article is part of the theme issue 'New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems'.

Mapping Temporally Ordered Inputs to Binary Message Outputs with a DNA Temporal Logic Circuit.

Molecular circuits and devices with temporal signal processing capability are of great significance for the analysis of complex biological processes. Mapping temporal inputs to binary messages is a process of history-dependent signal responses, which can help understand the signal-processing behavior of organisms. Here, we propose a DNA temporal logic circuit based on DNA strand displacement reactions, which can map temporally ordered inputs to corresponding binary message outputs. The presence or absence of the output signal is determined by the type of substrate reaction with the input so that different orders of inputs correspond to different binary outputs. We demonstrate that a circuit can be generalized to more complex temporal logic circuits by increasing or decreasing the number of substrates or inputs. We also show that our circuit had excellent responsiveness to temporally ordered inputs, flexibility, and expansibility in the case of symmetrically encrypted communications. We envision that our scheme can provide some new ideas for future molecular encryption, information processing, and neural networks.

The Logic Doctrine of A.A. Zinoviev

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main provisions of A.A. Zinoviev’s logic doctrine. The author shows Zinoviev’s evolution from the traditional view of the formal logic as knowledge of the laws and regulations of correct thinking to the understanding of it as the science that deals with the aspects of natural language that make it the instrument of thinking and comprehension. According to Zinoviev, the logic singles out and abstracts in language phenomena certain structural components that form the structure of knowledge irrespective of whether this knowledge pertains to the sphere of physics, biology, history, sociology etc. The laws and regulations prescribed by it are not discovered by people, but are invented by them in the process of cognition methods perfecting. The author characterizes Zinoviev’s innovative contribution to the development of non-standard logics, and above all, multivalued logic, succession theory, logic principles of the natural and social science methodology, as well as to the creation of complex logic. The author shows the actual importance of Zinoviev’s logic and methodological legacy for the development of scientifi c perception and for the resistance to the phenomenon that the thinker referred to as the threatof mass stupefaction.

Design For Testability Method To Sequential Circuit

As the complexity of logic devices increased, it required more time and effort to manually design and verify tests, it was difficult to estimate test coverage, and the tests ran too slowly. This method is known as functional testing. Therefore, the industry adopted a design for test (DFT) strategy in which the design was updated to make testing simpler. In this work, a full scan testability method is going to be implemented to a sequential circuit (CUT). The CUT consists of at 6 D flip-flops and 10 logic gates. This CUT was designed using quartus prime software. The following steps are going to be implemented in this work: First, simulate the fault free circuit. Second, three faults were injected and tested to check if they can be detected or not. Finally, analyze the obtained results in terms of (what is the test pattern needed, how the fault can be observed at output).

CLB-Based Development of BiSS-C Interface Master for Motor Encoders

Encoder interfaces should be operated in real time with high precision and fast processing for industrial motor control systems. The continuous bidirectional serial synchronous (BiSS-C) interface is an open-source serial communication protocol designed for motor encoders and is suitable for industrial purposes because of its fast serial communication speed. In this study, we propose a method for developing a BiSS-C interface master for a motor encoder slave, using only the configurable logic block (CLB) peripheral integrated into TI microcontroller units. By analyzing the detailed operation protocol of the BiSS-C interface, we create the truth and state tables for logic circuits and finite state machines, which are required for the BiSS-C interface master. Then, by programming the CLB based on the created truth and state tables, we implement the master clock, serial peripheral interface (SPI) clock, and operational process for the master. This approach is cost-efficient because additional hardware components, such as a field-programmable gate array or a complex programmable logic device, are not required for the master implementations. The developed method can be immediately applied to developing the masters for other BiSS-C encoders with different specifications, which is certainly necessary for a motor drive development and test. By building an AC motor control system with the developed master and performing various experiments, we verify the performance and practical usefulness of the developed BiSS-C interface master. The maximum master clock frequency without any CRC errors is achieved by 6.25 MHz, which can cope with more than 20 kHz motor control cycle frequency. The usefulness is demonstrated by showing the motor speed and position control performance that are acceptable in real applications.

Multi-Method Simulation and Multi-Objective Optimization for Energy-Flexibility-Potential Assessment of Food-Production Process Cooling

Process cooling for food production is an energy-intensive industry with complex interactions and restrictions that complicate the ability to utilize energy-flexibility due to unforeseen consequences in production. Therefore, methods for assessing the potential flexibility in individual facilities to enable the active participation of process-cooling facilities in the electricity system are essential, but not yet well discussed in the literature. Therefore, this paper introduces an assessment method based on multi-method simulation and multi-objective optimization for investigating energy flexibility in process cooling, with a case study of a Danish process-cooling facility for canned-meat food production. Multi-method simulation is used in this paper: multi-agent-based simulation to investigate individual entities within the process-cooling system and the system’s behavior; discrete-event simulation to explore the entire process-cooling flow; and system dynamics to capture the thermophysical properties of the refrigeration unit and states of the refrigerated environment. A simulation library is developed, and is able to represent a generic production-flow of the canned-food process cooling. A data-driven symbolic-regression approach determines the complex logic of individual agents. Using a binary tuple-matrix for refrigeration-schedule optimization, the refrigeration-cycle operation is determined, based on weather forecasts, electricity price, and electricity CO2 emissions without violating individual room-temperature limits. The simulation results of one-week’s production in October 2020 show that 32% of energy costs can be saved and 822 kg of CO2 emissions can be reduced. The results thereby show the energy-flexibility potential in the process-cooling facilities, with the benefit of overall production cost and CO2 emissions reduction; at the same time, the production quality and throughput are not influenced.

Application of Metal Oxide Memristor Models in Logic Gates

Memristors, as new electronic elements, have been under rigorous study in recent years, owing to their good memory and switching properties, low power consumption, nano-dimensions and a good compatibility to present integrated circuits, related to their promising applications in electronic circuits and chips. The main purpose of this paper is the application and analysis of the operations of metal–oxide memristors in logic gates and complex schemes, using several standard and modified memristor models and a comparison between their behavior in LTSPICE at a hard-switching, paying attention to their fast operation and switching properties. Several basic logic gates—OR, AND, NOR, NAND, XOR, based on memristors and CMOS transistors are considered. The logic schemes based on memristors are applicable in electronic circuits with artificial intelligence. They are analyzed in LTSPICE for pulse signals and a hard-switching functioning of the memristors. The analyses confirm the proper, fast operation and good switching properties of the considered modified memristor models in logical circuits, compared to several standard models. The modified models are compared to several classical models, according to some significant criteria such as operating frequency, simulation time, accuracy, complexity and switching properties. Based on the basic memristor logic gates, a more complex logic scheme is analyzed.

Effect of data structures on the logical complexity of programs

Effect of data structures on the logical complexity of programs

More Than a Device: Function Implementation in a Multi-Gate Junctionless FET Structure

The miniaturization of the transistor sizes to keep up with Moore's Law in Integrated Circuits (ICs) is rapidly approaching the physical limits. To push the horizons of Moore's Law, among the various approaches available in the literature, single device-based computing shows promise by achieving more functionality in a smaller footprint. However, a single device-based computing approach either mainly embeds only the primitive logic hence inefficient in performance, or requires exotic devices like spin logic devices, and memristor which involve non-conventional costly manufacturing steps. Previously, we introduced the concept of embedding logic in a single device based on Crosstalk Computing, where deterministic signal interference between nano-metal lines is leveraged for logic computation. This paper elaborates upon the methodology of realizing complex Boolean functions through TCAD-based modeling and simulations, quantifying results, and compares against existing approaches. Core to our approach is a multi-gate Junctionless FET-based device, methodical placement of the independent gates, manipulation of device parameters, and dimension. This paper shows the implementation of various complex logic functions along with the primitive gates in the proposed device. Our benchmark results show 8x density benefits and 8x less power consumption on average than CMOS-based implementation. For the case of delay, elementary and complex logic devices show comparable characteristics with 14 nm PTM counterparts. Such realization of complex functions in a stand-alone device is compatible with the existing fabrication process.

The CMS muon drift tubes HL-LHC Upgrade demonstrator at Run 3 start

The electronic system of the CMS Drift Tubes (DT) chambers will be replaced to continue operation during high luminosity running of the LHC (HL-LHC). The upgraded architecture sends all signals to the backend, where complex logic will be performed with a precision matching the maximum chamber resolution, now only available offline. A demonstrator has been installed during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) in one of the sixty sectors of the detector. Over LS2 we have integrated this system in the CMS operations environment and tested its stability over extended cosmics data-taking campaigns, also with the magnetic field on. This paper describes the time synchronization achieved and early performance in collisions at Run 3 start.

A Simple Four-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Ceiling Fan Applications

A simple four-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive for a ceiling fan is presented in this paper. Here, an asymmetric bridge converter is preferred due to its independent phase control and simple design. The proposed four-phase asymmetric bridge converter based SRM drive has no speed and current feedback loops, thereby eliminating the use of current sensors and complex computational logic. Position sensing is carried-out using hall-effect sensors in the proposed drive. Analytical and simulation studies are carried-out on the proposed drive and the results are presented. To verify the efficacy of the drive a prototype of motor and drive are fabricated. Experimental results show that the proposed SRM drive has low current ripple and acoustic noise as required in ceiling fan applications.

Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Using Nonpulsatile Photoplethysmographic Components for Low-Frequency Vascular Unloading

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Objective</i> : Continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring gives a better understanding of a person’s cardiovascular health status than single BP measurements. The existing measurement techniques are often highly complex and expensive, or suffer from inaccuracies. We propose a simple yet effective technique for continuous blood pressure monitoring. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Methods</i> : Our method is based on the finding that the non-pulsatile (DC) component of the photoplethysmograph (PPG) correlates with blood pressure. By keeping the infrared PPG DC component constant by altering the applied external pressure using a feedback mechanism the BP can be measured continuously. This way the pressure read from the pressure sensor follows the mean intra-arterial BP. We call this low-frequency vascular unloading. We propose a method for assessing the measurement error introduced by changes in vasomotor tone. Green PPG was used for the vasomotor compensation method. We packaged the technology to a wearable finger-worn device similar to a pulse oximeter probe. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Results</i> : We measured over 90 minutes of continuous BP data from total of 7 subjects. The subjects were asked to perform different BP altering maneuvers during the measurement. The ability to track BP changes was verified by continuous mean arterial pressure (MAP) readings measured with the reference device (CNSystems CNAP 500) and our device, resulting in correlation of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</i> = 0.894 and (( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mean</i> ± <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SD</i> ) mmHg) of (0.3±4.3) mmHg for mean arterial pressure. Without vasomotor tone compensation the results were with slightly less accurate: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</i> = 0.83, (-1.4±5.1) mmHg. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Conclusion</i> : The proposed technology performed well compared to traditional vascular unloading technique while requiring significantly less complex control logic and no fast-switching pneumatics. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Significance</i> : The proposed technique is simple, yet effective, low-cost solution and it can be constructed from off-the-shelf components and miniaturized into a wearable form factor. The technique has potential in the field of health wearables and remote continuous BP monitoring for personalized health applications.

Modeling The Digital Transformation of Enterprises: A Comprehensive Study

In the modern world, rapid advancement in the field of technology has propelled institutions towards the path of digitization to enhance their business processes and collaboration. Enterprises are now utilizing digital tools with the aim of reducing labor and time requirements, managing information more effectively, and automating decision-making processes. This article is dedicated to the topic of “Modeling the Digitization of Enterprises (SME)” and its primary objective is to explore the achievements and challenges intended by this positive transformation. Industrial digitization is the process of integrating digital tools, business flows, and approaches into every aspect of business and processes within an organization. However, applying digital solutions is not straightforward, and many companies struggle with complexity, uncertainty, and unclear business logic. Indeed, the digitization of industrial processes goes far beyond technology and demands extensive transformation of business processes, business models, and ecosystem relationships. To catalyze this transformation, small and medium-sized enterprises with specialized capabilities in artificial intelligence, analytics, and sensors play a significant role. Achieving success in the digital economy is crucial, prompting organizations to formulate and assess effective strategies for digital transformation. Therefore, there are many complexities associated with modeling and evaluating a digital transformation strategy. Adopting a unified approach is essential to assess a digital transformation strategy. This approach should consider market dynamics, digital disruption characteristics, corporate attributes, as well as the process of implementing the digital transformation strategy. While decision-makers in the industry demonstrate an increasing readiness to invest in the digital transformation of their companies, they lack information about their current status in Industry 4.0 and strategic guidelines for its implementation. This article establishes a guiding unified procedural model, including the identification of specific operational areas in initial acquaintances with Industry 4.0 for companies and their implementation processes. Additionally, it explores a comprehensive model for modeling and evaluating digital transformation strategies.

On conjunctive complex fuzzification of Lagrange's theorem of &lt;i&gt;ξ&lt;/i&gt;−CFSG

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;The application of a complex fuzzy logic system based on a linear conjunctive operator represents a significant advancement in the field of data analysis and modeling, particularly for studying physical scenarios with multiple options. This approach is highly effective in situations where the data involved is complex, imprecise and uncertain. The linear conjunctive operator is a key component of the fuzzy logic system used in this method. This operator allows for the combination of multiple input variables in a systematic way, generating a rule base that captures the behavior of the system being studied. The effectiveness of this method is particularly notable in the study of phenomena in the actual world that exhibit periodic behavior. The foremost aim of this paper is to contribute to the field of fuzzy algebra by introducing and exploring new concepts and their properties in the context of conjunctive complex fuzzy environment. In this paper, the conjunctive complex fuzzy order of an element belonging to a conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup of a finite group is introduced. Several algebraic properties of this concept are established and a formula is developed to calculate the conjunctive complex fuzzy order of any of its powers in this study. Moreover, an important condition is investigated that determines the relationship between the membership values of any two elements and the membership value of the identity element in the conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup of a group. In addition, the concepts of the conjunctive complex fuzzy order and index of a conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup of a group are also presented in this article and their various fundamental algebraic attributes are explored structural. Finally, the conjunctive complex fuzzification of Lagrange's theorem for conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroups of a group is demonstrated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

A novel metal-organic framework of Co-hemin for portable and visual colorimetric detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

On-site quantitative analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is of significant importance for addressing increasing concerns about public health and environmental quality. Here, a novel metal-organic framework (MOF) of Co-hemin is synthesized and first used for on-site colorimetric monitoring of 2,4-D. 2,4-D as an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase could specifically suppress the production of ascorbic acid, which restrained in situ etching of Co-hemin and further triggered the colorimetric response. In the colorimetric assay, Co-hemin displayed good oxidase-like activity without addition of H2O2, which could avoid the shortcomings of H2O2 such as toxicity and instability. The Co-hemin biosensor exhibited a relatively low detection limit of 33 ng mL-1 for 2,4-D by the UV method. Moreover, a smartphone based RGB analysis system for the sensitive detection of 2,4-D was developed, and exhibited a good linear relationship between the RGB model parameter and the concentration of 2,4-D. The operability and accuracy of the Co-hemin biosensor were confirmed by the quantitative determination of 2,4-D in real samples, such as serum and tap water. Also, the Co-hemin based colorimetric biosensor showed good selectivity and specificity. Moreover, the developed assays displayed good application in constructing complex logic gates. This work not only provided a portable and visual platform for on-site monitoring of 2,4-D, but also expanded application prospects in the field of complex biological analysis.

Data-driven Abstractions for Verification of Linear Systems

We introduce a novel approach for the construction of symbolic abstractions -simpler, finite-state models -which mimic the behaviour of a system of interest, and are commonly utilized to verify complex logic specifications. Such abstractions require an exhaustive knowledge of the concrete model, which can be difficult to obtain in real-world applications. To overcome this, we propose to sample finite length trajectories of an unknown system and build an abstraction based on the concept of ℓ-completeness. To this end, we introduce the notion of probabilistic behavioural inclusion. We provide probably approximately correct (PAC) guarantees that such an abstraction, constructed from experimental symbolic trajectories of finite length, includes all behaviours of the concrete system, for both finite and infinite time horizon. Finally, our method is displayed with numerical examples.

Nanoclusters with specific DNA overhangs: modifying configurability, engineering contrary logic pairs and the parity generator/checker for error detection.

The most promising alternative for next-generation molecular computers is biocomputing, which uses DNAs as its primary building blocks to perform a Boolean operation. DNA nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as promising candidates for biosensing applications due to their unique self-assembly properties and programmability. It has been demonstrated that adding DNA overhangs to DNA NCs improves their adaptability in identifying specific biomolecular interactions. A recent proposal in DNA computing is the concept of "contrary logic pairs (CLPs)" executed by employing a DNA hybrid architecture as a universal platform. We have designed thymine overhang-modified DNA-templated NCs (T-Au/Ag NCs). These NCs serve as a chemosensing ensemble platform, where the presence of HgII ions mediates the formation of M-Au/Ag NCs. The resulting NCs exhibit the capability to drive elementary CLPs (YES, NOT, OR, NOR, INH and IMP) as well as complex logic operations (XOR and XNOR). Additionally, they can be utilized for advanced non-arithmetic DNA logic devices like a parity generator (pG) and a parity checker (pC) for "error detection". Bit errors are an unavoidable and common occurrence during any computing. A cascade of XOR operations was used to evaluate these errors by introducing the pG and pC at the transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) ends in binary transmission, respectively, which has devastating implications for reliable logic circuits, especially in advanced logic computation. Moreover, an even/odd natural number from 0 to 9 distinguishable pC was designed based on a dual-source responsive computing platform. This work offers inspiring avenues for a cost-effective strategy to construct highly-intelligent DNA computing devices by enhancing the multi-input responsive single DNA platform concept.