Considering the persistent ecological risks posed by phosphate byproducts to aquatic systems during organophosphorus pollutant degradation, this study developed an aminated polyacrylonitrile fiber-immobilized nanozero-valent cobalt composite (PANAF-Co), which was utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degrading phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and simultaneously recovering the generated phosphate. Experimental results demonstrated that the PANAF-Co/PMS system achieved 98% PPOA degradation within 60 min across pH 3-9, with 95% efficiency retained under complex matrices (1 mmol·L-1 anions and 20 mg·L-1 humic acid). Furthermore, the modifications of amine groups and metallic cobalt significantly improved phosphate removal efficiency, endowing PANAF-Co with an enhanced adsorption capacity (16.45 mg P·g-1 within 60 min) and robust pH tolerance (4-7). Additionally, PANAF-Co exhibited excellent reusability, retaining 75.3% of its effectiveness after 5 cycles. It also effectively removed organophosphorus from Chaohu Lake water (91.6% removal) and agricultural tailwater (84.7% removal) in practical applications. Mechanistic studies revealed that SO4·- and ·OH were dominant reactive oxygen species, while phosphate removal was mediated through cobalt-phosphorus coordination and protonated amine synergistic adsorption. In conclusion, this work proposes a novel remediation strategy that simultaneously targets organophosphorus and phosphate, thereby providing a scalable solution for organophosphorus-contaminated wastewater remediation.

The accurate detection of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Herein, we report a label-free fluorescent bio-sensing platform that integrates a self-priming dual-hairpin probe with a primer exchange reaction (PER) for sensitive miRNA analysis in AD. Target binding triggers a conformational rearrangement of the probe, activating a self-priming hairpin that initiates enzyme-driven strand displacement amplification (SDA). Through cyclical extension and cleavage, the SDA process displaces a second hairpin structure, denoted as the PER template probe. Release of this probe enables primer binding and initiates the PER, yielding large amounts of G-rich single-stranded DNA products. These sequences fold into G-quadruplex structures that selectively bind thioflavin T, leading to a strong turn-on fluorescence response. The assay achieves a broad linear detection range from 0.5 fM to 100 pM, with an ultralow detection limit of 87 aM. Furthermore, this strategy offers a cost-effective, label-free fluorescence method for SDA-based detection and exhibits promising applicability in complex biological matrices.

Nanopore single-molecule sensing has emerged as a transformative platform in glycoscience and nanotechnology because of its inherent potential to decode complex "glycocodes" with high sensitivity, single-molecule resolution, and real-time throughput. However, realizing true sequencing across the vast diversity of glycans demands continuous enhancement of the nanopore resolution and applicability. In particular, conceptual advancements are needed to overcome the limitations of current profiling analysis-based approaches. Here, we propose a single-feature paradigm for nanopore glycan linkage analysis and demonstrate the specific recognition of α2-8 glycosidic linkage using an engineered aerolysin nanopore, K238Q. The N262-Q238-E258 region establishes multiple synergistic hydrogen-bonding interactions and an electrostatic barrier with the α2-8 motif, selectively decelerating α2-8 sialoglycans and enabling the characterization and fingerprinting of this subclass at the submonosaccharide level. We also discover the complementary behavior of a K238N variant, which responds to longer or highly branched sialoglycans in a dual-pore logic-gate assay. This assay combines the readouts from K238Q and K238N to extract key structural information from unknown glycans. Converged with nanopore-compatible preprocessing and machine learning, this approach enables proof-of-concept identification and quantification of sialoglycans in serum. This work not only establishes engineered aerolysin nanopores as a powerful platform for the selective discrimination of sialoglycans in complex biological matrices but also opens a new avenue for nanopore-based glycan sequencing.

Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) provides a framework for reducing hazardous reagents, energy consumption, and waste. The topic has gained momentum across many chemical industries over the past 25 years; however, progress in implementing sustainable methods and conducting greenness assessments within forensic laboratories has been comparatively slow. The purpose of this review is to highlight green approaches to analytical separation methods, including greenness assessment metrics, that have been reported in the literature for forensic chemistry and toxicology applications and to raise awareness of GAC in the forensic field. Recent scientific literature highlights promising advances in greener sample preparation and chromatographic approaches, particularly in forensic toxicology and seized-drug analysis. Emerging trends include the use of green solvents, bio-based and deep eutectic solvent systems, and the rapid expansion of microextraction techniques such as SPME, LPME, MEPS, FPSE, and DLLME, which reduce solvent volumes, minimize waste, and support higher-throughput workflows. Parallel developments in portable and miniaturized chromatographic instrumentation such as miniaturized LC–MS systems with increased detection specificity and Lab-on-a-Chip applications show promise for in situ measurements in the field. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry—in particular, DESI and DART—has had a major impact on forensic chemistry by providing tools for the rapid and direct analysis of chemical compounds in complex matrices with little or no sample preparation. Greenness assessment tools—including AGREE, AGREEprep, Eco-Scale, GAPI, and BAGI—are increasingly applied to evaluate analytical methods in forensic chemistry and toxicology, including those used for novel psychoactive substances. Although many green methodologies are well documented, their routine implementation remains limited. The continued integration of green solvents, microextractions, portable instrumentation, and standardized greenness metrics will be essential for advancing sustainable forensic separations.

Salmonella is one of the most hazardous foodborne pathogens, posing a serious threat to public health and food safety worldwide. Conventional recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12a detection assays predominantly rely on the trans-cleavage of fluorescent reporters; however, such signal-generation modes are inherently susceptible to photobleaching, signal drift, and fluctuation, thereby compromising quantitative accuracy and long-term signal stability in practical pathogen detections. To overcome these limitations, we developed a trans-cleavage-independent fluorescence polarization (FP) sensing platform for the rapid and quantitative detection of Salmonella. Unlike conventional reporter-cleavage-based readouts, the proposed system exploits target-induced nucleoprotein assembly to achieve direct, physical signal amplification. In this design, a FAM-labeled forward primer serves as an intrinsic molecular reporter, while exonuclease I (Exo I) selectively degrades unincorporated primers, effectively suppressing background interference. Upon recognition of Salmonella genomic DNA, RPA produces rigid double-stranded amplicons that restrict fluorophore rotational freedom, and subsequent crRNA-guided Cas12a binding further increases molecular size and hydrodynamic volume, resulting in a stepwise enhancement of FP signals. The assay exhibits excellent linearity over a concentration range of 3 × 101-3 × 106 CFU mL-1, with an ultralow detection limit of 5 CFU mL-1. In addition, it demonstrates outstanding photostability, reproducibility, and high specificity against nontarget bacteria. Importantly, reliable Salmonella detection was achieved in complex food matrices, including meat, eggs, and dairy products, with consistently high recoveries and strong tolerance to matrix interference, offering a promising alternative to conventional fluorescence-intensity-based CRISPR diagnostics in complex food systems.

Zearalenone (ZEA), an environmental mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi, is widely present in grains and grain products. Due to its potent carcinogenicity and toxicity, it poses a serious threat to human and animal health, necessitating the development of simple, sensitive, and reliable ZEA detection methods. This study constructed a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe based on Cu2O@Au. This probe synergistically interacts with luminol, utilizing enzyme-catalyzed glucose decomposition to generate H2O2, which is further catalyzed to hydroxyl radicals (OH˙), thereby significantly amplifying the ECL signal. To enhance catalytic efficiency, a Tb-Cu metal-organic framework (Tb-Cu MOF) with horseradish peroxidase-mimetic activity was integrated onto the sensor interface to accelerate hydrogen peroxide decomposition. This integrated sensing platform achieves highly sensitive detection of ZEA, with a detection limit as low as 0.017 pg mL-1 and a linear range spanning 0.10 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1. This strategy provides a powerful analytical tool for detecting trace toxins in complex biological matrices, demonstrating broad application prospects in fields such as food safety and environmental analysis.

Evaluation of BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal panel for the detection of norovirus in complex food matrices.

Rapid and non-destructive detection of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis.

Validated DLLME-LC-MS/MS for rapid determination of aflatoxins in commercial seasoning powders.

Ultra-sensitive SERS-ICA for carbofuran detection in complex food matrices: a smart signal averaging strategy overcoming matrix interference.

Dual-emissive RhB-embedded UiO-67-NH2 fluorescent sensor for multi-analyte detection in water system via fluorescence enhancement, quenching, or chromaticity shift.

Paternò-Büchi reaction-mediated high-selectivity screening of isoprene-containing naturals by LC-HRMS.

Upconversion luminescence-based label-free nanoprobe for dual-readout detection of Tyrosinase.

Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for phenolic antioxidants in foods and beverages: From design to device translation.

Live cell-plasmonic synergistic "sieving-enrichment" enables signal amplification and tunable molecular gating for versatile sensing in complex matrices.

Dual-emission fluorescent ZnS nanosheets for sensitive detection of carcinogenic Sudan dyes in chili powder and lipstick samples.

A novel derivatization reagent for ultra-sensitive determination of free fatty acids in complex matrices by UHPLC-QQQ-MS.

Ultrasensitive determination of aflatoxin B1 by flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on hemin-integrated Tb-MOF(Fe) nanozyme.

Structure-guided engineering of P450BM3 as a cofactor-free peroxygenase for efficient biotransformation of cresol pollutants.

Deep eutectic solvent-functionalized graphene aerogel fiber for solid-phase microextraction of p-phenylenediamine and quinone derivatives in environmental waters.