Complete Synonymy Research Articles

A revision of the genus Dolichos (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae), including Lesotho and Swaziland

A revision of the genus Dolichos in South Africa (Lesotho and Swaziland included) is presented. This legume genus, belonging to the bean tribe Phaseoleae, mainly has an African distribution, extending into Asia. In South Africa it is represented by nine species, two ( D. sericeus and D. trilobus) of which extend into Tropical Africa. Dolichos is closely related to the genus Macrotyloma from which it can be distinguished by the short standard appendages, reticulate pollen and the generally purple flowers (standard appendages long, pollen tuberculate or spinulose and flowers yellow or orange in Macrotyloma). It also has affinities with the genera Dipogon and Lablab. The correct nomenclature, as well as complete synonymy, typification and distribution maps of all the species are provided.

Revision of PaleotropicalMegalastrum(Dryopteridaceae)1

We recognize three species of Megalastrum Holttum (Dryopteridaceae) in Africa, the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and La Réunion. A key to distinguish the three species is provided as well as description, complete synonymy, discussion, specimens examined, and illustration of each species. Two names are excluded from the genus.

Synopsis of Mickelia, a newly recognized genus of bolbitidoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae)

Our recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed a previously unrecognized clade of six species that is sister to Elaphoglossum. Within this clade, four species are currently classified in Bolbitis, one in Lomagramma, and one in Acrostichum. For this clade, we propose the name Mickelia, with M. nicotianifolia as the type species. We also make new combinations for the species in our phylogenetic study shown to belong to Mickelia (M. bernoullii, M. guianensis, M. hemiotis, M. nicotianifolia, M. oligarchica, and M. scandens) and two other species believed to belong to the clade based on morphology (M. lindigii, M. pergamentacea). A new hybrid and two new species are also described (M. ×atrans, M. furcata, and M. pradoi). In total, Mickelia consists of ten species and one hybrid. It is entirely neotropical. We provide a key to the genera of bolbitidoid ferns and a synopsis of Mickelia that gives for each species a complete synonymy, geographical distribution, comparative discussion, and illustration.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Leucotrichum (Polypodiaceae): A new genus of grammitid ferns from the Neotropics

AbstractA new genus of grammitid ferns, Leucotrichum, is described. Segregated from Lellingeria on the basis of molecular analyses and morphological characters, it comprises five species distributed in the Antilles, Central America, and Southeastern Brazil. We present a phylogeny based on two cpDNA genes, atpB and rbcL, showing the relationships between Leucotrichum and other genera of grammitid ferns. Both Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses support the monophyly of Leucotrichum, with bootstrap value of 100% and posterior probability value of 1.0, and its sister–group relationship to the Terpsichore lanigera group. Leucotrichum is characterized by seven morphological characters: arching fronds, clathrate rhizome scales, blackish rhizome scale cell walls, laterally marginate petioles, laminar apices subconform to the lateral pinnae, pinna costae without blackish sclerenchyma, and hairs bearing acicular branch cells. We also provide a key, descriptions, complete synonymy, discussions, specimens examined, and illustrations for all the species.

Megalastrum (Dryopteridaceae) in Central America

Twenty-one species of Megalastrum are here recognised for Central America. A dichotomous indented key is given to identify the species, and each species is provided with a description, complete synonymy, discussion, specimens examined, and illustrations. Eight new species are described: Megalastrum apicale R. C. Moran & J. Prado, M. costipubens R. C. Moran & J. Prado, M. glabrum R. C. Moran & J. Prado, M. gompholepis R. C. Moran & J. Prado, M. intermedium R. C. Moran & J. Prado, M. longiglandulosum R. C. Moran & J. Prado, M. mexicanum R. C. Moran & J. Prado, and M. sparsipilosum R. C. Moran & J. Prado. Two new combinations are made: M. galeottii (M. Martens) R. C. Moran & J. Prado and M. heydei (C. Chr.) R. C. Moran & J. Prado. The central mountains of Costa Rica and Panama are the most species-rich region in Central America, harbouring 15 species, 10 of which are endemic.

Review of the Caribbean pyrgodesmid genus <I>Docodesmus </I> Cook with notes on potentially related genera (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

Th e diagnostic characters of the genus Docodesmus Cook, 1896 are evaluated. Members of the genus are clearly recognizable by the anterior collum, paranotal and tergite margin lobations. Two diff erent types of gonopods, corresponding to diff erent geographic areas, are found. Th e potential close affi nities of Doco- desmus with several other pyrgodesmid genera are discussed. Th is study revealed that Docodesmus species carry spinnerets at the epiproct . All 22 species currently assigned to the genus are listed with complete synonymies, citations and diagnoses. Docodesmus cooki Loomis, 1969 is a junior subjective synonym of D. haitiensis Loomis, 1934 (syn.n.) and Docodesmus griseus Loomis, 1941 is a junior subjective synonym of D. angustus Loomis, 1941 (syn.n.).

Revision of the Oriental species of the Bengalia peuhi speciesgroup (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

The Oriental species of the Bengalia peuhi species-group are revised and their male genitalia illustrated by means of digital colour photography. A key to males is presented, complete synonymies are given for all the species and their geographical distribution reconsidered. The 13 Oriental species making up the group are: Bengalia emarginata Malloch, 1927 (China, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam); B. emarginatoides sp. nov. (India, Sri Lanka); B. emdeniella (Lehrer, 2005), comb. nov. (China); B. fani Feng & Wei, 1998 (China); B. inermis Malloch, 1927 (Philippines); B. latro de Meijere, 1910 (Indonesia); B. lyneborgi James, 1966 (Philippines); B. pseudovaricolor Kurahashi & Tumrasvin, 1979 (Thailand); B. surcoufi Senior-White, 1923 (India, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam); B. taksina (Lehrer, 2005), comb. nov. (Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam); B. unicolor Séguy, 1946 (Pakistan); B. varicolor (Fabricius, 1805) (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam); and B. weii sp. nov. (China). A lectotype is designated for Bengalia latro to fix the interpretation of the name. Bengalia bezzii Senior-White, 1923 is established as a junior synonym of Musca varicolor Fabricius, 1805, syn. nov. Bengalia chromatella Séguy, 1946 and Bengalia pallidicoxa Séguy, 1946 are treated as junior synonyms of Musca varicolor Fabricius, 1805, syn. nov. Afridigalia bezziella Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia emarginata Malloch, 1927, syn. nov. Afridigalia pinatuba Lehrer, 2005 and Ashokiana ramsdalei Lehrer, 2005 are established as junior synonyms of Bengalia inermis Malloch, 1927, syn. nov. Ashokiana ramsdalei and Afridigalia laguna Lehrer, 2005 are both based on a holotype with a partly destroyed aedeagus. Afridigalia tenggeria Lehrer, 2006 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia latro de Meijere, 1910, syn. nov. Afridigalia thaisia Lehrer, 2008 is established as a junior synonym of Afridigalia taksina Lehrer, 2005, syn. nov. The Afrotropical Afridigalia walkeriana Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia depressa Walker, 1858, syn. nov. The Afrotropical Afridigalia zouloupyga Lehrer, 2006 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia floccosa Wulp, 1885, syn. nov. Afridigalia arawakia Lehrer, 2006 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia peuhi Villeneuve, 1914, syn. nov. Bengalia taiwanensis Fan, 1965, not a member of the peuhi species-group, is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi, 1913, syn. nov. Sri Lanka is deleted from the distributional range of this species. New morphological terms are introduced for the description of the aedeagus. The ovipositor is described for Bengalia emarginata and Bengalia lyneborgi. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis is performed using NONA and Pee-Wee.

Megalastrum (Dryopteridaceae) in the West Indies

Seven species of Megalastrum have been generally recognized in the West Indies. In this treatment, we recognize nine species for the region, five of which are endemic. We describe a new species (M. angustum), make three new combinations (M. caribaeum, M. gilbertii, M. martinicense), and for all species provide keys, descriptions, complete synonymy, discussions, specimens examined, and illustrations.

A critical evaluation of the status of crinoids studied by Dr. Gerard Troost (1776-1850)

The systematic position of taxa from the work of Gerard Troost has been confused and many have not been properly credited. Complete synonymy listings of Troost names indicate that the author and date of many names need revision, including several taxa that can finally be credited to Troost.

Taxonomic Revision of the Chiliotrichum Group sensu stricto (Compositae: Astereae)

The ChiliotrichumGroup sensu lato (Compositae: Astereae) comprises 11 genera and 31 species distributed from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego, and it is composed of four main clades: the Chiliotrichumclade (composed of Aylacophora, Chiliophyllum, Chiliotrichum, and Lepidophyllum), the Haroldiaclade (composed of Haroldia), the Llerasia clade (composed of Llerasia and Ocyroe), and the Nardophyllum clade (composed of Cabreraea, Chiliotrichiopsis, Katinasia, and Nardophyllum). A taxonomic revision is presented for Chiliotrichum, Haroldia, and Nardophyllum clades, which are referred to here as ChiliotrichumGroup sensu stricto. The ChiliotrichumGroup sensu stricto, composed of 9 genera and 16 species, constitutes the most diverse assemblage of taxa in the ChiliotrichumGroup sensu lato. All species in the ChiliotrichumGroup sensu stricto were taxonomically evaluated and circumscribed based on analysis of the protologues, laboratory studies, and careful study of nearly all type material, dried specimen collections, and extensive field observations. Keys for genera in the Chiliotrichum Group sensu lato and species for the genera treated are provided. Also provided for these species are complete synonymies, detailed descriptions, line drawings, photographs of live specimens and their habitat, and distribution maps. A list of all specimens examined is presented for each species. Three genera are described herein as new: Cabreraea, Katinasia, and Haroldia; and four new combinations are presented: Chiliotrichum fuegianum (O. Hoffm.) Bonif., Cabreraea andina (Cabrera) Bonif., Katinasia cabrerae (Bonif.) Bonif., and Haroldia mendocina (Cabrera) Bonif. One species name is neotypified (Barnadesia lanata Meyen), and six synonyms of accepted taxa are lectotypified. One species, Chiliotrichum rosmarinifolium, is reduced to the synonymy of Chiliotrichum diffusum. KEY WORDS: Astereae, Argentina, Aylacophora, Bolivia, Cabreraea gen. nov., Chile, Chiliophyllum, Chiliotrichiopsis, Chiliotrichum, Chiliotrichum Group sensu lato, Chiliotrichum Group sensu stricto, Compositae, Haroldia gen. nov., Katinasia gen. nov., Lepidophyllum, Llerasia, morphology, Nardophyllum, nomenclature, Ocyroe, Peru, taxonomy.

On Maxillaria Bomboizensis and Camaridium Carinatum (Orchidaceae)

Maxillaria bomboizensis is synonymized under Camaridium carinatum. Two previously published combinations based on Maxillaria bomboizensis (Camaridium bomboizense and Sauvetrea bomboizensis) are invalid. A complete synonymy is provided for Camaridium carinatum, and lectotypes are designated for its basionym Maxillaria carinata and its synonym Maxillaria imbricata. The name Maxillaria jenischiana has been misapplied to Camaridium carinatum since 1959.

Revision of the Alpheus cylindricus Kingsley, 1878 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae), with revalidation of A. vanderbilti Boone, 1930

Alpheus cylindricus Kingsley, 1878, previously believed to be widely distributed in the tropical eastern Pacific and western and eastern Atlantic, is revised. Two species are recognized based on morphology, color pattern and genetics. Alpheus cylindricus is restricted to the tropical eastern Pacific, from the Gulf of California to the Galapagos. A neotype of A. cylindricus from the type locality, Las Perlas Islands, is designated. On the Pacific coast of Panama, this species commonly inhabits purple sponges growing among or under large intertidal rocks. Alpheus vanderbilti Boone, 1930 is formally resurrected from the synonymy of A. cylindricus; it occurs in the tropical western Atlantic, from Bermuda to Brazil, and in the tropical eastern Atlantic, around the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. In the Caribbean, A. vanderbilti is most often encountered in large loggerhead sponges, Spheciospongia vesparia (Lamarck, 1814), while in the Gulf of Guinea it inhabits sponge-lined tunnels in coral rocks. Complete synonymies and GenBank barcodes (COI) are provided. Phylogeography of the A. cylindricus complex is discussed based on molecular data.

Revised infrafamilial classification of Symplocaceae based on phylogenetic data from DNA sequences and morphology

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses were conducted with 51 parsimony‐informative morphological characters and previously generated DNA sequence data from five genic regions (ITS, trnL‐trnF, rpl16, matK, trnC‐trnD) to revise the classification of Symplocaceae in accordance with ranked monophyly. Observed conflict between the morphological and molecular estimates is interpreted as a consequence of convergent features of the androecium among two clades of the family, possibly influenced by the advent of hummingbird pollination in the largest New World lineage. All nine taxa above the species level in the revised classification (two genera, and within Symplocos two subgenera, three sections, and two series) are based on clades with ≥ 90% bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities of 1.00 in molecular analyses. Symplocos section Cordyloblaste (two species) is elevated to the genus level on the basis of both its position as sister to all other Symplocos species and morphological differences that have been used to delineate genera in other Ericalean families. Optimization of the morphological characters onto one of the trees from the combined morphological and molecular analysis suggests that all nine recognized taxa correspond to clades that have at least two morphological synapomorphies, although for two of these clades support is provided by only ambiguous characters. All 318 species of Symplocos, as currently recognized in the literature, are assigned to subdivisions. The assignment of 90 of these is based on molecular and morphological data, and that of the rest (as yet unsampled for DNA sequence characters) on morphological attributes alone. The ranks of two taxa are changed (to Symplocos subgenus Palura and Symplocos series Urbaniocharis), several lectotypes are designated, and a key to genera and subdivisions of Symplocos, descriptions, and complete synonymy are provided.

Pelagic Ostracods of the Genera Halocypris and Felia (Subfamily Halocypridinae) from the North Pacific

Morphology of Halocypris inflata (Dana, 1853), H. pelagica Claus, 1890, Felia cornuta (Muller, 1906) and F. bicornis (Muller, 1906) is examined with North Pacific materials and compared with previous records. Complete synonymy and corrected distribution were given for these species. Halocypris angustifrontalis, new species is described in detail. It differs from known species of this genus by its very large size and the structure of the coxal segment of the mandible. Keys to all species of both genera are presented.

Revision of the Alpheus websteri Kingsley, 1880 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae), with revalidation of A. arenensis (Chace, 1937)

The Alpheus websteri Kingsley, 1880 species complex is revised. Alpheus websteri s. str. is redefined and restricted to the western Atlantic, ranging from the type locality in the Florida Keys to northeastern Brazil. The eastern Pacific A. arenensis (Chace, 1937), formerly a synonym of A. websteri, and the eastern Atlantic A. fagei Crosnier and Forest, 1966, are shown to be distinct from A. websteri morphologically, genetically and also by color pattern. Morphology, genetics and color patterns all suggest that A. websteri and A. arenensis are transisthmian sister species, with A. fagei being their closest relative. Complete synonymy, color photographs and GenBank barcodes (COI) are provided for all three species.

Taxonomic revision of Australasian snow hebes (Veronica, Plantaginaceae)

The snow hebes, formerly comprising the genus Chionohebe, are here included within Veronica (Plantaginaceae). The five species (including two subspecies) of snow hebes recognised here are cushions or subshrubs that occur exclusively in high-elevation habitats of Australia and the South Island of New Zealand. Species delimitation among the cushion snow hebes is very difficult because of the reduced pulvinate habit, solitary flowers and few gross-morphological characters useful for identification. To address species limits, investigate intraspecific patterns and revise the taxonomy of the snow hebes, morphological analyses were conducted and the results compared with previously published molecular phylogenetic data. Ordination and clustering analyses of morphological data showed some taxonomic structuring; however, species clusters were not widely separated from one another. Morphological and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data show that the cushion species are clearly distinguished from the subshrub species, V. densifolia (F.Muell.) F.Muell. Among the four cushion species (V. chionohebe Garn.-Jones, V. ciliolata (Hook.f.) Cheeseman, V. pulvinaris (Hook.f.) Cheeseman, V. thomsonii (Buchanan) Cheeseman), the distribution of leaf trichomes is important for species identification, particularly when used in conjunction with ovary vestiture, capsule size, and/or seed size. One new combination V. ciliolata subsp. fiordensis (Ashwin) Meudt is proposed, and V. uniflora Kirk is treated as a naturally occurring hybrid V. × uniflora (V. densifolia × V. thomsonii). Complete synonymies, descriptions, illustrations and range maps are provided for each species, as well as a key to all species and a discussion of putative hybrids.

Systematic revision of the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran

This paper presents a systematic revision of Gagea Salisb. in Iran, which is a genus of bulbous perennials widely distributed in alpine and subalpine regions across Eurasia and North Africa. The plants of many Gagea species grow in seasonally moist soils with a high percentage of clay. These studies are based on extensive field work and study of herbarium specimens in all herbaria of Iran and the most important in the United Kingdom. In all, nearly 2000 specimens have been studied. Complete synonymy, descriptions, notes on taxonomy, geographical distribution, conservation status, habitats of species and an enumeration of selected material studied is given for each species. A key for the identification of flowering specimens of the accepted species is provided. The largest mountain ranges of Iran, i.e. Alborz and Zagros, are important centres of diversity for Gagea. In Iran, there are 26 species of the genus, of which G. chanae Grossh. and G. commutata K.Koch are presented here as new records. We consider G. anonyma Rech.f., G. grey-wilsonii Rech.f., G. ova Stapf and G. tehranica Gand. to be synonymous with G. setifolia Baker, G. chlorantha (M.Bieb.) Schult. & Schult. f., G. stipitata Merckl. ex Bunge and G. reticulata (Pall.) Salisb., respectively. Gagea perpusilla Pascher is another new synonym of G. setifolia. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 559–588

Synonymy of Ephuta tentativa Schuster and E. pauxilla Bradley (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

The collection of a male of Ephuta pauxilla Bradley and a female of E. tentativa Schuster taken in copula has provided evidence that these forms are conspecific. Ephuta tentativa is a junior synonym of E. pauxilla. Furthermore, subsequent collections and comparison of type specimens and numerous other specimens have shown Ephuta pauxilla texanella Schuster to be a junior synonym of Ephuta pauxilla as well. A complete synonymy for E. pauxilla is provided.

Taxonomy and nomenclature of black nerites (Gastropoda:Neritimorpha:Nerita) from the South Pacific

Members of the genus Nerita are abundant components of the intertidal fauna in many parts of the world and yet Nerita taxonomy remains unsettled. Here, the relationships among black-shelled Nerita populations from Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, the Kermadec Islands and Easter Island are discussed. Four species are recognised: N. atramentosa Reeve, 1855 from the southern half of Australia; N. melanotragus E.A. Smith, 1884 from eastern Australia, northern New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands; N. morio (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) from Easter Island and the Austral Islands; and N. lirellata Rehder, 1980 from Easter Island alone. These species are of great importance in studies of intertidal community structure and yet two of them have been consistently confused in the ecological and taxonomic literature. Moreover, the relationships among the species are not at all as implied by recent subgeneric classifications; it is argued that all four species should be placed in the subgenus Lisanerita Krijnen, 2002. The superficially similar N. picea Récluz, 1841 is not closely related. An accurate taxonomy of the genus will almost certainly require considerable genetic analysis. The nomenclature for each species is herein established by complete synonymies, and lectotypes for both N. atramentosa and N. melanotragus are selected.

Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig 1841) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae): a complex of species or a single but very variable species?

The status of Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig 1841), the only species in this genus with the radial cell partially open along the wing margin, is discussed. A complete synonymy list, redescription, morphological variability and some biological peculiarities of P. villosa are given. After studying numerous specimens from different countries from all continents, we concluded that this species is either very variable or might be a complex of sibling species. Auloxysta tarsata Belizin 1973, is a new synonym of P. villosa and P. dolichocera (Cameron 1889) was re-established as a valid species.