Complete Automation System Research Articles

Apache Spark a Big Data Analytics Platform for Smart Grid

Abstract Smart grid is a complete automation system, where large pool of sensors is embedded in the existing power grids system for controlling and monitoring it by utilizing modern information technologies. The data collected from these sensors are huge and have all the characteristics to be called as Big Data. The Smart-grid can be made more intelligent by processing and deriving new information from these data in real time. This paper presents Apache spark as a unified cluster computing platform which is suitable for storing and performing Big Data analytics on smart grid data for applications like automatic demand response and real time pricing.

Uses of Cluster Computing Techniques to Perform Big Data Analytics for Smart Grid Automation System

Smart grid is a complete automation system, where large pool of sensors is embedded in the existing power grids system for controlling and monitoring it by utilizing modern information technologies. The data collected from these sensors are huge and have all the characteristics to be called as Big Data. The Smart-grid can be made more intelligent by processing and deriving new information from these data in real time. This paper presents Apache spark as a unified cluster computing platform which is suitable for storing and performing Big Data analytics on smart grid data for applications like automatic demand response and real time pricing.

Directions of Automation Development in Polish Mining Companies

In recent years we can observe changes in Polish hard coal mining companies, first of all, dictated by the demand to maintain competitiveness of coal on Polish and global markets of ores. This thesis requires searching for cutting the costs on each and all levels, also by means of transformation of property and by organizational changes, in order to create effective management and activity structures and to establish technologies of exploitation which depend on geological conditions, level of productiveness, and effectiveness in using the existing infractructure of machines and equipment by measn of reducing the standstills caused by breakdowns and operational actions. In order to perform correct economical and financial analyses and make corrections of organizational and technological activities the fundamental formula of efficiency evaluation of the performed actions become the principles of economic controlling of technological processes, which refer the costs to the places in which they are generated,. These problems however are beyond the frames of this article, which concentrates on the efforts to determine the elements of automatics and construction of complete automation systems as the tools supporting the management of contemporary mining company in conditions of free market. We are at the same time aware of gradual technical changes needed in the existing plants, without imposing of additional standstills or temporary decrease of safety level.

COST ASPECTS OF PLANT AUTOMATION – COST OF OWNERSHIP

At a first glance low cost automation could be regarded as cheap hardware (sensors, actuators and controller). That is of course an important point to consider. But today we are looking for a cost effective life cycle of an automation system: design, production, operation, maintenance, refitting or recycling, and also human skill are important factors to consider. Despite relative expensive components the complete automation system can be cost effective with respect to operation and maintenance. The contribution exemplifies these considerations on automation systems in plants.

Manufacturing with low cost automation

Low cost automation could be regarded as cheap hardware with a low performance. But the cost effective life cycle of an automation system: design, production, operation, maintenance, refitting, and human skill has to be considered. Despite relative expensive components the complete automation system can be cheap with respect to operation and maintenance. As examples are discussed numerical controls of machine tools embedded in a work organization with a flat hierarchy, shop floor control with distributed information processing and decentralized decision making and retrofitting of automation systems. Low Cost Automation is a cross sectional area benefiting from methodologies and developments of other fields of automatic control.

Total Automation System for Paper Making Plant

“Open Networks”, “Multimedia”, “IT”, all these are keywords to describe the recent trends in the automation of production facilities, which have provided for a more centralized management of complete plants. In the paper industry. Distributed Control Systems (DCS), Quality Control Systems (QCS), Drive Systems, and Maintenance Management Systems, are widely used, each of these being delivered by specialized vendors.This multitude of systems with different hardware, software and diverse engineering tools constrict the efficient use of resources in running a paper plant.Siemens demonstrated a way to solve these issues by providing a complete automation system based on a unified hardware base and only one kind of HMI. Yaskawa Siemens has developed technologies to support maintenance and diagnosis of equipment in the paper industry by remote monitoring systems via telephone or ADSL-connection.

An automated flow calorimeter for the determination of liquid and vapor isobaric heat capacities: Test results for water and n-pentane

An automated flow calorimeter has been developed for the measurement of highly accurate isobaric heat capacities and enthalpies of fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures. The instrument was successfully tested over the range 300–600 K and 0–12 MPa and is readily extensible to 700 K and 30 MPa. The flow calorimeter relied on an adiabatic design with a two-chambered cell design incorporating several concentric shells of active and passive shields designed to minimize heat losses, facilitate easy component replacement, and eliminate any external temperature regulation baths. A pair of miniature standard platinum resistance thermometers were built to determine the differential calorimeter temperatures. A precision metering pump eliminated the need for direct mass flow-rate determinations while a complete automation system supplied all of the required data acquisition, monitoring, and control (except for pressure) resources necessary to operate the calorimeter and make measurements from a single personal computer. Measurements of isobaric heat capacities were performed on water (liq.) and n-pentane (liq. and vap.) to test the new calorimeter. These experiments compared well with the published values, indicating an overall measurement precision of 0.1% and uncertainty in the range of 0.2%–0.3%. The total calorimeter heat leak was small affecting the experimental uncertainty as much as the combined mass flow-rate and calorimeter temperature difference errors.

An automated flow calorimeter for heat capacity and enthalpy measurements

An automated flow calorimeter has been developed for the measurement of heat capacity and latent enthalpies of fluids at elevated temperatures (300–700 K) and pressure (<30M Pa) with a design accuracy of 0.1%. The method of measurement is the traditional electrical power input flow calorimeter, utilizing a precision metering pump, which eliminates the need for flow-rate monitoring. The calorimeter cell uses a unique concentric coil design with passive metal radiation shields and active guard heaters to minimize heat leakage, eliminate the traditional constant-temperature bath, and facilitate easy component replacement. An additional feature of the instrument is a complete automation system, greatly simplifying operation of the apparatus. A novel multitasking software scheme allows a single microcomputer simultaneously to control all system temperatures, provide continuous monitoring and updates on system status, and log data. Preliminary results for liquid water mean heat capacities show the equipment to be performing satisfactorily, with data accuracies of better than ±0.3%. Minor equipment modifications and better thermometry are required to reduce systemic errors and to achieve the designed operational range.

A versatile low-cost automation system for an electro-ionization experiment

A cheap complete automation system designed for an electro-ionization experiment is described. This system is based on a Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer and a modular architecture. The control program and general building blocks diagrams are discussed and give a general idea of how to build modules or procedures adapted to different applications.