Complementary Shift Research Articles

How Do Students' Method of Solving Proofs Change When Working in Groups?

This study aimed to describe the shift in students’ mathematical arguments from working on a proof individually to working on it in a group. This descriptive-exploratory study used a qualitative approach. Nine undergraduate students from a private university in Jombang, Indonesia, in the 5th semester were the subjects of the study. They were selected because they had already learned the concepts of math logic, argumentation, the theory of numbers, and analysis. Hence, they were ready to construct arguments in dialogue and non-dialogue forms. A task of argumentation and an interview were used to collect data. The study had several stages. First, the students solved the given argumentation task individually. Second, they had to make small groups of 3 members and discuss the same task. The result found that four of them had a complementary shift in their arguments, while the other five students had a reconstructive shift in their views. The complementary change happened because they reconsidered their initial thoughts, complementing their previous thinking structure. On the other hand, the reconstructive shift occurred due to group discussion (i.e., dialogue), which made them reconstruct or even entirely change their previous thoughts. Furthermore, they initially used inductive reasoning and then shifted their reasoning to a deductive one.
 Keywords: Mathematical Argumentation, Proving, Reconstruct, Complementary shift, Reconstructive shift

Color Contrast Enhanced Rendering for Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays.

Most commercially available optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) utilize optical combiners to simultaneously visualize the physical background and virtual objects. The displayed images perceived by users are a blend of rendered pixels and background colors. Enabling high fidelity color perception in mixed reality (MR) scenarios using OST-HMDs is an important but challenging task. We propose a real-time rendering scheme to enhance the color contrast between virtual objects and the surrounding background for OST-HMDs. Inspired by the discovery of color perception in psychophysics, we first formulate the color contrast enhancement as a constrained optimization problem. We then design an end-to-end algorithm to search the optimal complementary shift in both chromaticity and luminance of the displayed color. This aims at enhancing the contrast between virtual objects and the real background as well as keeping the consistency with the original displayed color. We assess the performance of our approach using a simulated OST-HMD environment and an off-the-shelf OST-HMD. Experimental results from objective evaluations and subjective user studies demonstrate that the proposed approach makes rendered virtual objects more distinguishable from the surrounding background, thereby bringing a better visual experience.

Human Rights and Person Centered Medicine: The Need of the Hour

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognised that the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. Its Article 25 included the Right to Health and medical care. Nearly seventy years later, inspite of the undoubted improvements in global health, it is clear that relying on governments and the recourse to civil and legal rights is insufficent for the continuing improvement in global health and social care. A complementary paradigm shift to a more person and people centered approach is needed to secure universal access to health care and better use of current resources The main components of person centered medicine form the corner stone for successful medical treatment and care for all.

Who Hobbles after the Subject: Parables of Writing in <em>The Third Policeman</em> and <em>Molloy</em>

Negotiations of the modern subject by poststructuralist and disability studies call attention to a complementary shift that has not yet received due critical attention. The forfeiting of the conceit of agency and autonomy that define the Cartesian cogito results in the radical reconfiguration of the creative act. The disabled protagonists of Samuel Beckett's Molloy and Flann O'Brien's The Third Policeman dramatize a writing that is not the product of creative agency but is contingent, dependent, and in flux. The subject's relation to the act of writing is one of participation rather than control. Lennard J. Davis's concept of the "dismodernist subject" viewed alongside a discourse of supplementarity and exhaustion sheds light on the two authors' disparate treatments of disability and its relation to writing.

Establishment and effect assessment of complementary succession mode

Objective To explore the establishment and evaluation of various forms of complementary transfer. Methods The former method using the traditional handover method, the establishment of various forms of complementary shift model improved, including optimized bedside handover, handover of patients' bedsore image and barometer over emotional changes, establish WeChat group to observe improvement; the first two months (99 cases, monitoring 42 days) and the improvement after the six months (97 cases, monitoring 43 days) score of nurses for the patient to grasp, bedside shift time and transfer the missing information. Concrete research and implementation methods, research objects, sample size, measurement indicators, evaluation methods, etc. Results Both shift mode, there is no information on patients admitted to general statistical difference (P> 0.05); under complementary shift mode, nurse the patients' condition from the master score (80.95 ± 4.30) points increased to (84.88 ± 4.01) points, in which the patients' condition data mastery score from (40.81 ± 2.02) points increased to (44.16 ± 2.88) points, nursing problems and measures of control points value from (13.21 ± 1.54) points increased to (14.44 ± 1.72) points, the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.362, 6.209, 3.462, P 0.05). Bedside nurse shift change time decreased from former improvements (31.21 ± 2.63) minutes to (14.42 ± 2.40) minutes, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 30.767, P = 0.000). Shift nurse missing information dropped from 16 times to 7 times, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.124, P = 0.024). Conclusions Complementary model can reduce the insufficiency of current clinical succession work, help nurse master the patients' physical and mental conditions and more comprehensive understanding of the ward, reduce the omission or missing information and improve the working efficiency and responsibility. Key words: Nursing care; Complementary; Succession; Effect

Pretangles and neurofibrillary changes: Similarities and differences between AD and CBD based on molecular and morphological evolution

Pretangles are cytoplasmic tau immunoreactivity in neurons without apparent formation of fibrillary structures. In Alzheimer disease, such tau deposition is considered to represent a premature state prior to fibril formation (AD-pretangles), later to form neurofibrillary tangles and finally ghost tangles. This morphological evolution from pretangles to ghost tangles is in parallel with their profile shift from four repeat (4R) tau-positive pretangles to three repeat (3R) tau-positive ghost tangles with both positive neurofibrillary tangles in between. This complementary shift of tau profile from 4R to 3R suggests that these tau epitopes are represented interchangeably along tangle evolution. Similar tau immunoreactivity without fibril formation is also observed in corticobasal degeneration (CBD-pretangles). CBD-pretangles and AD-pretangles share: (i) selective 4R tau immunoreactivity without involvement of 3R tau; and (ii) argyrophilia with Gallyas silver impregnation. However, CBD-pretangles neither evolve into ghost tangles nor exhibit 3R tau immunoreactivity even at the advanced stage. Because electron microscopic studies on these pretangles are quite limited, it remains to be clarified whether such differences in later evolution are related to their primary ultrastructures, potentially distinct between AD and CBD. As double staining for 3R and 4R tau clarified complementary shift from 4R to 3R tau along evolution from pretangles to ghost tangles, double immunoelectron microscopy, if possible, may clarify similar profile shifts in relation to each tau fibril at the ultrastructural dimension. This will provide a unique viewpoint on how molecular (epitope) representations are related to pathogenesis of fibrillary components.

The limitation of species range: A consequence of searching along resource gradients

Ecological modelers have long puzzled over the spatial distribution of species. The random walk or diffusive approach to dispersal has yielded important results for biology and mathematics, yet it has been inadequate in explaining all phenomenological features. Ranges can terminate non-smoothly absent a complementary shift in the characteristics of the environment. Also unexplained is the absence of a species from nearby areas of adequate, or even abundant, resources. In this paper, I show how local searching behavior–keyed to a density-dependent fitness–can limit the speed and extent of a species’ spread. In contrast to standard diffusive processes, pseudo-rational movement facilitates the clustering of populations. It also can be used to estimate the speed of an expanding population range, explain expansion stall, and provides a mechanism by which a population can colonize seemingly removed regions — biogeographic islands in a continental framework. Finally, I discuss the effect of resource degradation and different resource impact/utilization curves on the model.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Awaits Its “Killer App”

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) could drive a paradigm shift in diabetes care, but realization of this promise awaits a complementary shift in the way CGM data is used. The most exciting use for CGM is as the input for automated, closed-loop glucose control. Although first generation CGM devices leave much room for improvement, closed-loop control does not have to wait. Algorithms should target blood glucose levels above the normal range for safety in the setting of imperfect CGM measurements. If the mean glucose under closed-loop control is sufficiently close to the chosen target, hemoglobin A1c goals could be met while minimizing risk of hypoglycemia. CGM may also improve the care of intensive care unit patients treated with intensive insulin therapy and the large numbers of diabetic patients in general hospital wards.

Thiophene Oligomer and NTCDI Semiconductors with High Field-effect Transistor On/off Ratios

Organic semiconductors are of continued interest for low-cost display drivers and logic elements. Field-effect transistors (FETs) with organic semiconductor channels have been fabricated in arrays to drive electrophoretic display pixels[1] and polymer dispersed liquid crystals (http://www.research.philips.com/pressmedia/releases/000901a.html). Complementary logic elements and shift registers containing hundreds of organic-based FETs have been produced[2], and high-speed organic circuits have been fabricated on polyester substrates.[3] The source and drain electrodes of individual FETs have been patterned using microcontact printing and inkjet methods[4] to give extraordinary aspect ratios. Inorganic[5] and hybrid[6] materials have been deposited as FET semiconductors using the methods of “organic electronics”. Organic FET channels have been harnessed to demonstrate ambipolar transport[7], chemical sensitivity[8], superconductivity[9], and electrically pumped lasers[10].

A Regularly Structured Parallel Multiplier with Low‐power Non‐binary‐logic Counter Circuits

A highly regular parallel multiplier architecture along with the novel low‐power, high‐performance CMOS implementation circuits is presented. The superiority is achieved through utilizing a unique scheme for recursive decomposition of partial product matrices and a recently proposed non‐binary arithmetic logic as well as the complementary shift switch logic circuits.The proposed 64×64‐b parallel multiplier possesses the following distinct features: (1) generating 64 8×8‐b partial product matrices instead of a single large one; (2) comprising only four stages of bit reductions: first, by 8×8‐b small parallel multipliers, then, by small parallel counters in each of the remaining three stages. A family of shift switch parallel counters, including non‐binary (6, 3)∗ and complementary (k, 2) for 2 ≤ k ≤ 8, are proposed for the efficient bit reductions; (3) using a simple final adder.The non‐binary logic operates 4‐bit state signals (representing integers ranging from (0 to 3), where no more than half of the signal bits are subject to value‐change at any logic stage. This and others including minimum transistor counts, fewer inverters, and low‐leakage logic structure, significantly reduce circuit power dissipation.

The Proton NMR Assignment of 1-Aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic Acid

Abstract The two sets of diastereomeric hydrogen atoms cis and trans to the carboxylate of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were differentiated by a 1H-nmr study. The measurement of the 1H-nmr spectrum of ACC at pH 3.8 during the successive addition of non-chiral lanthanide reagents such as Eu(NO3)3, Pr(NO3)3 or Gd(NO3)3 demonstrated that the hydrogen atoms cis to the carboxylate function of ACC resonate at δ=1.42 and that the hydrogen atoms trans to the carboxylate function of ACC resonate at δ=1.20. The mono-substituted cyclopropanes, cyclo-propanecarboxylic acid (CPC) and cyclopropyl-amine (CPA) were used in complementary lanthanide-reagent shift titrations along with the back titration of an ACC-Eu+++ complex with DCl to further substantiate the assignment. This assignment allows for the non-destructive, nonisotopic diluting analysis of various biosynthetically derived deuterated ACC's formed from the corresponding deuterated S-adenosyl-L-methionine.

Medium-sized cyclophanes. XX. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance of cyclophanes: p-orbital compression shift and orbital deformation

The 13C nmr spectra of [2.2]meta-, metapara-, and paracyclophanes were determined. By comparing the chemical shifts with those of acyclic models two types of anomalies were revealed.(1) Bridging methylene carbon resonances for [2.2]metacyclophanes having an alkyl group ortho to the bridge were shifted upfield as a result of van der Waals' compression. The upfield shift is much larger (5–12 ppm) for cyclophanes than for models (2–4 ppm) reflecting the rigid nature of the molecular geometry of the former.(2) Interestingly, inner aryl carbon resonances in [2.2]metacyclophanes and protonated aryl carbon resonances in [2.2]paracyclophanes were shifted downfield by 6–7 ppm. The complementary upfield shift of uncompressed atoms, hydrogen or carbon, connected to those carbons was also noticed. The downfield shift of compressed sp2 carbon results from interaction between two p-orbitals along the same orbital axis, p-orbital compression, and is attributable to decreased electron density.

Complementary lowering of the behavioural and physiological thermoregulatory set-points by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin in the cat.

1. Injections of tetrodotoxin or saxitoxin (25 ng in 0.10 ml.) into a lateral cerebral ventricle caused deep body temperature of cats to fall approximately the same amount (2 degrees C) whether the animals were resting in the cold (4 degrees C) or were responding to escape heat.2. Continuous exposure to heat either prevented the hypothermic response or enhanced the level of tachypnoea required to lower body temperature. Tetrodotoxin also caused hypothermia when an animal was lever pressing to obtain heat in the cold environment.3. These results provide evidence that agents which alter the set-point for physiological thermoregulatory activity produce a complementary shift in the behavioural set-point as well.

Thin-film circuits for scanning image-sensor arrays

Integrated circuits for scanning a photosensitive array at standard television scan rates have been fabricated by evaporated thin-film techniques. These include: 1) A 264-stage parallel-output complementary shift register with a driver stage at each output. 2) A 256-output transistor decoder with video coupling circuits for scanning an array with line storage. A single line of 256 photoconductordiode elements has been included on the same substrate with the decoder. The complementary shift register has been demonstrated to operate at clock frequencies up to 100 kHz. The integrated decoder and line sensor, when driven by two external 16-stage shift registers, has been operated successfully with line storage at frequencies up to 4.8 MHz.