Complementary Science Research Articles

The Immunology - Ayurveda Perspective

Introduction: Immunity can be defined as the ability of the human body to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage tissues and organs. Ayurveda, one of the oldest health sciences has its perspectives and practices on immunology delineated under the heads of Vyadhikshmatwa (tolerance against disease), Ojas (the quintessence of all bodily tissues that is responsible for natural bio-strength, vitality and immunity), Bala (strength), and Vikaravighata Bhavas (disease-resisting factors). Materials and Methods: For the present review, the materials were collected from the Ayurvedic literature, including the three major classical texts Brihatrayees Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Samgraha and Ashtanga Hridaya, and their important commentaries by Chakrapani, Arunadutta, Hemadri, Indu, and Dalhana. Information from the current scientific literature, articles published in PubMed, and authentic webpages has also been incorporated into this study. Subsequently, an independent analysis of immunology from Ayurvedic classical texts is presented in this review. Discussion: Ayurvedic compendia have vividly described the perspectives and practices of immunity and the promotion of disease-resisting factors. In addition to being the repository of age-old medical practices and the treasure trove of herbal drugs, the immunomodulatory effects of these diseaseresisting factors hold up even when bridging with new models based on modern science and technology. Conclusion: Rather than being a complementary science, Ayurveda is enriched with the concepts and practices of immunology. In order to free humanity from the grip of infections, it is important to explore the standalone and integrative aspects of science now.

Protein structure prediction from the complementary science perspective.

A comparative analysis between two problems-apparently unrelated-which are solved in a period of ~400 years, viz., the accurate prediction of both the planetary orbits and the protein structures, leads to inferred conjectures that go far beyond the existence of a common path in their resolution, i.e., observation → pattern recognition → modeling. The preliminary results from this analysis indicate that complementary science, together with a new perspective on protein folding, may help us discover common features that could contribute to a more in-depth understanding of still-unsolved problems such as protein folding.

Materials challenges for successful roll-out of commercial fusion reactors

As members of the UK fusion community (covering national laboratories, academia and industry), we approached various colleagues to put together articles for this special issue of the Journal of Physics: Energy covering the materials challenges through to successful roll-out of fusion reactors. This paper serves to introduce the special issue and gives our opinion on the key challenges, many of which are covered in more detail in the submitted papers. Others may have differing opinions about what the key challenges are, but what we will all agree on is that they are substantial and will require sizeableresources to be addressed. Further, while we are all UK-based, all humankind will benefit from successful commercial roll-out of fusion for energy production, and the effort has been and will continue to be global. Fusion has entered the engineering era. Moving from plasma science to experiments demonstrating the benefits of modified torus shapes and advanced divertor geometries, the ‘field’ has become an ‘industry’. Investors now focus on whether superconducting magnet joints are feasible in large tokamak designs and how to deliver net energy to the grid. As with all technology trajectories, materials (both structural and functional) are the key enablers. For fusion materials, the three major challenges remain resilience to the combined damaging effects of tritium, transmutation and neutron bombardment (a veritable ‘triple whammy’), achieving suitable irradiation strategies for adequate damage studies (with optimal use of modelling as complementary science) and defining material safety and waste guidance in an era of evolving regulation. In the following, we highlight issues around ‘the triple whammy’, the resulting need for testing facilities and modelling proxies, and aspects of regulating materials in, and waste generated from, operating fusion reactors.

Pelatihan Video Shooting & Editing Untuk Santri Muda Pondok Pesantren Tahfizhul Qur'an Tajul Qurani

Religious education is the foundation for every human being. Islamic education is not only a complementary science, but it should be a basic science in living the life of Muslims and Muslim women. Some people on their own initiative and together with their groups feel the lack of religious knowledge in formal schools. Therefore, the emergence of Islamic Boarding Schools and Tahfidz Houses, especially in Pekanbaru, can become Al-Qur'an Educational Institutions and Islamic Da'wah / Study Institutions for the community, especially for early childhood. Tahfizhul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School Tajul Qurani is a boarding school to practice reading the Qur'an and Da'wah / Islamic Studies, initially only accepted female students, but with more and more enthusiasts who want to learn, partners also open classes for boys. Partners want to expand the symbols of Learning to read the Qur'an and Islamic Studies more broadly, namely through the YouTube channel. Partners have a lack of knowledge about how to document with video-shooting & editing media as well as effective ways to upload videos to YouTube. The target to be achieved is for partners to understand how to video-shooting & edit which will later be published through the partner's YouTube channel, and the outputs to be achieved are community learning services, reports, and scientific articles (journals)

Parent and Sibling Science Support for Latinx Adolescents

Although previous literature indicates that parents and siblings each provide key support for Latinx adolescents’ academic success, most studies have not considered how parents and siblings work as a system to support adolescents in science. Informed by theories on family systems and family influence on youth’s achievement and education, this study aimed to (a) identify what Latinx adolescents believed were the most helpful ways that parents and siblings supported them in science, and (b) explore whether family science support varied based on parents’ science education. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews from 90 Latinx adolescents (mean age = 15.54 years; 38% girls; 84% born in the U.S.) were analyzed using inductive and deductive approaches. We found that parents and siblings supported Latinx adolescents in science through various home-based strategies: active engagement (classwork help and monitoring), academic socialization (encouragement, conversations about the future, and advice) and providing resources (material and social resources). Adolescents mentioned their older siblings were particularly helpful in providing class-specific support based on the science classes that they had previously taken. Additionally, our findings suggest that siblings relied more on classwork help from only older siblings in families where parents did not take any high school science classes compared to families where parents took some high school science classes. Overall, this study highlights the complementary science support that parents and siblings provide Latinx adolescents and the valuable role that siblings can play in Latinx families when parents have limited science education.

Testing the Functional Training in the Military Pentathlon at the 50 M Race with Obstacles

Abstract Nowadays sports success has become more than improving technique, medicine has long been a complementary science technology that improved sports performance. In our study we analyzed the importance of functional training in the military pentathlon at the 50 m swimming with obstacles. The scientific methods used were the observation method and also the experiment method in which we tested two samples of military students both consisted in 30 students with the age between 18-22 years old, the first group were the experiment group that practice the military pentathlon and the second group – the control group – were simple military students. The results showed significant statistical differences between the experiment group compared with the control group at the final testing, the students from the experiment group had better results in the respiratory rate and vital capacity both compared with the control group and also between the initial and final test. Conclusions of the research showed that the training program implemented at the experiment group has improved significant from the initial to the final test and also compared with the control group.

Attachment and the archive: barriers and facilitators to the use of historical sociology as complementary developmental science.

This article explores historical sociology as a complementary source of knowledge for scientific research, considering barriers and facilitators to this work through reflections on one project. This project began as a study of the emergence and reception of the infant disorganized attachment classification, introduced in the 1980s by Ainsworth's student Mary Main, working with Judith Solomon. Elsewhere I have reported on the findings of collaborative work with attachment researchers, without giving full details of how this came about. Here, I will offer personal reflections arising from the process, and my work in what Hasok Chang has called history as "complementary science."

MOTIVATION AND SCIENCE PROCESSES OF THE 11TH GRADE CHEMISTRY STUDENTS: ANALYTICAL STUDY AT BATINAH NORTH PROVINCE THE SULTANATE OF OMAN

This quantitative study aims to discuss the motivation and level of science operations among chemistry students in the 11th grade in Al Batinah Governorate, north of the Sultanate of Oman. Where the researcher noted a weakness in the ability of students to perform practical tests, because of the weakness of the student in the basic concepts of science operations. The presence of this vulnerability was confirmed after a survey conducted by the science experiments test. Results were below the educational level (60%). This study adopted the descriptive quantitative approach; the study sample consisted of (13) teachers and teachers of chemistry and (28) students. The tools of the study included three measures: a measure of student motivation towards learning, which will be of three axes: the axis of tendencies and trends, the axis of challenge, and the axis of curiosity. The scale of science operations consists of: prediction, conclusion and complementary science skills, such as: the skill of interpretation and experimentation, the control of variables, and the imposition of hypotheses. And a questionnaire for teachers on the motivation of students and the level of science operations.

Attachment and autism spectrum conditions: Exploring Mary Main's coding notes.

Distinguishing autism spectrum behaviors from behaviors relating to disorganized attachment can be challenging. There is, for instance, a notable overlap between both conditions in terms of behaviors deemed stereotypical. In addition, there are also similarities regarding some atypical social overtures. Responding to this overlap has been the subject for much debate in the literature. Disorganized attachment was first introduced and conceptualized by the attachment researcher, Mary Main. Main is considered the leading authority on coding this phenomenon. During the course of archival research, we obtained Main's notes on coding attachment in a group of 15 children with autism spectrum conditions (hereafter ASC). Drawing on these texts, this article explores Main's reasoning when making distinctions between ASC and attachment at the behavioral level. Our approach is informed by Chang's argument for the potential of "history as complementary science." Analysis indicates that, for Main, frequency and timing were important differential factors when attributing a behavior to either ASC or the child's attachment pattern.

Physics Potential of a Radio Surface Array at the South Pole

A surface array of radio antennas will enhance the performance of the IceTop array and enable new, complementary science goals. First, the accuracy for cosmic-ray air showers will be increased since the radio array provides a calorimetric measurement of the electromagnetic component and is sensitive to the position of the shower maximum. This enhanced accuracy can be used to better measure the mass composition, to search for possible mass-dependent anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays, and for more thorough tests of hadronic interaction models. Second, the sensitivity of the radio array to inclined showers will increase the sky coverage for cosmic-ray measurements. Third, the radio array can be used to search for PeV photons from the Galactic Center. Since IceTop is planned to be enhanced by a scintillator array in the near future, a radio extension sharing the same infrastructure can be installed with minimal additional effort and excellent scientific prospects. The combination of ice-Cherenkov, scintillation, and radio detectors at IceCube will provide unprecedented accuracy for the study of highenergy Galactic cosmic rays.

A Scintillator and Radio Enhancement of the IceCube Surface Detector Array

An upgrade of the present IceCube surface array (IceTop) with scintillation detectors and possibly radio antennas is foreseen. The enhanced array will calibrate the impact of snow accumulation on the reconstruction of cosmic-ray showers detected by IceTop as well as improve the veto capabilities of the surface array. In addition, such a hybrid surface array of radio antennas, scintillators and Cherenkov tanks will enable a number of complementary science targets for IceCube such as enhanced accuracy to mass composition of cosmic rays, search for PeV photons from the Galactic Center, or more thorough tests of the hadronic interaction models. Two prototype stations with 7 scintillation detectors each have been already deployed at the South Pole in January 2018. These R&D studies provide a window of opportunity to integrate radio antennas with minimal effort.

Research progress of aromatherapy in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting for cancers

As a complementary alternative medical science, the role of aromatherapy in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is receiving increasing attention. This paper reviewed the definition and application of aromatherapy, the aromatic substances and mechanisms that have therapeutic effects on CINV, and the application effects and adverse reactions of aromatherapy in CINV. This paper also pointed out the problems existing in aromatherapy and its future direction. Key words: Review; Aromatherapy; Chemotherapy; Nausea; Vomiting

Leisure and positive psychology: Complementary science for health and well-being

Presents an overview of the articles appearing in The Journal of Positive Psychology's special issue on Leisure as well as a summary of the overlap between positive psychology and leisure studies.

Quality Matters for Historical Plastics: The Past-Making of Cellulose Nitrates for Future Preservation

The material degradation of an historical artifact through chemical breakdown may place the object at the end of its useful heritage “life” in terms of aesthetic value and appearance. But all is not lost in the ephemeral world of historical synthetic plastics. The chemical analyses of degraded cellulose nitrate artifacts have unlocked material clues that not only help explain stability variations to guide collection care and preservation, but also bring insight into past manufacturing materials, methods and quality control during production. Translating the industrial materials of a degrading artifact by understanding its past to inform its future can revive it with a new cultural significance, and engages heritage scientists, historians and conservators in an innovative community of “complementary science” as defined by Hasok Chang (2004).

The PLATO Mission

AbstractWe present the current status of the PLATO space mission, which is currently in its design phase. A brief overview of its capabilities is given, after introducing the core science goals of the mission. We also present the amount of observing time offered to the community as Guest Observer program. This will allow a wealth of complementary science in many areas of astro‐physics, ranging from stellar to extragalactic science and covering variability phenomena with time scales from a few seconds to years.

Threshold learning outcomes for a microbiology major

The concept of National Guidelines for Microbiology Curricula was workshopped at the inaugural meeting of EduCon (the ASM Microbiology Educators’ Conference) in 2014. Subsequently, an ad hoc special working group was formed at the 2015 EduCon to formulate National Guidelines for the threshold learning outcomes of Australian undergraduate microbiology curricula. The group, through discussion and several iterations, developed draft threshold learning outcomes for microbiology majors based on the Science Learning and Teaching Academic Standards Statement and informed by the curricular guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology. In this context, microbiology is taken to mean study of any or all microorganisms. Collectively, the group agreed that a major in microbiology should demonstrate significant learning of the key concepts of microbiology (see Merkel et al .) at an advanced undergraduate level and recognised that there are diverse course structures that could enable this outcome. Commonly, the course structure would require completion of four units of microbiology at years 3 (single degree) or 3 and 4 (double degree) depending on the degree undertaken; however, one of these units could be replaced with a complementary science unit. A capstone unit of microbiology in which students demonstrate critical evaluation and synthesis of a microbiological topic should be included. These standards would necessitate that assessment tasks be linked to each of the learning outcomes and should show progressive development throughout the major. To help Australian academics validate that their students have reached these threshold learning outcomes, each subcategory will be progressively linked to curriculum learning resources that will be available with these guidelines at an EdSIG website hosted by the ASM. Additionally, a list of some current microbiology majors at Australian universities will provide examples of what subjects might be included in a microbiology major. The draft threshold learning outcomes were discussed and supported by the National Examinations and Qualifications Board of the ASM at their December, 2015 meeting and subsequently by National Council in February 2016. The draft threshold learning outcomes were then circulated to the state branches and to all members of EdSIG for comment. The threshold learning outcomes for a microbiology major presented here are the outcomes from these discussions. It is not the intent of EdSIG that ASM would accredit microbiology majors nor to exactly define curricula, but rather to give guidance to Australian academics on what ASM considers that a microbiology graduate should able to do whilst working professionally as a microbiologist.

The united innovation process: integrating science, design, and entrepreneurship as sub-processes

‘Innovation’ has become a buzzword in academic papers, news articles, and book titles, but it is variously defined and is often referred to as ‘invention’ or ‘design’. A consensus of understanding the interrelationships of the concepts and activities pertaining to innovation is needed to guide collective action for innovation. This paper proposes a united view of the innovation process, which advocates uniting the complementary (1) science, (2) design, and (3) entrepreneurship sub-processes of innovation. The shared creative, uncertain, and costly nature of these three processes also implies an opportunity to leverage design science to understand and guide the science and entrepreneurship processes. This paper describes the benefits, major challenges, and actionable strategies for uniting science, design, and entrepreneurship as sub-processes of innovation, with a few detailed real life examples. The variety of the cases and examples shows that science, design, and entrepreneurship sub-processes can be effectively united to different extents, within and across organizations and innovation ecosystems.

Science goals and mission concept for the future exploration of Titan and Enceladus

Saturn׳s moons, Titan and Enceladus, are two of the Solar System׳s most enigmatic bodies and are prime targets for future space exploration. Titan provides an analogue for many processes relevant to the Earth, more generally to outer Solar System bodies, and a growing host of newly discovered icy exoplanets. Processes represented include atmospheric dynamics, complex organic chemistry, meteorological cycles (with methane as a working fluid), astrobiology, surface liquids and lakes, geology, fluvial and aeolian erosion, and interactions with an external plasma environment. In addition, exploring Enceladus over multiple targeted flybys will give us a unique opportunity to further study the most active icy moon in our Solar System as revealed by Cassini and to analyse in situ its active plume with highly capable instrumentation addressing its complex chemistry and dynamics. Enceladus׳ plume likely represents the most accessible samples from an extra-terrestrial liquid water environment in the Solar system, which has far reaching implications for many areas of planetary and biological science. Titan with its massive atmosphere and Enceladus with its active plume are prime planetary objects in the Outer Solar System to perform in situ investigations. In the present paper, we describe the science goals and key measurements to be performed by a future exploration mission involving a Saturn–Titan orbiter and a Titan balloon, which was proposed to ESA in response to the call for definition of the science themes of the next Large-class mission in 2013. The mission scenario is built around three complementary science goals: (A) Titan as an Earth-like system; (B) Enceladus as an active cryovolcanic moon; and (C) Chemistry of Titan and Enceladus – clues for the origin of life. The proposed measurements would provide a step change in our understanding of planetary processes and evolution, with many orders of magnitude improvement in temporal, spatial, and chemical resolution over that which is possible with Cassini–Huygens. This mission concept builds upon the successes of Cassini–Huygens and takes advantage of previous mission heritage in both remote sensing and in situ measurement technologies.

Using ISS telescopes for electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational wave detections of NS-NS and NS-BH mergers

The International Space Station offers a unique platform for rapid and inexpensive deployment of space telescopes. A scientific opportunity of great potential later this decade is the use of telescopes for the electromagnetic follow-up of ground-based gravitational wave detections of neutron star and black hole mergers. We describe this possibility for OpTIIX, an ISS technology demonstration of a 1.5 m diffraction limited optical telescope assembled in space, and ISS-Lobster, a wide-field imaging X-ray telescope now under study as a potential NASA mission. Both telescopes will be mounted on pointing platforms, allowing rapid positioning to the source of a gravitational wave event. Electromagnetic follow-up rates of several per year appear likely, offering a wealth of complementary science on the mergers of black holes and neutron stars.

Exploring Hybrid Instruction in Science: Using LMS for Contextual, Interdisciplinary Active Learning Enrichment

Learning Management Systems are instructional platforms that offer opportunities to address the development of core competencies across disciplines. The emergence of instructional models which place greater emphasis on core skill development in science education help to build interdisciplinary communities through curricular connectivity and complementary contextual learning applications. Herein we report on an interconnected core concept and skills approach combining the blended structured use of the Learning Management System (LMS) with a core curricular context for biology and chemistry content. This hybrid was applied to the entry chemistry course for science majors. The threefold interconnected biology-chemistry core concept umbrella areas are Chemical Identity/Matter Classification, the Mole Concept, and Energy. A web-facilitated pedagogy was utilized for the complementary entry-level biological science course. The results provide preliminary evidence of the potential of this instructional approach as a means to both build interdisciplinary community in STEM education and innovate instruction for improved learning outcomes.