Complementary Objectives Research Articles

A Comparative Review of Metadata, Communication, Content, and Digital Preservation Standards in Modern Libraries

In the dynamic landscape of the digital era, libraries have transitioned from static repositories of print materials to advanced hubs of digital innovation and knowledge dissemination. This transformative shift, fueled by the integration of sophisticated Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), underscores the necessity for robust, universally recognized standards to manage, organize, and preserve information effectively. The foundational pillars of these modern libraries—metadata, communication, content, and digital preservation standards—are pivotal in ensuring operational excellence and global relevance. Metadata standards, such as MARC and Dublin Core, provide essential frameworks for resource description and discovery, facilitating consistency and enabling seamless interoperability across diverse platforms. Communication standards like Z39.50 and OAI-PMH enhance efficient information exchange between disparate library systems, fostering global collaboration and resource sharing. Content standards, exemplified by RDA and AACR2, offer structured guidelines for resource classification, ensuring uniformity and accessibility. Equally critical, digital preservation standards such as OAIS and PREMIS address the challenges of safeguarding digital assets against technological obsolescence, ensuring their long-term usability and reliability. This article embarks on a comparative analysis of these foundational standards, delving into their theoretical constructs, practical applications, and interdependencies. By elucidating their unique attributes and collective impact, this study highlights their indispensable role in equipping libraries to meet the demands of an increasingly digital, data-intensive, and interconnected global society. A meticulous examination of metadata and communication standards reveals their roles in enhancing resource discoverability and enabling efficient data exchange, respectively. The comparison extends to content management and digital preservation standards, underscoring their distinct yet complementary objectives in organizing, accessing, and ensuring the longevity of digital content. Global practices and interdependencies of these standards are explored, emphasizing their influence on shaping library management and information systems worldwide. By adopting best practices, including the implementation of global metadata standards, leveraging metadata crosswalks for seamless integration, and adopting open, future-proof file formats, libraries can enhance resource accessibility, ensure interoperability, and safeguard digital content. The adoption of global standards in metadata, communication, content, and digital preservation is pivotal for modern libraries. These standards not only enhance resource access and interoperability but also ensure the preservation of digital content for future generations. Overcoming challenges related to technological integration and international collaboration will be crucial in sustaining digital information and fostering global cooperation in the library and information science field.

Impact of Music Expression-Related Parameters on Pianists’ Kinematics and Muscle Activity: A Systematic Review

Bodily gestures are essential in piano performance. They allow sound production and, at the same time, facilitate the communication of the expressive content of music. From pianists’ perspective, music expression-related parameters include not only single performance parameters (timing, sound intensity, articulation, etc.), but also more complex parameters (named hereafter abstract parameters), such as music structure features (e.g., phrasing) and extra-musical ideas (e.g., emotions, narratives, etc.). This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of both performance and abstract parameters related to music expression on kinematics and muscle activity of expert pianists. As complementary objectives, we documented ontological and methodological differences between the studies included, and we addressed how music expression-related parameters affect pianists’ exposure to risk factors of injuries. The search strategy consisted of using concepts and keywords in Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases, and we followed the PRISMA guidelines. Sixteen studies were included. Eleven studies focused on performance parameters, four studies focused on abstract parameters, and one study addressed both performance and abstract parameters. Performance and abstract music expression-related parameters impacted pianists’ kinematics and muscle activity in a variety of ways. The specific effects were dependent on the type of task and the gestural variable investigated by studies. Important differences in ontological (performance or abstract parameters studied, gestural variable investigated) and methodological choices (experimental task and instrument used, data acquisition and processing procedures) prevent the establishment of a thorough dialogue between music research studies and biomechanics and motor control studies. A set of performance parameters (playing loud, playing fast, staccato articulation, large handspan chords) were identified as potential risk factors of injuries. Further interdisciplinary research mixing methods from empirical music research and biomechanics would help enhance knowledge on the impact of music expression on pianists’ gestures for both performance and injury prevention purposes.

WeARTolerance: Evaluating the impact of an arts-based program to reduce mental health-related stigma in young people.

The stigma surrounding mental health remains a significant barrier to help-seeking and well-being in youth populations. The invisibility of mental health issues highlights the critical need for improved knowledge and stigma reduction, underscoring the urgency of tackling this issue. Arts-based interventions have shown promise in addressing stigma, yet comprehensive longitudinal studies in community settings are limited. This research evaluates the "WeARTolerance'' arts-based program in reducing mental health stigma among diverse youths. The program integrated psychoeducational and creative activities (e.g., visual arts, cinema, music, and theatre) to explore mental health themes, with 125 teenagers and young adult participants (M = 13.70; SD = 2.06). The present mixed-method study was split into two phases with complementary objectives: 1) evaluate quantitatively the program's impact in reducing social stigma and related outcomes; 2) explore in-depth qualitative feedback about the program. For the first phase, reliable self-report questionnaires were used to measure mental health knowledge, social stigma, intergroup anxiety, and social distance in pre-, post-, and 6-month follow-up periods. Participants' age and past psychiatric issues were fixed factors with random intercepts, and mixed effects models were used to analyze the attitudinal outcomes across time. In the second phase of this validation, nine teenagers aged between 12 and 16 participated in two focus groups conducted three months after the program. Its contents underwent thorough analysis using content analysis techniques. The quantitative results from Phase 1 demonstrated a decreasing trend in all primary outcomes. In phase 2, participants acknowledged the activities' relevance, reported overall satisfaction with the program, and showed great enthusiasm and willingness to learn more. Arts-based interventions like "WeARTolerance" are valuable for challenging stigma and fostering understanding in youth populations and provide an alternative and creative way to increase mental health literacy. The study proposes a program to reduce youth mental health stigma through arts-based elements, early intervention, and psychoeducation, involving collaborations between professionals and artists to promote youth engagement. Future studies should include indirect social contact and randomized controlled interventions.

The adoption non-adoption dichotomy: Why do smallholder producers dis-adopt improved chicken breeds?

Adopting agricultural technologies is crucial to improve productivity and livelihoods in developing countries. While much research has focused on adoption decisions, understanding dis-adoption, when farmers stop using technology, is equally important. Studies on agricultural technology adoption often treat dis-adopters (those who initially adopted but later discontinued to use) and never-adopters (those who never adopted) as the same, using binary models to analyze farmers' decisions. We argue that a better understanding of these decisions can be achieved by separately analyzing 'never-adoption', 'dis-adoption', and 'adoption.' Using nationally representative data from three African countries, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania, we developed a multinomial logit model to analyze the adoption of improved chicken breeds. Our findings show that dis-adopters of improved chicken are different from never-adopters. Factors associated with dis-adoption include gender and education of household heads, access to training and extension services, breeding and culling practices, access to markets, use of complementary inputs, production objectives, landholding size, income diversity, and access to finance. Policies and strategies that aim to enhance sustained adoption and use of improved chicken breeds should promote a bundle of technologies, including tailored training, women empowerment, locally adapted and farmer-preferred chicken breeds, complementary inputs and services, innovative marketing strategies, and delivery models for bundles of technologies.

Minimally Modified HIV-1 Infection of Macaques: Development, Utility, and Limitations of Current Models.

Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies that utilize simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to model human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection have proven to be powerful, highly informative research tools. However, there are substantial differences between SIV and HIV-1. Accordingly, there are numerous research questions for which SIV-based models are not well suited, including studies of certain aspects of basic HIV-1 biology, and pre-clinical evaluations of many proposed HIV-1 treatment, prevention, and vaccination strategies. To overcome these limitations of NHP models of HIV-1 infection, several groups have pursued the derivation of a minimally modified HIV-1 (mmHIV-1) capable of establishing pathogenic infection in macaques that authentically recapitulates key features of HIV-1 in humans. These efforts have focused on three complementary objectives: (1) engineering HIV-1 to circumvent species-specific cellular restriction factors that otherwise potently inhibit HIV-1 in macaques, (2) introduction of a C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-tropic envelope, ideally that can efficiently engage macaque CD4, and (3) correction of gene expression defects inadvertently introduced during viral genome manipulations. While some progress has been made toward development of mmHIV-1 variants for use in each of the three macaque species (pigtail, cynomolgus, and rhesus), model development progress has been most promising in pigtail macaques (PTMs), which do not express an HIV-1-restricting tripartite motif-containing protein 5 α (TRIM5α). In our work, we have derived a CCR5-tropic mmHIV-1 clone designated stHIV-A19 that comprises 94% HIV-1 genome sequence and replicates to high acute-phase titers in PTMs. In animals treated with a cell-depleting CD8α antibody at the time of infection, stHIV-A19 maintains chronically elevated plasma viral loads with progressive CD4+ T-cell loss and the development of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining clinical endpoints. However, in the absence of CD8α+ cell depletion, no mmHIV-1 model has yet displayed high levels of chronic viremia or AIDS-like pathogenesis. Here, we review mmHIV-1 development approaches, the phenotypes, features, limitations, and potential utility of currently available mmHIV-1s, and propose future directions to further advance these models.

Aproximación estadística al reparto de <b> y <v> en manuscritos latinos de autores hispanos

Abstract This paper studies the graphemes <b> and <u, v> in a corpus of medieval Latin manuscripts from the 8th to the 12th centuries, containing texts by three Hispanic writers: Isidore of Seville († 636), Braulio of Zaragoza († 651), and Ildefonso of Toledo († 667). The manuscripts written in Hispania are compared with those produced outside the Iberian Peninsula to extract data about the graphic distribution of <b> and <u/v> in the textual transmission. After data annotation and statistical processing, the results are analyzed with two complementary objectives. Firstly, the mentioned graphemes are studied as evidence of the geographical distribution of the geographical distribution of the velar semiconsonant and the sonorous bilabial stop, and their Romance outcomes. Secondly, the results contribute to the phonetic and graphic characterization of Hispanic medieval Latin in the context of the emergence of Romance languages.

Reimagining the university’s role in the health and well-being of the people it serves

Reimagining the university’s role in the health and well-being of the people it serves

SDGs and public health policies: implementing the S2D grid in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland.

Sustainable development goals (SDGs) and public health are often considered as separate policy fields, whereas there is a considerable potential in better coordinating their objectives and measures. Using an analytical grid (S2D grid) linking SDGs and public health objectives and comprising 6 thematic issues and 56 categories, the research team conducted an assessment of health promotion programs in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland. Their objective was to determine whether SDGs and public health concerns can translate into complementary policy objectives, and what was the level of achievement of Lausanne in terms of implementation, intersectoral collaboration and avoidance of redundancy, regarding the vast array of measures potentially dealing with SDGs and health promotion. Results show that measures implemented by Lausanne deal with 80% of categories included in the S2D grid, with a high level of intersectorality and a low level of redundancy. These results also emphasize the fact that linkages between SDGs and health promotion go well beyond the SDG 3 dedicated to 'good health and well-being', and that the S2D grid could be used as a tool in favor of organizational change, promoting the collaboration between stakeholders often reluctant to engage in public health policies.

ProtoMGAE: Prototype-Aware Masked Graph Auto-Encoder for Graph Representation Learning

Graph self-supervised representation learning has gained considerable attention and demonstrated remarkable efficacy in extracting meaningful representations from graphs, particularly in the absence of labeled data. Two representative methods in this domain are graph auto-encoding and graph contrastive learning. However, the former methods primarily focus on global structures, potentially overlooking some fine-grained information during reconstruction. The latter methods emphasize node similarity across correlated views in the embedding space, potentially neglecting the inherent global graph information in the original input space. Moreover, handling incomplete graphs in real-world scenarios, where original features are unavailable for certain nodes, poses challenges for both types of methods. To alleviate these limitations, we integrate masked graph auto-encoding and prototype-aware graph contrastive learning into a unified model to learn node representations in graphs. In our method, we begin by masking a portion of node features and utilize a specific decoding strategy to reconstruct the masked information. This process facilitates the recovery of graphs from a global or macro level and enables handling incomplete graphs easily. Moreover, we treat the masked graph and the original one as a pair of contrasting views, enforcing the alignment and uniformity between their corresponding node representations at a local or micro level. Last, to capture cluster structures from a meso level and learn more discriminative representations, we introduce a prototype-aware clustering consistency loss that is jointly optimized with the preceding two complementary objectives. Extensive experiments conducted on several datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significantly better or competitive performance on downstream tasks, especially for graph clustering, compared with the state-of-the-art methods, showcasing its superiority in enhancing graph representation learning.

A protocol for the annotation of evaluative stance and metaphor across four discourse genres

Abstract The present article contributes to research on evaluation by addressing two complementary objectives: first, we present a protocol for the identification and annotation of evaluation in English discourse and, second, we show the results of the implementation of the protocol in the annotation of evaluation in a sample of a corpus of four genres. We first describe the protocol by discussing the theoretical and methodological grounding of the annotation scheme, the criteria, the categories, the steps for the implementation of the protocol and an illustrative example of the application of the protocol to a short extract. We subsequently provide the preliminary results of a pilot study with the frequency of evaluative expressions across the four genres. Results show that while adjectives and non-metaphoric evaluative expressions are overall more frequent, there are differences regarding the preference for positive or negative value and regarding the frequency of function.

PLATO on the shoulders of TESS: analysing mono-transit planet candidates in TESS data as a prior knowledge for PLATO observations

ABSTRACT The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the upcoming mission PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) represent two space-based missions with complementary objectives in the field of exoplanet science. While TESS aims at detecting and characterizing exoplanets around bright and nearby stars on a relative short-period orbit, PLATO will discover a wide range of exoplanets including rocky planets within the habitable zones of their stars. We analyse mono-transit events in TESS data around stars that will or could be monitored by the PLATO mission, offering a unique opportunity to bridge the knowledge gap between the two missions and gain deeper insights into exoplanet demographics and system architectures. We found 48 TESS mono-transit events around stars contained in the all-sky PLATO Input Catalog; of these, at least four will be imaged on the first long-pointing PLATO field, LOPS2. We uniformly vetted this sample to rule out possible false positive detections thus removing 10 signals from the original sample. We developed an analytic method which allows us to estimate both the orbital period and inclination of a mono-transit planet candidate using only the shape of the transit. We derived the orbital period and inclination estimates for 30 TESS mono-transit planet candidates. Finally, we investigated whether these candidates are amenable targets for a CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite observing campaign.

Organ damage is a major determinant of work productivity impairment in Behçet's syndrome: a post hoc analysis of the BODI validation study.

To evaluate the prevalence, magnitude and potential determinants of work productivity impairment in patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS), focusing on the role of irreversible organ damage. A post hoc analysis of the BS Overall Damage Index (BODI) prospective validation study was performed. Demographics and clinical features were recorded in all patients. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: General Health (WPAI:GH) questionnaire was administered to assess the work limitation and the BODI to measure organ damage. The independent effect of BS features on WPAI:GH outcomes was evaluated by regression analysis. Of 148 patients, 34.5% were unemployed, with age [odds ratio (OR) 1.035] and BODI score (OR 1.313 for a 1-unit increase) as the only factors significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the unemployment state. Overall work impairment was reported in ≈64.2% of the employed patients. Indeed, 22.7% reported missing work hours due to their health (absenteeism), with a mean time loss of 34.4%, whereas 60.2% declared reduced performance at work because of their health (presenteeism), with a mean productivity impairment of 45.4%. Ocular damage was associated with absenteeism (β = 0.225); female sex (β = 0.260), physician global assessment of disease activity (β = 0.502) and an increased BODI score (β = 0.166 for 1-point increase) with presenteeism; and fibromyalgia (β = 0.246), Physician Global Assessment (β = 0.469) and musculoskeletal damage (β = 0.325) with overall work impairment. Disease activity and organ damage accrual remarkably affect work productivity in BS patients. Achieving remission and preventing damage accrual are crucial and complementary objectives.

Critical discursive psychology and visual displays of gender

ABSTRACT The growing presence of everyday visual materials, such as social media images and videos, raises new questions around the ways in which identities are made visible in contemporary contexts. ‘Visually informed’ critical discursive psychology can be productively leveraged to analyze the diverse intersections of visuality and gender in daily life. To guide future inquiries in this domain, a brief overview of discourse analysis, discursive psychology, and (visually informed) critical discursive psychology is provided. Applying this methodology to the study of gender, an explicit conceptualization of visual gender displays is detailed alongside complementary analytic objectives suitable for future inquiries. Lastly, three categories of visual features are outlined that could be attended to during close examinations of visual data, using extracts from a previous study to illustrate key points. To that end, scholars can visually investigate ‘micro’ level gender displays as they relate to ‘macro’ systems of inequality- grounded in a critical discursive psychology framework.

Sustainability in Sport: Sport, Part of the Problem … and of the Solution

Sport is one of the most popular social activities in the world. It is also one of the most thriving industries from an economic standpoint. The sport sector is at the crossroads of economic, political and social issues. For this reason, sport organisations have to consider sustainability as a major concern. When facing such major issues (environmental protection, social connections, the concern of business for society), sport can appear as the “most important insubstantial thing”. But it could be seen both as the best and the worst example in terms of sustainability. This article addresses two complementary objectives. The first one is to provide an overview of the current state of sustainability-in-sport research over the last 20 years and demonstrate how this field became a major topic in the last 10 years. This has been done through a systematic search of existing academic research concerning sustainability in sport. The second is to offer an explanation of how the field of sport currently manages different sustainability-related issues. This has been accomplished by interviewing an industry panel, which also gives some perspectives for the future.

Raising Citizen-Soldiers in Donbas: Russia's Role in Promoting Patriotic Education Programmes in the Donetsk and Luhansk Peoples’ Republics

This article examines the role of Russian officials, servicemen, veterans, and paramilitary organisations in coordinating patriotic education programmes in the Donetsk and Luhansk Peoples’ Republics (DNR/LNR) since 2014. Three complementary objectives underpin these programmes: first, indoctrinating youth to a worldview which promotes cultural assimilation into Russian society and denigrates Ukrainian statehood and identity; second, shoring up de facto authorities’ legitimacy by glorifying the DNR/LNR as fully-fledged states requiring protection from Ukraine and destined to be ‘reunited’ with Russia; third, building a training and recruitment mechanism to fill the ranks of ‘republican’ but also Russian military and security structures.

The Elusive Progress of Prosodical Study: Essays in Honor of Thomas Cable

The Elusive Progress of Prosodical Study: Essays in Honor of Thomas Cable

Cyber Efficiency and Cyber Resilience

Complementary objectives competing for the same resources.

Predictive Control for Current Distortion Mitigation in Mining Power Grids

Current distortion is a critical issue of power quality because the low frequency harmonics injected by adjustable speed drives increase heating losses in transmission lines and induce torque flickering in induction motors, which are widely used in mining facilities. Although classical active filtering techniques mitigate the oscillatory components of imaginary power, they may not be sufficient to clean the sensitive nodes of undesirable power components, some of which are related to real power. However, the usage of power electronic converters for distributed generation and energy storage, allows the integration of complementary power quality control objectives in electrical systems, by using the same facilities required for active power transferring. This paper proposes a predictive control-based scheme for mitigating the current distortion in the coupling node between utility grid and the mining facility power system. Instead of the classical approach of active filtering, this task is included as a secondary level objective control referred into the microgrid control hierarchy. Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation results showed that the proposed scheme is capable of bounding the current distortion, according to IEEE standard 1547, for both individual harmonics and the total rated current distortion, through inequality constraints of the optimization problem.

The bidirectional relationship between MFIs’ financial and social performance: Sustainability and outreach perspective

This paper examines the bidirectional relationship between sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the MENA region, using unbalanced panel data regression during the period from 1999 to 2018. The simultaneous equation model (SEM) is used based on the 2SLS regression considering endogeneity problem between sustainability and outreach. Two main systems are developed based on SEM; the first relates sustainability with breadth of outreach, while the second includes sustainability and depth of outreach. Results state that sustainability and outreach are complementary objectives, and the direction of their relationship is from outreach to sustainability. This finding is tested and supported using various robustness checks, namely: excluding firms with few data, using other methods to estimate 2SLS regression model, and examining the impact of sustainability on outreach based on their indices developed based on the TOPSIS method. The study concludes with some suggestions for future research in this field.

Quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: A review of the literature

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk condition for young patients that can cause psychosocial impairment and psychiatric symptoms. The aim of this literature review was to study the living conditions of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease and to highlight the difficulties that these individuals are called upon to face on a daily basis. Complementary objectives of this review were to look for factors that may contribute to improving the quality of life of such individuals. Methods: The literature of the years 2014-2021 was reviewed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The present literature review included studies that refer to the quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease and the difficulties they encounter daily. Results: Approximately 3082 studies were retrieved and further reviewed. After reviewing their title, abstract and full text, 11 studies were selected meeting the inclusion criteria of this review and were used for its compilation. Conclusions: In most of the selected studies, the prevailing perception was that children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease have a lower quality of life in various areas, compared to their healthy peers. Furthermore, statistics have shown that children with chronic kidney disease face several difficulties on a daily basis, but there are several factors that contribute to the improvement of their daily life.