Complementary Behavior Research Articles

Comparative single-cell transcriptomic profiles of human androgenotes and parthenogenotes during early development

To unravel the differential transcriptomic behavior of human androgenotes (AGs) and parthenogenotes (PGs) throughout the first cell cycles, analyze the differential expression of genes related to key biologic processes, and determine the time frame for embryonic genome activation (EGA) in AGs and PGs. Laboratory study. Private fertility clinic. Mature oocytes were retrieved from healthy donors and subjected to artificial oocyte activation using calcium ionophore and puromycin to generate PGs (n = 6) or enucleated and subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection to generate AGs (n = 10). Uniparental constructs at different early stages of development were disaggregated into constituent single cells (we suggest the terms parthenocytes and androcytes) to characterize the single-cell transcriptional landscape using next-generation sequencing. Transcriptomic profiles comparison between different stages of early development in AGs and PGs. The uniparental transcriptomic profiles at the first cell cycle showed 68 down-regulated and 26 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PGs compared with AGs. During the third cell cycle, we found 60 up-regulated and 504 down-regulated DEGs in PGs compared with AGs. In the fourth cell cycle, 1,771 up-regulated and 1,171 down-regulated DEGs were found in PGs compared with AGs. The AGs and PGs had reduced EGA profiles during the first 3 cell cycles, and a spike of EGA at the fourth cell cycle was observed in PGs. Transcriptomic analysis of AGs and PGs revealed their complementary behavior until the fourth cell cycle. Androgenotes undergo a low wave of transcription during the first cell cycle, which reflects the paternal contribution to cell cycle coordination, mechanics of cell division, and novel transcription regulation. Maternal transcripts are most prominent in the third and fourth cell cycles, with amplification of transcription related to morphogenic progression and embryonic developmental competence acquisition. Regarding EGA, in PGs, a primitive EGA begins at the 1-cell stage and gradually progresses until the 4-cell stage, when crucial epigenetic reprogramming (through methylation) is up-regulated. In addition, our longitudinal single-cell transcriptomic analysis challenges that the zygote and early cleavage stages are the only totipotent entities, by revealing potential totipotency in cleavage-stage AGs and implications of paternal transcripts.

Collaborative Teaching plus (CT+): A Timely, Flexible, and Dynamic Course Design Implemented during Emergency Remote Teaching in an Introductory Biology Course.

Student-centered pedagogies promote student learning in college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classrooms. However, transitioning to active learning from traditional lecturing may be challenging for both students and instructors. This case study presents the development, implementation, and assessment of a modified collaborative teaching (CT) and team-based learning (TBL) approach (CT plus TBL, or CT+) in an introductory biology course at a Minority-Serving Institution. A logic model was formulated depicting the various assessment practices with the culminating goal of improving the student learning experience. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative data based on students and instructors' behaviors and discourse, and student midsemester and end-of-semester surveys. Our findings revealed that the integration of multiple instructors allowed for knowledge exchange in blending complementary behaviors and discourse practices during class sessions. In addition, the frequent ongoing assessments and incorporation of student feedback informed the CT+ design during both in-person and emergency remote teaching. Furthermore, this course design could be easily adapted to a variety of STEM courses in higher education, including remote instruction.

Multiwavelength Color Switching from Polyaniline‐Viologen Bilayer: Inching toward Versatile All‐Organic Flexible Electrochromic Device

AbstractSearch for a versatile flexible all‐organic liquid electrolyte‐less solid–state electrochromic device continues. In this quest, a polyaniline‐Viologen‐(PANI‐EV)‐based electrochromic device has been reported and designed based on the complementary redox behavior and easy processibility. Electrochromic electrodes are first individually characterized before the device fabrication, to check their compatibility. The polyaniline electrode is electrodeposited and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman techniques followed by bias dependent absorbance measurements to understand its color switching capabilities. In situ kinematics are performed on the finished solid–state device and electrochromic performance have been measured. An improved electrochromic performance can be observed as evident from <1 s switching time while switching with a color contrast of ≈75% and good cycle life. The device displays switching in visible, as well as IR and NIR regions with an application of bias as low as 1.5 V. In addition to the multiple wavelength switching, a device has also been fabricated on a plastic electrode to demonstrate all‐organic flexible liquid electrolyte less solid–state versatile electrochromic device.

Hunting black color via absorption engineering: EDOT and thiophene-benzothiadiazole based black-to-transmissive copolymer and its electrochromic device application

Neutral state black electrochromics are prominent materials for smart applications such as displays, car rear views, e-papers etc. This work has aimed to obtain a neutral state black electrochromic polymer, by tuning the optical absorbance to whole visible region. Two monomers, 4,7-bis(5-(thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole (TTBTT) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), were selected according to their complementary absorbance behaviors, and they were combined in the same polymer backbone via electrochemical copolymerization technique. Copolymerization was performed using three different monomer feed ratios (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 (EDOT: TTBTT)). Even though all the copolymers exhibited dark to transmissive colors from neutral to oxidized states, changing the monomer feed resulted in different optical contrast, switching response and color hues for each copolymer. The higher optical contrast (from 17% to 27%) and faster switching response (from 3.6 s to 1.8 s) were recorded as EDOT unit increase in the copolymer chain. A dual type electrochromic device was also constructed using the copolymer and the resulting device was successfully changed its color from black to transmissive.

Solar energy harvesting mechanisms of the frustules of Nitzschia filiformis diatoms

Diatoms are major contributors to the global oxygen and carbon cycles. Their ability to thrive on photosynthesis, even in low and intermittent lighting conditions, is attributed to the optical response of the frustule, among other factors. However, how the frustule functions as a biophotonic feature is unknown. Using a toolkit consisting of numerical models and four microscopy techniques, we evaluated the optical response of frustules belonging to the species Nitzschia filiformis. Localized regions of the frustule exhibited functionalities including diffraction, lensing, waveguiding, circulation, filtering, resonances, and dispersion control. We show that these functionalities are complementary to each other in contributing to the solar energy harvesting mechanisms of capture, redistribution, and retention. In this context, frustule performance is evidently enhanced by perturbations to its sub-wavelength structure. We therefore modeled the frustule as a photonic circuit from which we estimated a contribution of approximately 9.83% to photosynthetic activity. To our knowledge, this represents the first model of the entire frustule, including its inherent disorder and the complementary behavior of localized optical functionalities. This provides quantitative support to the hypothesis that the frustule enhances photosynthesis in the cell. It supports the case for cultivating diatoms as sustainably mass-manufacturable devices with applications in solar energy, carbon sequestration, sensing, medicine, and metamaterials.

The Psychology of Architecture Decision Records

Architecture Decision Records (ADRs) have been characterized as a lean documentation technique, but this overlooks their cultural impact: writing ADRs can also help developers evolve into architectural thinkers. ADRs accomplish this by subtly influencing developers to change four key behaviors: improved appreciation of design’s value, increased design participation, better follow through on decisions, and stronger design engagement. These four complementary behaviors nudge developers to see themselves as software architects, which in turn transforms the team’s culture.

Thermal stable and low current complementary resistive switch with limited Cu source in amorphous carbon

In this Letter, we report a complementary resistive switch (CRS) with good thermal stability and low ON current. The device is constructed with a bilayer structure composed of sputtered amorphous carbon (a-C) and thermal annealed Cu doped a-C (a-C:Cu). The Cu atoms in a-C:Cu can agglomerate to form nanosized active electrodes by thermal annealing. The Cu species can migrate and redistribute to form conductive filaments within the a-C and a-C:Cu layer through an electrochemical redox reaction. The depletion of Cu species in the a-C:Cu or a-C layer produces complementary resistive switching behaviors. Benefiting from the high thermal stability of a-C and a-C:Cu, the device works stable at a high temperature of up to 300 °C with an endurance of 104 switching cycle and narrow cycle-to-cycle distribution of threshold voltages. Furthermore, the effects of the Cu content in the a-C:Cu layer and the thickness ratio of a-C:Cu/a-C on the ON state current were studied. By limiting the content of Cu in the a-C:Cu layer, a low ON state current of 5 μA was obtained, which is among the lowest in the reported CRSs. Furthermore, a “stateful” material implication logic with the “0” and “1” states represented by a distinct combination of the resistance of each layer was implemented. The CRS is a potential and promising device for low power memory/computing applications and harsh electronics.

Thermodynamic Equilibrium‐Nonequilibrium Competition in Nanofilaments for Achieving Complementary Electronic Synapses

AbstractIn the human brain, the natural complementary behaviors of synapse connections, which are enhanced and weakened through the participation of astrocytes and microglias, play an important role in the process of training and memory. Even though memristors based on the electrochemical metallization mechanism (ECM) have great potential in realizing electronic synapses (e‐synapses), the lack of complementary ECM e‐synapses has, to a certain extent, hindered the construction of artificial neural networks. In this study, the thermodynamic equilibrium‐nonequilibrium competition (TC) in nanofilaments is meticulously designed by modifying the metal‐ion nanochannels to achieve complementary ECM e‐synapses. The evolution in the morphology of a TC‐induced nanofilament includes a thinning behavior of the nanofilaments caused by electrical stimulation and a coarsening behavior caused by metal‐ion chelation. The TC effect leads to a decrease in the conductance under positive pulse stimulation and to an increase in the conductance while resting, these behaviors being exactly complementary to those of a conventional ECM e‐synapse. Finally, the feasibility of fabricating logic gate circuits with learning capability based on complementary ECM e‐synapses is verified using behavioral‐level modeling. These ECM e‐synapses with complementary functions are expected to be significant to researchers in the field of large neural network systems.

Parallel Ensemble Matching Based on Subscription Partitioning for Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems

The content-based publish/subscribe system is an effective paradigm for implementing on-demand event distribution. Each event needs to be matched against subscriptions to identify the target subscribers. To improve the matching performance, many novel data structures have been proposed. However, the predicates contained in subscriptions are handled the same way in most existing data structures, without considering their differences in matching probability. In this paper, we propose the concept of parallel ensemble matching (PEM) based on subscription partitioning. The basic idea is that we have the right algorithm handling the right subscriptions at the right time. First of all, we design a PEM framework by classifying subscriptions according to their matching probabilities and use the proper algorithms to process each subscription category. Furthermore, to deal with high-dimensional subscriptions, we propose a fine-grained PEM (fgPEM) that exploits matching algorithms with complementary behaviors by partitioning subscriptions into sub-subscriptions. We implement the prototype of PEM and fgPEM based on two existing algorithms. The experiment results show that PEM improves the matching performance by 43%. On the basis of PEM, fgPEM further improves the performance by 31%.

Ambidextrous Leadership and Employee Voice Behavior: The Role of Work Motivation and Ambidextrous Culture.

PurposeIn the current competitive environment of increased uncertainty and instability, it is of significance to promote employee voice behavior. To discuss the issue of how to promote employee voice behavior both effectively and reasonably, this study focuses on ambidextrous leadership, which consists of two seemingly opposite yet potentially complementary behaviors—transformational and transactional leadership—and investigates its influence mechanism on employees’ voice behavior, using work motivation as a mediator and ambidextrous culture as a moderator.MethodsEnterprise employees and their direct supervisors from 78 work teams in China were surveyed, and 387 sets of paired data were analyzed using data analysis software, such as HLM, SPSS, and AMOS.ResultsThe results reveal that ambidextrous leadership can significantly positively predict employee voice behavior. Employee work motivation plays a partial mediating role in the positive correlation between ambidextrous leadership and voice behavior. Additionally, organizational ambidextrous culture positively moderates the correlation between ambidextrous leadership and the work motivation of employees. The greater the ambidextrous culture of teams is, the stronger the positive correlation between ambidextrous leadership and the work motivation of employees.ConclusionLeadership plays an important role in promoting employee voice behavior. Therefore, understanding how ambidextrous leadership style can effectively promote voice behavior is important for companies to utilize the power of their employees to respond quickly to change and drive innovative transformation. This study contributes to existing research by revealing how ambidextrous leadership impact employee voice behavior through work motivation, which provides new evidence for the emerging ambidextrous leadership theory and helps to understand the relationship between employee work motivation and voice behavior more comprehensively; it also identifies organizational ambidextrous culture as organizational context factor which moderate the effect of ambidextrous leadership on work motivation.

Characterization of Liquid‐Vapor Interfaces in Pores During Evaporation

AbstractThe evolution of the liquid‐vapor interface plays a key role in multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and fluid phase change in porous media. In the soil water evaporation process, the vaporization occurs only on the liquid‐vapor interfaces rather than the apparent soil surface. Yet, the interfaces evolve with high distortion and great complexity along the drying path. Hence the microscale characteristics of interfaces especially geometrical and topological features in soil water evaporation are barely investigated. In this work, we scanned glass bead samples using X‐ray micro tomography and scrutinized the development of liquid‐vapor interfaces with different degrees of saturation. The liquid‐vapor interfaces are identified by morphological operations and extracted using the watershed segmentation technique. The liquid phase disperses into individual ganglia and distributes wildly in the pores as the saturation decreases, leading to low specific interface areas at saturated and dry state but a maximum value at a threshold saturation around 30%. The topological analysis reveals that the liquid and vapor phases present complementary connectivity behaviors quantified by normalized Euler characteristic numbers. The local mean curvature distribution of each typical individual interface cluster quantitatively describes the intricate progression of interface geometry and morphology along with drying. The overall mean curvature evolution of the sample separates the negative curvature component and confirms the capillary pressure increase during the pore water evaporation. The interfacial area and curvature analysis provide a cornerstone to determine the authentic interfacial evaporation rate for the soil under drying.

Does Poor Mental Health Impair the Effectiveness of Complementary Food Hygiene Behavior Change Intervention in Rural Malawi?

Mental disorders have the potential to affect an individual’s capacity to perform household daily activities such as water, sanitation, and hygiene (food hygiene inclusive) that require effort, time, and strong internal motivation. However, there is limited detailed assessment about the influence of mental health on food hygiene behaviors at household level. We conducted a follow-up study to detect the effects of mental health on food hygiene behaviors after food hygiene intervention delivery to child caregivers in rural Malawi. Face-to-face interviews, based on the Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, and Self-regulations (RANAS) model, were conducted with 819 participants (control and intervention group) to assess their handwashing and food hygiene-related behaviors. Mental health was assessed using the validated Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Study results showed a significant negative relationship between mental health and handwashing with soap behavior (r = −0.135) and keeping utensils in an elevated place (r = −0.093). Further, a significant difference was found between people with good versus poor mental health on handwashing with soap behavior (p = 0.050) among the intervention group. The results showed that the influence of the intervention on handwashing with soap behavior was mediated by mental health. Thus, integration of mental health in food hygiene interventions can result in improved outcomes for caregivers with poor mental health.

Electrochemically Tuned Synergistic Nano‐Interface of a Tertiary Ni(OH)2−NiO(OH)/NixP Heterojunction Material for Enhanced and Durable Alkaline Water Splitting

AbstractMaking water splitting cheaper is the need of the hour.The present work reports a nickel‐based, non‐precious catalytic system, synthesized by a two‐step electrodeposition (ED) process followed by a short‐term heat treatment. The Ni(OH)2−NiO(OH)/NixP heterojunction has been synthesized and optimized through an unprecedented, energy‐conserving method to achieve its best OER performance. Further, it has been carefully tuned for the first time by thoroughly optimizing the ED parameters to exhibit Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). At high current regimes, the performance surpassed that of the Ru/C and Pt/C (≥500 mA and ≥600 mA) respectively. The full cell electrolyzer configuring NOPO||NOPH further establishes the supremacy of the present electrocatalysts over the benchmark Ru/C||Pt/C. Moreover, the present electrocatalyst displayed 60 and 70 hours of HER and OER performances at −100 mA and 100 mA currents respectively. In short, this work is an example that illustrates how a single chemical system gets to exhibit two complementary catalytic behaviors that is, water oxidation and reduction when certain synthetic parameters are meticulously optimized.

Equilibrium partitioning behaviors and remobilization of trace metals in the sediment profiles in the tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Geochemical behaviors of trace metals in the sediment profiles are crucial for predicting the associated environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. However, the comprehensive transport of trace metals under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions is still unclear under the changing hydrological regime. Here, the equilibrium partitioning behaviors and remobilization of five trace metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) in sedimentary profiles within the tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir were explored by the partitioning coefficient (Kd), diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), and DGT induced flux in sediments (DIFS) model. According to the Kd values, As posed the highest migration ability among the trace metals in the sediment profiles under equilibrium circumstances. Similarly, the dynamic processes of trace metals simulated by the DIFS model also suggested that As displayed the highest desorption rate despite having the lowest labile pool size. Moreover, all trace metals were classified as the “partially sustained” case, while the supply abilities of As and other trace metals were limited by the diffusion and the desorption kinetics, respectively. In addition, DGT-labile trace metals showed a diffusion trend from the sediment to the water column (except for Zn) at the sediment-water interface, indicating potential risks to water quality. Specifically, the equilibrium partitioning behaviors revealed the potential labile pool of trace metals in the solid phase, and the dynamic resupply process between the solid phase and porewater remained undetermined. In comparison, although DGT simulated the kinetic process of trace metals in the sediments, the labile pool of the trace metals could not be obtained. This study provided a holistic insight into the complementary trace metal behaviors under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the sediment and was beneficial to the water quality protection and internal pollution remediation in the aquatic environment.

Enhancement of resistive switching behavior of organic resistive random access memory devices through UV-Ozone treatment

We fabricated organic resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices using a low-cost solution-process method. All the processes were performed at temperatures below 135 °C under ambient atmospheric conditions. The RRAM resistive switching layer was formed from a polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction using poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The fabricated organic RRAM device exhibited typical nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching behavior with an ON/OFF ratio of ∼40, but it provided a low endurance of 27 cycles. Therefore, for enhanced stability, simple UV–Ozone (UVO) treatment was applied to the P3HT:PCBM organic bulk heterojunction layer. The organic RRAM device with UVO treatment exhibited an enhanced performance with an ON/OFF ratio of ∼400 and an endurance of 47 cycles. In addition, complementary resistive switching behavior was observed. The conduction mechanisms of the organic RRAM device were investigated by fitting the measured I–V data to numerical equations, and Schottky emission and Ohmic conduction were the main conduction mechanisms for the high-resistance and low-resistance states for the RRAM device with or without UVO treatment.

Complementary Resistive Switching Behavior in Tetraindolyl Derivative-Based Memory Devices.

Complementary resistive switching (CRS) devices are more advantageous compared to bipolar resistive switching (BRS) devices for memory applications as they can minimize the sneak path problem observed in the case of BRS having a crossbar array structure. Here, we report the CRS behavior of 1,4-bis(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)benzene (Indole1) molecules. Our earlier study revealed that Au/Indole1/Indium tin oxide (ITO) devices showed BRS under ambient conditions. However, the present investigations revealed that when the device is exposed to 353 K or higher temperatures, dynamic evolution of the Au/Indole1/ITO device from BRS to CRS occurred with a very good memory window (∼103), data retention (5.1 × 103 s), stability (50 days), and device yield (∼ 60%). This work explores the application possibility of indole derivatives toward future ultradense resistive random access memory.

Complementary Tunneling Behaviors in van der Waals Vertical Heterostructures

Vertical tunneling transistors are of interest in the development of next-generation electronics. However, due to nonideal metal-semiconductor interfaces, the majority tunneling carrier type and device polarity are largely fixed, posing a key limitation for practical application. The authors demonstrate complementary tunneling behaviors in vertical heterostructures using ultrathin BN as a tunneling barrier and damage-free van der Waals metal as the top contact, in which the majority carrier type can be switched from electrons to holes by a bias voltage. This work provides proof of principle and comprehensive understanding of the tunneling mechanism in these high-performance devices.

What are nursing students taught about complementary therapies and integrative nursing? A literature review

In Europe, more and more people use complementary therapies (CT) for the management of pain, anxiety, sleep problems and discomfort. However, nursing students are generally not taught about CT. Furthermore, nurses are not taught how to communicate about patients’ complementary health seeking behavior, nor how to integrate CT in their nursing practice. The aim of this literature review was to explore what has been published about CT in nursing education. A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. Articles on educational courses, programs and lectures were included. Instructions for nurses as part of clinical studies were excluded, as these do not reflect formal nursing education. Data was analysed with qualitative content analysis. Furthermore, we extracted data on educational context, educational content and educational methods. From 5273 records, sixteen articles were eligible. The course content varied but suggested that general information about CT and hands-on techniques is important, such as practicing communication about CT and critical thinking skills. A range of methods were used to teach, but only three articles described competencies, which included emphasis on safety and good communication skills. Despite patients’ high CT use and demand for information from health care professionals about its use, information on how such knowledge is implemented in nursing education is scarce, especially in Europe. Developing a handbook for teachers about how to teach nursing students in Europe about CT in the context of nursing is needed.

Systematic Literature Review of Complementary Food Hygiene Interventions on Child Health Outcomes

ObjectivesDespite known associations of contaminated food with enteric infections and diarrheal diseases, we have limited understanding about effective strategies to improve complementary food (CF) hygiene. We aim to conduct a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of CF hygiene interventions on caregiver and child health outcomes.MethodsSystematic review included experimental and quasi-experimental studies that assessed caregivers’ food hygiene knowledge and practices, microbiological contamination in CF, and incidences of enteric disease in children. Review includes studies carried out in home/community settings with a control comparison and among caregivers of children 6 mo-5y. The search strategy was conducted in Cochrane, PUBMED, and Web of Science. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were conducted by two independent coders using Covidence.Results1,773 studies were imported and after removal of duplicates and title/abstract screening, 40 studies were assessed for full-text eligibility. 24 studies, conducted in African and Asian countries, met the inclusion criteria; 6 studies had interventions that focused exclusively on CF hygiene while the rest integrated CF hygiene into broader nutrition or WASH interventions. Studies used behavioral change communication (BCC) strategies through home visits, group meetings, community campaigns, or media. Among the 6 studies, 3 examined microbial outcomes, 4 assessed caregivers’ knowledge or behavior, no studies assessed children's diarrhea or enteric disease. Microbial contamination (C. perfringens, E. coli, fecal coliform and KF-streptococcus) levels were significantly reduced (p-value < 0.05) in all studies. Targeted complementary food hygiene behaviors outcomes significantly increased in 3 out of the 4 studies (ranging from 20–50% improvement).ConclusionsMost studies evaluating CF hygiene interventions used BCC strategies but it was difficult to identify their independent effects since they were often packaged within a broader interventions. Further attention is needed particularly in urban settings given the rise in individuals residing in urban settings with limited sanitation infrastructure.Funding SourcesSupported by contributors to the CGIAR Trust Fund and conducted by the Agriculture for Nutrition and Health Program.

Does poor mental health impair the effectiveness of complementary food hy-giene behavior change intervention in rural Malawi? Inclusion of child care-givers with poor mental health in humanitarian action

Does poor mental health impair the effectiveness of complementary food hy-giene behavior change intervention in rural Malawi? Inclusion of child care-givers with poor mental health in humanitarian action