Tourism Competitiveness Research Articles

The role of museums in the tourist offer of the city Sarajevo

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of museums in the tourist offer of Sarajevo. The main goal of this study is to explore the degree of influence that museums may have in creating tourist offers and the extent to which they contribute to the possibility of a stronger and more competitive tourism development in Sarajevo. This study carries out the tourist resource evaluatoin for museums and makes an analysis of museum visits. The study has used a quantitative research approach. The link to the survey was distributed via Facebook, one of the leading social networks, through which an easier access was provided to a larger number of respondents. Additionally, the survey was conducted in person, where a short interview was conducted with tourists, after which all answers were recorded in a similar way. The results of the study show the level of satisfaction with visits to the museums of the city of Sarajevo. A considerable number of respondents have noted that they visited museums during their stay in Sarajevo and that they visited some of them more than once. The conducted analysis shows clearly that tourists are highly satisfied with the contents offered by the museums and the way they work. The main reason for these visits was of an educational character with the desire to learn something new about this city's history, culture, and customs and to gain new experiences.

ПРОГРАМНО-ЦІЛЬОВЕ ПЛАНУВАННЯ ЯК ЛОГІСТИЧНИЙ ЗАСІБ РОЗРОБКИ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПРОГРАМИ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations and practical aspects of programmatic planning in tourism. The sequence of development of the tourism development program in the regions and the logic of using the program-target method as an effective tool for it have been clarified. The structure of regional target programs for tourism development consists of five stages: analytical and information block, target block, organizational support block, financial support block, program activities block. It is noted that when planning and implementing the policy of sustainable development of tourism in the regions, the regional specificity of the territories should first of all be taken into account. Monitoring of modern tourism development programs in the regions of Ukraine was carried out in order to determine their general purpose, characteristics of the territories, the material basis of regional development of tourist activity, priority types of tourism, tourist potential, ways and means of solving the identified problems. It was determined that the main goal of tourism development in the regions is the creation of a modern tourism infrastructure, a high-quality competitive tourism product, the effective use of natural, historical-cultural and tourist-recreational potential, the development of partnership relations between business, the community and the government, the formation of favorable conditions for sustainable development tourism. The basic functions that should be performed by an effective model of the regional policy of sustainable development of tourism in the region are defined. It was noted that each region has its own specific problems in the development of the economy, in the socio-cultural sphere, different conditions of the socio-economic situation and different prospects for development depending on natural conditions, the structure of the economy, and the degree of concentration of industry. A model of the regional policy of sustainable development of tourism has been formed. It is highlighted that the object of the regional policy of sustainable development of tourism is the processes and conditions of sustainable development of tourism in the regions, the subject is regional authorities on tourism issues, local self-government bodies at the regional and local levels, public-private partnership institutes and the public. It is noted that the implementation of the developed modern model of the regional policy of sustainable development of tourism will create favorable conditions for the concentration of available organizational, financial, intellectual, material and technical and other resources on solving the most pressing problems in the field of regional tourism, the development of the most valuable natural territories and objects of cultural heritage The existing tourist potential of the region can be realized on the basis of sustainability by implementing effective approaches to the development of the tourist and recreational sphere and property management of tourist and resort complexes.

A NEW APPROACH TO CLARIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TOURISM SECTOR AND EMPLOYMENT

The growth rate of the tourism sector in Azerbaijan maximally leads to an increase in the economy, at the same time affects the socio-economic situation in the country. To a greater extent, populations choose to travel in different countries and all this is associated with the possession of their information capabilities. The article notes that according to the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan on the new division of the “Karabakh” and “East Zangezur” economic regions, the economic region has not yet been expelled from the Armenian separatists, because of this, these zones were excluded from the number of regions for the development of tourist processes. It can be noted that the development of many tourist destinations in the country is just beginning, since the overall strategy for the development of this industry in Azerbaijan is at the stage of its new formation. In the future, the country’s leadership is focused on the formation of a competitive tourism industry and the development of tourist infrastructure. At the same time, the listed factors (direct or indirect) affecting the development of tourism play a decisive role in determining state strategic programs in the development of the country’s tourism business. It is noted that employment in different countries depends on the legislation adopted in the country and its compliance. World labor and employment markets, the structure of world labor markets have a certain impact on the development of tourism, or vice versa-the development of tourism has a certain impact on the formation of the structure of these markets. It is estimated that there are more than 300 million people in the world employed in permanent or temporary jobs in tourism and related industries. The level of employment in tourism and related industries has a relatively large impact on the employment market than in other sectors (finance, healthcare, banks, etc.). The tourism market allows people to work in more jobs than the market of the above-listed industries. It will be possible to fully use the tourist opportunities of Karabakh only if several main factors are taken into account, such as: ensuring the safety of the population independent of their nation on the territory; clearing mined fields; gradual return of the population; creation of all necessary infrastructures in these areas. Even in countries with a multiplicative efficiency of the tourism sector, the employment rate is about 12% higher than with direct employment. The highest level of employment directly affects the creation of new jobs in the tourism sector and related industries. And this indicator is determined by the contribution of the tourism sector to the country’s GDP, the number of tourist arrivals and the growth of tourism revenues. The goal is to clarify–the impact of the tourism sector on the level of employment of the population, as well as the impact of the level of employment in the creation of new jobs in this sector. Methodology–the article uses the economic and statistical method and the method of comparative analysis to clarify the impact of the tourism sector on the employment of the population. The conclusion of the study–is that the highest level of employment directly affects the creation of new jobs in the tourism sector and related industries, and this indicator is determined by the contribution of tourism to the GDP of the countries of the world

Health and hygiene strategies for tourism promotion: Guidelines for Africa

The tourism sector plays a significant role in Africa’s economic development. However, African countries are weak contenders in global tourism, hence, it is important to develop mechanisms to elevate the continent tourism performance. The World Economic Forum identifies health and hygiene as one of the 14 pillars necessary to enhance tourism competitiveness. Through the use of literature review approach, this study investigates the tourism related health and hygiene practices utilised by Mauritius and Egypt that contributed to their success story in tourism competitiveness. The findings highlight practices inclusive of; development of health and hygiene policies, regulations and guidelines, enforcement of policy implementations, government funding health related initiatives, and COVID-19 regulations as supportive structures of the two countries’ tourism competitiveness. This study further provides short- and medium-term recommendations that could be adopted to improve the health and hygiene environment to support tourism activities.

Dampak Local-based Entrepreneurship terhadap Aset Penghidupan yang Berkelanjutan: Studi Kasus Wisata Lembah Mbencirang, Mojokerto

Tourism is one of the most effective tools for economic development. According to Haryana, 4.5% of Indonesia's total GDP was significantly contributed to by tourism in 2018. The World Economic Forum ranked Indonesia 40th in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) out of 140 countries in 2019. Nonetheless, this contribution decreased significantly during the covid-19 pandemic outbreak in 2020. Mursalin et. al. argued that the tourism industry was hardest hit by the pandemic's impact on economic growth. Understanding this phenomenon, it became intriguing to investigate the gradual tourism revival and livelihood assets of local tourism-based enterprise in Wisata Lembah Mbencirang by the Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDES). This study's objectives included identifying and analyzing the core problematization and livelihood assets of locally based entrepreneurship, as well as its community impact. This study was conducted in Kebontunggul Village, Mojokerto, East Java. This study employed a variety of methods. Several analytical tools, including pentagon assets and sustainable livelihood assets, were utilized. The results demonstrated that local entrepreneurship had both positive and negative effects on communities. The vulnerability context that shook people's livelihoods must be overcome by bolstering social and human capitals to maintain resilience, as well as the government's commitment to enhancing policies pertaining to locally-based entrepreneurship. In conceiving and ensuring sustainability, the community implemented a variety of livelihood strategies through adaptation. When feasible, livelihood adaptation would continue, and incomes would increase.

Measuring Convergence in Tourism Competitiveness of Natural and Cultural Resources: A Case of the Balkans and Eastern Europe

Measuring Convergence in Tourism Competitiveness of Natural and Cultural Resources: A Case of the Balkans and Eastern Europe

The paradox of rural tourism and poverty alleviation

This research aims to analyze factors determining the competitiveness of rural tourism and assess its performance compared to the poverty level in each province in Indonesia. We employ four main pillars: enabling environment; travel and tourism policy and enabling conditions; infrastructure; and natural & cultural resources adopted from the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum 2019. We conducted fieldwork in four provinces, namely Aceh, Bali, Central Java, and North Sulawesi, by spreading questionnaires and giving semi-structured interviews to obtain respondents’ insights. The poverty gap index measures the intensity level of poverty by employing an expenditure-based poverty line. This study discovers that infrastructure, natural & cultural resources, and enabling environment support rural tourism development in each province. We also find that the excellent performance of rural tourism competitiveness seems to have minimal impact on poverty. Bali has become the major icon of tourism in Indonesia; ironically, its poverty level is relatively higher than in other areas. Meanwhile, Central Java ranks as the second most competitive province after Bali, while the poverty level is the lowest. Our study offers community-based tourism (CBT) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) to resolve the situation.

Tourism skill development initiatives in three Southern African Development Community countries: A policy guide analysis

Tourism is a keystone of the Southern African Development Community economy. However, the region has failed to maintain a fair market share in the global tourism industry as the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index 2007 to 2019 shows. Human resources are regarded as one of the pillars that stimulate a competitive tourism industry, hence, it is critical for countries to formulate appropriate human resource development policies and plans to secure economic benefits from their tourism activities. The main aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the strategies that Southern African Development Community countries can adopt to develop tourism skills. To attain this objective, this study investigates the strategies adopted by Tanzania, Mauritius and Botswana with the aim of informing policies and paving the way for other countries to improve tourism skills for the collective effectiveness of the entire region. Through a secondary research method, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the tourism skill development strategies utilised by three regional countries so that less competitive peers can draw lessons for policy improvement and reform. This study shows that investment in tourism education, engaging international professionals, collaboration among stakeholders, and placing tourism human resource development as a national strategic area, are critical.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREME TOURISM IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the essence of the concept of “extreme tourism”, as well as examines in detail its current state and prospects for development in Ukraine and the world. The general characteristic of the tourist potential of extreme tourism in Ukraine is given and its main centers are analyzed. A SWOT analysis, research of shortcomings and possible ways to improve extreme recreation, and outlined trends in the development of extreme tourism in Ukraine. It is established that the most popular region for this type of tourism in Ukraine is the Carpathians, it combines well-developed infrastructure and natural environment, but does not use its full potential. In general, Ukraine has a large number of natural and man-made sites for the development of this type of tourism. Creating a competitive tourism product that can meet the tourism needs of the population and ensure the development of territories – is a key task of its development. It is emphasized that in times of crisis caused by the long-lasting Coronavirus pandemic and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, when the psychological burden is very high and the amount of money available for recreation and entertainment is limited, it is necessary to develop local extreme tourism. and can stimulate sectors of the economy that are compatible with tourism. Therefore, for the development of extreme tourism, the main directions of public policy should be: conservation of tourist resources; improving the regulatory framework; creation of economic conditions to stimulate tourism development; investment attraction; ensuring the safety of tourists. Solving these problems will increase the economic and social level of development of the country as a whole.

Potential Identification of Community-Based Tourism Product Development in Santong Tourism Village, North Lombok Regency, Indonesia

Purpose: This community service activity is carried out with the main objective of identifying the potential for developing tourism products in Santong Tourism Village which originates from the economic, social and cultural potential of the community in the context of developing quality and competitive tourism products in Santong Tourism Village.
 Method: The community service employs (1) field survey to identify current conditions and the need for intervention in the development of tourist village with data collection techniques ranging from direct observation, in-depth interview, to documentation, and (2) workshop which includes short lectures, guided group discussions, demonstrations, and simulations. The data obtained are all primary data obtained directly from Pokdarwis, other tourism actors, as well as Santong’s local community.
 Result: The 2 (two) main outputs of this community service activity are (1) tour package and culinary product prototypes that integrate various natural potentials and local community wisdom, as well as (2) needs identification for homestay development in Santong Tourism Village.
 Contribution: Providing new insights and skills to the local community in developing integrated and quality tourism products that can provide broader economic impact the people of Santong Tourism Village.

Tourism Destination Competitiveness in Italy: A Stakeholders’ Perspective

ABSTRACT The paper aims to evaluate the competitiveness of one of the world’s leading tourism countries from a stakeholders’ perspective. A survey questionnaire has been submitted to relevant tourism stakeholders from 370 outstanding Italian destinations. The results show that Italy is more competitive in its natural and cultural resources, but less competitive in tourism policy and planning, and in destination management. The findings also suggest that small destinations, hinterland destinations, and destinations in the under developed southern part of the country have high tourism potential. The research reveals areas where improvements should be made to boost tourism competitiveness in Italy.

SAFETY AND SECURITY ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS: A FIELD STUDY IN A NIGERIAN GEOPARK

In the travel industry, safety and security are imperative and any attraction sites which ignore these tasks stand to lose out on the intense competition for tourists. One way to ensure that safety and security are satisfactorily provided is to regularly assess and seek the perceptions of stakeholders. Studies that make such an attempt, particularly in a Nigerian Geopark are relatively underrepresented in the literature. This study therefore evaluates safety and security situations at a large geopark and one of the most visited tourist destinations in Nigeria. Through direct observation, an on-site assessment of safety and security measures was undertaken by experts. The assessment instrument was designed using an empirical adaptation of standards which have been suggested in the literature. In addition, members of the site management were interviewed on various outcomes of the field study. Generally, the safety and security architecture in the study area appeared to be insufficient as the management seemed restrained to be too proactive for fear of scaring wildlife and visitors. Besides, the management did not consider the site to be under any serious threat as no major accident and/or crime has been recorded in the last decade. The study concludes that safety and security approaches in the study area do not reflect standard measures but rather cautious approach and an overly dependence on a supposed good past record. The result of this study can facilitate standard practice for safety and security in tourist destinations. This study fills the knowledge gap by providing information on the Nigerian experience regarding safety and security of Geopark in the Global South.

Revealing mission statements in a hotel brand sector using social network analytic approach

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the content of hotel brands’ mission statements (MSs) and their relationship with selected attributes of hotel brands.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of hotel brands’ MSs was used to detect the MSs’ key words, which were further processed by methods of social network analysis, complemented by clustering techniques and correspondence analysis on the generalized aggregated lexical tables, a special type of correspondence analysis.FindingsHotel brands operating in luxurious markets more often emphasize experiences than those in midscale markets. Furthermore, hotel brands with longer traditions and those with a large number of controlled rooms communicate words in their MSs that represent a rather traditional approach to hospitality. Younger hotel brands with fewer controlled rooms chose words that indicate a more commercially oriented approach. Finally, cluster analysis revealed four dimensions of hotel brands’ MSs, instead of the nine most typically used in mission statement component models.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the frequencies and networks of keywords, and their relationship with hotel brand attributes, will help create more focussed MSs. This will strengthen hotel brands, raise their revenues and subsequently increase company performance.Originality/valueThe analysis provides valuable insight into MSs in the specific tourism context of hotel brands. The authors have achieved this with the use of a wide range of advanced network analytic methods. These insights can guide hotel brands to better position themselves in the competitive tourism accommodation market.

Tourist attraction efficiency and its determinants using a two stage, double bootstrap data envelopment analysis: a case study in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Tourist attractions account for a critical component of tourism competitiveness. However, empirical research regarding tourist attraction efficiency is absent from literature. Respectively, this paper explores efficiency levels of tourist attractions and its determinants. 34 provinces of Indonesia were selected as the study setting. We employed the two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA), an innovative approach that weathers the statistical shortcomings of the more traditional approaches. A 3-year data from 2017 to 2019 served for the analysis. Tourist attraction efficiency in Indonesia was relatively low. We revealed negative effects from population size, human development index (HDI), climate, and crime rate towards tourist attraction efficiency. Positive relationships were found for formal workforce, micro and small enterprises, and transportation. This study extends literature on tourism efficiency, and presents useful insights concerning tourism management.

Стратегічні орієнтири формування та розподілу туристичного продукту за оцінкою ставлення споживачів

Abstract. Introduction. The basis of the formation and further distribution of the tourist product should be based on the wishes of consumers, their desire to satisfy their own tourist needs in accordance with expectations from the consumption of hospitality services. Purpose. The main task of this study is the study of marketing approaches to the formation and distribution of a tourist product in order to determine and scientifically substantiate the most effective tourist offers from the perspective of strategic development. Results. Creating and bringing to the market a competitive tourist product with significant competitive advantages and a strategic perspective requires careful planning of all stages of its formation, ensuring their logical relationship. In order to obtain the most reliable information about the attitude of consumers to the tourist product, their opinions regarding each of the attributes of the tourist product and to identify the degree of consumer dissatisfaction with a certain modification, it is proposed to model the motives and preferences of consumers. A tourist enterprise must determine the sales channels of its created products, taking into account the image, target segments, its own location, etc. Introduce marketing innovations, such as mobile applications, online booking modules, into the distribution system; change the organization of sales and marketing procedures, applying benchmarking, reengineering, outsourcing and use innovative information marketing and sales programs. One of the innovative processes of distribution should be the use of electronic commerce, which will allow intensively increasing the sale of tourist products on the Internet with the direct participation of hotels, airlines, travel operators and customers. Conclusions. The formation of a tourist product is a long and multi-stage process, which is based on a thorough study of demand, consumers, their attitude to the characteristics of the proposed tourist product market and the desire to satisfy tourist needs. The distribution of the tourist product must be carried out by introducing sales innovations into the distribution system of the tourist enterprise, introducing changes in the organization of sales and marketing procedures, and using new informational marketing and sales programs.

Analysis of Increasing Tourism Competitiveness in Selayar Islands Regency

This study aims to examine the potential and analyze the competitiveness of maritime tourism in the Selayar Islands Regency using the SWOT analysis method, as well as to find out the optimal strategy for increasing the competitiveness of marine tourism in the Selayar Islands Regency. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used consists of condensing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the SWOT analysis model increased the competitiveness of marine tourism, namely having strength in the form of high social cohesion; good service standards; the natural wealth and diversity of marine biota in the Selayar Islands Regency. The strategy of the Selayar Islands Regency Tourism and Culture Office in increasing the competitiveness of marine tourism is the development of the tourist market; tourism product development; development through increasing human resources; developing quality and sustainable marine tourism networks and partnerships; increasing the quality and diversity of business products and tourism services.

Seoul’s Paradiplomacy To The Global Public: The Involvement of Bangtan Sonyeondan (BTS) in the Tourism Industry

This study aims to analyze the use of the Bangtan Sonyeondan (BTS) as an instrument of the paradiplomacy of Seoul, South Korea, in promoting the city’s tourism to the global public on economic and cultural aspects. Seoul's paradiplomacy in promoting tourism is motivated by efforts to attract global public attention and to encourage foreign tourists to make Seoul a tourist destination. For that purpose, the Seoul Metropolitan Government has collaborated with various K-pop artists, such as BTS, in its paradiplomacy practice. This study uses transgovernmentalism, foreign relations, paradiplomacy, and art as theories and qualitative research as a method by taking data directly and indirectly. Direct data are obtained from interviews with several informants, while indirect data are obtained from studies of relevant documentation and literature. This study finds that BTS becomes an instrument of Seoul's paradiplomacy in tourism promotion. The researchers also discovered that the Seoul Metropolitan Government has restructured the Seoul Tourism Organization from a public-private partnership and government-invested institution to one that can increase the city's competitiveness in tourism and Meetings, Incentive Tours, Conventions, and Exhibitions (MICE), as well as contribute to Seoul's economic development by revitalizing tourism-related industries.

Tourist choice, competitive tourism markets and the effect of a tourist tax on producers revenues

We propose a model for the tourism sector assuming basically two markets, one for tourist services and the other for accommodation. These sub-markets are considered as separate but interrelated. The nature of the feedback is determined by a vertical complementarity between tourist services and lodging. We obtain the optimal solution of the tourist choice problem, the primary demand for tourist services and the derived demand for overnight stays. Then, we focus on the equilibrium outcomes assuming perfectly competitive tourism markets. We do not address the externalities caused by tourism activities. Consequently, we move away from efficiency by introducing a tax on overnight stays and inspecting the consequences for the competitiveness and for producers’ revenues in each market. The answer key elements are, apart from reservation prices, the direct and cross-price elasticities of demand for tourist services. The study of structural parameters extends and completes our analysis of tourism.

Tourism Development Towards International Competitive Tourism in Promoting The Economy of East Java

The tourism sector is one of the economic sectors that has a characteristic and contributes to the GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) in East Java. East Java has a large tourism potential with a pattern of tourism development that can contribute to increasing East Java's economic growth. The role of the tourism sector in East Java can improve the national economy and contribute to the national GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the development of the tourism sector in East Java during 2016 to 2020 using the LQ (Location Quotient) method so as to produce the tourism sector in the basic or non-basic sector category. The data used is secondary data and this research is a quantitative research. The results of the calculation of LQ (Location Quotient) can help develop and build the tourism sector that is in the basic or non-basic category. Keywords: LQ, GDP, Tourism Sector, Development Economic, East Java

Local tourists' perceptions of tourist destinations' competitiveness: a comparative study of the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Oman

PurposeDestination competitiveness is a significant contributor to tourism growth, performance and development. The current research intends to test the effect of the dimensions of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) on destination competitiveness in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt and Oman and how competitiveness influences tourism performance and development.Design/methodology/approachThe perspectives of 460 responses were collected from the UAE, 457 from Egypt and 301 responses from Oman. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilised to measure the research model relationships.FindingsThe results showed that the competitiveness index components are significantly contributing to destination competitiveness and that this competitiveness is predicting both tourism performance and development.Originality/valueThis study developed and empirically tested the effect of an integrative model of the competitiveness index on destination competitiveness from the perspective of local visitors in three Muslim and Arab nations. This study gives scholars valuable perceptions into how socio-cultural variations between residents and locals in various nations might result in significantly diverse behaviours.