Dimensions Of Competence Research Articles

Perception of Pre-Service Teachers Regarding Digital Competencies in Indonesia

This article aims to evaluate the digital competencies of prospective teachers in Indonesia in the context of digital education. A survey method was used to collect data from students and alumni of the physics education program from 2017 to 2022. A total of 248 respondents participated in the study, consisting of 202 students and 46 alumni. The collected data were then analyzed quantitatively. The research findings indicate that the majority of respondents showed a positive response to their abilities in all assessed dimensions of digital competencies. Literacy in information and data, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety, and problem-solving received favorable ratings. However, there is potential to improve skills in digital content creation. Overall, the respondents demonstrated a good level of competence in the evaluated digital competency indicators. The data also revealed that students and alumni of the physics education program are accustomed to using technology in their academic activities. They utilize Learning Management Systems (LMS) to access course materials, submit assignments, and take exams. Additionally, they employ various applications and collaborate online in groups. The program also offers courses that support the use of technology in learning. In conclusion, the perception of pre-service teachers towards digital competence is positive due to the support provided by the study program in offering technology-integrated courses.

Faculty development strategies to empower university teachers by their educational role: A qualitative study on the faculty members and students’ experiences at Iranian universities of medical sciences

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify and explain the strategies of faculty development based on their role at Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative content analysis study in 2021 using purposive, snowball sampling, with a maximum variation in the faculty members’ age and experience level. Twenty four participants were enrolled in this study (eighteen faculty members and six medical sciences students); data collection consisted of two phases of semi-structured interviews and a brainstorming group technique. Data were categorized into two themes and six related subthemes, based on their similarities and differences after frequent summarization.ResultsThe data analysis yielded two themes and eight categories. The first theme was to explain competencies based on role and task with two sub-themes: Tasks and capabilities and development and excellence of personal qualities. The second theme was the best strategies for empowering the teachers with four sub-themes, including problem-based learning, integration of methods, evaluation-based education, and scholarship in education (PIES), which explains the strategies that can support the development of teachers in medical sciences universities, and all the concepts were interrelated to each other.ConclusionFrom the experiences of faculty members, the importance of some strategies in education and empowering the teachers’ professional competence dimensions should be emphasized. PIES could explain the practical strategies that can support the development of teachers in medical sciences universities.

Teachers’ online preparedness in times of crises: trends from Norway and US

The closing of schools world-wide in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid and unexpected shift from predominantly in-person teaching to online teaching practices. As teacher educators in the field of educational technology, we wondered about the preparedness of teachers for making the transition to fully online environments. Through an internationally distributed survey consisting of predominantly open-ended questions, we captured teachers’ perceptions of this transition. We aimed to inform our practice and that of other teacher educators about the strengths and weaknesses of professional development designed to develop teachers’ digital competence. In this paper, we present data from Norwegian (n = 574) and US (n = 239) teachers related to their elaborations on readiness. We qualitatively examined data for evidence of extent of preparedness and alignment to the pedagogical, ethical, attitudinal, and technical dimensions of digital competence. Findings indicated themes related to extent of preparedness, trends in preparation, focus on digital tools, teacher agency without autonomy, collaboration/networks, and challenges for work and learning lives. Findings informed implications and recommendations for the professional development of teachers’ digital competence at the teacher education, K-12 schools, and school policy/leadership levels.

Community Attitudes Toward Local Foods and Producers: The Role of Warmth Versus Competence Across Demographics for Social Media Engagement.

Connecting local food producers with consumers is useful for ensuring individuals have access to healthy, fresh, foods. Small farmers, however, lack the resources to effectively connecting with consumers through traditional forms of marketing. Marketing to consumers through social media is a low-cost method that local food producers can use to promote their products. Creating engaging content on social media can be challenging, thus there is a need for guidance on how to effectively engage with local consumers through social media. Studies in advertising have shown dimensions of warmth and competence can be useful frames for engaging consumers across a variety of consumer goods. In this study we ran a nationally representative survey (n = 966) with an experimental component to determine if videos were an effective method of connecting with consumers, and if so, how this varies across demographics. We further investigated whether aspects of warmth of competence influence consumer willingness to purchase locally produced foods. We find warmth does have a small effect on consumer perceptions of local foods and videos help reduce the lack of familiarity of a farm, a barrier to purchasing local foods. Consumers across demographics demonstrate high levels of interest in purchasing local foods yet access to continues to be a barrier to purchasing. Additionally, we find consumers are willing to purchase locally produced foods at a higher price if available in more convenient locations, such as grocery stores, provided they were clearly labeled and from a farm that is familiar.

Validation of intercultural sensitivity and respect for diversity scale (RDS) in a Korean sample

ABSTRACT Intercultural sensitivity is the affective dimension of intercultural competence. Recently, the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) was validated for Korean samples, which raised conceptual, translational, and metrological problems. This study improved on the previous ISS Korean version, developed the Respect for Diversity Scale (RDS), and reanalysed the results according to gender and school level. The sample comprised 542 native Korean-speaking high school and college students. Both scales confirmed the validity of 12 items across four dimensions. Notably, the mean ISS scores exceeded those of the RDS across most factors. Gender differences exhibited significance in the scores of both scales, while school-level differences did not prove significant. This study contributes to the literature that has adapted and validated the ISS with participants from non-English-speaking cultures. Additionally, it sheds light on the relationship between the ISS and measures of general diversity appreciation, highlighting variations based on participants’ background characteristics.

Cultural competence in a primary healthcare center in Santiago de Chile: a mixed methods design.

The immigrant population in Chile is growing significantly, challenging the health care system's capacity to provide sensitive and effective care. To assess the cultural competence of Chilean primary health workers. This mixed-methods study used a quantitative scale and semi-structured interviews to examine the cultural competence of a Chilean primary health care team in their care for the international migrant population. The study pointed to specific variables that were associated with increased cultural competence, including age, intercultural life experiences, and having received relevant training. The two approaches produced largely convergent results. The dimensions of cultural competence with the highest scores on the quantitative scale were also the theoretical dimensions with the greatest discursive density in the qualitative analysis. The analysis provides a starting point for policies aimed at the development of cultural competence in the national scenario, suggesting a general direction to foster transcultural competence in health, such as formal training and the promotion of informal spaces ofsensibilization.

Procedural skills training during residency: Introduction of a procedure clinic to improve technical competencies.

The College of Family Physicians of Canada’s Triple C Competency-based Curriculum framework identifies procedure skills as an essential dimension of competence for family physicians, specifying that residents are to achieve competency in several procedures by the end of their training.[1][1],[2][2

Twenty-First Century Instructional Design: Guiding Vocational Instructors Designing E-Module

Instructional design can be challenging in a vocational education setting, such as in a beauty institution where knowledge has to be balanced with practice, and trained individuals in this area are needed specifically for the new and emerging profession of health and beauty consultant. The e-module was designed using the Dick and Carey model consist of 10 steps. This study uses qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews conducted online with 3 students, 1 instructor and 2 observers from skin analysis class in PIBI Surabaya. The transcribed interview data were analysed using Atlas.tisoftware to produce codes. This study aimed to develop an instructional design for non-formal vocational education as a guide for instructors in creating quality training using an online learning approach. Based on the qualitative results, there are 4 categories that the researcher were asking about, which is media, content, strategy, and student’s response with feasible, practical and effective as the indicators. This study concluded that the instructional design can be used as a reference for instructors in preparing and delivering learning materials where the focus is centred on individual student, with the end goal of achieving competencies (attitude, skill and knowledge/ASK), eight employability skills, five dimensions of competence and twenty-first century skills according to the needs of the industry nowadays.

EFFECTS OF SOCIAL INCLUSIONARY STATUS ON SELF-EVALUATION DEPENDS ON SOCIAL ANXIETY

Social inclusionary status might have diverse effects on self-perception. We conducted an online experiment (N=170) to examine the effects of social inclusionary status and social anxiety on self-evaluation. Our hypothesis was that the social exclusion experience will negatively affect self-evaluations in the competence dimension and social anxiety is expected to moderate this relationship. Participants filled out the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and wrote a short autobiographical essay about an experience from their lives when they felt excluded/rejected (exclusion condition) or included (inclusion condition). Self-evaluation was approached with the two dimensions -warmth and competence- as proposed in the Stereotype Content Model. Results had shown that participants’ warmth judgments about themselves were not affected by neither inclusionary status nor social anxiety. On the other hand, inclusionary status had an effect on self-competence evaluations as a function of participants’ social anxiety levels. Accordingly, remembering an inclusive experience (from their past) was related with higher self-competence only among low social anxiety participants. The positive effect of remembering social inclusion experience was not observed among high social anxiety individuals. In conclusion, the effect of social inclusionary status on self-competence assessments was moderated by social anxiety.

Viewing entrepreneurship through a goal congruity lens: The roles of dominance and communal goal orientations in women's and men's venture interests.

The objective of this research was to examine gender differences in entrepreneurial venture interests drawing on goal congruity theory, which posits that people adopt gender-stereotypic goal orientations in response to social pressures to conform to traditional gender roles. Aspiring entrepreneurs (N = 351) first wrote about what they believed made an entrepreneur successful. They then completed measures of agentic and communal goal orientations (i.e., male and female stereotypic orientations, respectively) and indicated their interests in starting ventures in stereotypically feminine (e.g., salon), masculine (e.g., auto-repair) and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM; e.g., software developer) ventures. Analysis of open-ended responses demonstrated that participants ascribed more agentic and, specifically, more dominance attributes to entrepreneurs than communal attributes (e.g., warmth). Bifactor structural equation modeling indicated that, as expected, agentic goal orientations included dimensions of competence, self-direction, and dominance orientations; communal goal orientations were unidimensional. Further, as expected, dominance and communal orientations partially accounted for gender differences in all three career types. We discuss implications for entrepreneurial education and practice from a goal congruity perspective and the use of bifactor modeling to improve the measurement of goal orientations.

Migration-related Factors and Settlement Service Literacy: Findings from the Multi-site Migrants’ Settlement Study

Migrants’ access and effective utilisation of settlement services depend on their level of settlement service literacy (SSL). However, SSL is multi-dimensional in nature and has many facets that are influenced by demographic and migration-related factors. Identifying factors that drive various components of SSL, and thus allowing for more focused development of specific dimensions, is critical. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between components of SSL and migration-related and migrants’ demographic factors. Using a snowball sampling approach, trained multilingual research assistants collected data on 653 participants. Data were collected using face-to-face or online (phone and via video platforms such as Zoom and Skype) surveys. Our findings suggest that demographic and migration-related factors explained 32% of the variance in overall SSL; and 17%, 23%, 44%, 8%, 10% of the variance in knowledge, empowerment, competence, community influence, and political components of SSL respectively. SSL was positively associated with pre-migration and post-migration educational attainment, being employed in Australia, being a refugee, coming from the sub-Saharan region but negatively associated with age and coming from the East Asia and Pacific region. Across SSL dimensions, post-migration education was the only factor positively associated with the overall SSL and all SSL dimensions (except the political dimension). Employment status in Australia was also positively associated with competency and empowerment, but not other dimensions. Affiliating with a religion other than Christianity or Islam was negatively associated with knowledge and empowerment whilst being a refugee was positively associated with knowledge. Age was negatively associated with the empowerment and competency dimensions. The study provides evidence of the importance of some pre- and post-migration factors that can assist in developing targeted initiatives to enhance migrants’ SSL. Identifying factors that drive various components of SSL will allow for more focused development of specific dimensions and therefore is critical.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the teachers’ basic ICT competence beliefs scale

The present study seeks to adapt the Teachers’ Basic Information Communication Technology (ICT) Competence Beliefs Scale, developed by Rubach and Lazarides (2021), into Turkish and test the adapted scale's validity and reliability. The initial step involved conducting a linguistic equivalence of the scale from English to Turkish with 62 English language teachers in a pre-test. Subsequently, the Turkish version of the scale was administered to 356 teachers (69.7% female, 30.3% male) in Turkey to assess its validity and reliability. Participating teachers were from different subjects (e.g., 9.8% science, 7.9% mathematics, 3.7% social science) and school types (27.5% primary school, 55.3% secondary school, 17.1% others). Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the original six-factor structure with three first-order and three second-order factors that best fitted the data. The same competence dimensions were indicated in the Turkish contexts as in the original instrument, i.e., information and data literacy; communication and collaboration; digital content creation; safety and security; problem-solving; analyzing and reflecting. The correlations between all six first-order factors were between .58 ≥ r ≥.79. All factors showed good reliability indices, i.e., α > .83, ω > .83 and CR > .72. The adapted instrument was found to be invariant across gender. Mean-level differences among gender groups point to one difference with male teachers reporting higher competence beliefs for digital content creation compared to female teachers. In conclusion, the results of this replication study support the cross-cultural transferability of the original Teachers' Basic ICT Competence Beliefs instrument developed by Rubach and Lazarides (2019).

Association between Social and Emotional Competencies and Quality of Life in the Context of War, Pandemic and Climate Change.

The present context, with an ongoing pandemic situation, war and climate change, seems to play a critical role in both the peoples' perception of their quality of life, and the acquisition and development of social and emotional competencies. In this study, our goal was to assess the relationship between social and emotional competencies and peoples' quality of life in a Portuguese sample. Participants were 1139 individuals living in Portugal, aged between 16 and 85 years old, who were mostly (73%) female. An online protocol for data acquisition was used, which included sociodemographic characterization, the Portuguese version of the scale of Social and Emotional Competencies (SEC-Q) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BRIEF). Correlation analysis and a canonical correlation were performed, with results showing a high association between the dimensions of social and emotional competencies and peoples' quality of life. Two significant canonical roots were extracted, and the results show that the first is characterized by internal factors, linking psychological health and self-management and motivation, and the second root evidences the external factors, linking social relations and environment with social awareness and pro-social behavior.

Leadership Competencies Availability Among Graduates of Jordanian Nursing Colleges from Clinical Nursing Leader’s (CNL) Perspective

The sensitivity and complexity of healthcare sector mandate having competent leaders within nursing graduates worldwide and in Jordan as well. This study used a quantitative method to investigate the degree of leadership competencies availability among nursing graduates of Jordanian nursing colleges from clinical nursing leaders’ (CNL) perspective. The researcher developed a 40 items leadership competency questionnaire for this study that included three dimensions: “Effective communication”, “Interpersonal and team collaboration”, and “Decision-making and problem-solving”. The study sample consisted of 268 CNLs working in governmental and private hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected then analyzed through SPSS by calculating frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. The overall leadership competencies availability level was moderate (Mean = 3.64). However, some variation among leadership competency dimensions availability was reported. Leadership communication competency dimension received a mean score of 3.69 (SD = 0.76) indicating a high availability, and “interpersonal and team collaboration competency” dimension scored also high (Mean = 3.7 SD = 0.8). However, the decision- making and problem-solving competency availability level was moderate and had the lowest availability degree (Mean = 3.55 SD = 0.86). It was highly recommended to incorporate nursing leadership within teaching curriculum over different academic years in an incremental leadership learning goals from fundamental, then to moderate and advance levels. More connections for students with the nursing professional body outside the university may start at early academic stages, connecting them with national nursing councils, Committees, and health organizations to improve their leadership competence and make them ready for workplace when graduating.

A smart grids knowledge transfer paradigm supported by experts' throughput modeling artificial intelligence algorithmic processes

This paper presents an artificial intelligence algorithmic knowledge transfer approach to the models that have been developed throughout the world for smart grid networks. Many nations are moving forward to implement smarter ways to generate, distribute and network energy, while others are expecting the leading countries to take the initiative and then follow suit. Therefore, we theoretically identify three dimensions of experts' competencies—perception, judgment, and decision choice supported by the Throughput Model algorithms for knowledge transfer. Integrating the Throughput Model algorithmic framework and Deming Cycle (i.e., plan, do, check, act), we propose that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems influence experts' decision making towards implementation of Smart Grids (SG). This model was backed up with the perspectives of 32 global experts as surveyed using Carnegie Mellon Maturity model questions and analyzed the results using PLS to validate the findings and compare them to our enhanced knowledge transfer developed from Deming's PDCA cycle. Our results suggest that these key algorithmic decision-making components are critical in explaining the successful application of planning, doing, checking/ acting, and planning of renewable energy technology as well as for a greener environment.

Competency categorization and roles of online teachers from the perspective of university students.

The teaching and learning process is facing many unprecedented challenges that require innovative solutions in the short life of knowledge and the abrupt development of technology. Some of these challenges are the new roles of teachers who are the main constituents in the online teaching process. The main aim of this study revolved around determining and analyzing university students' priorities concerning the competency categorization and roles of online teachers. The research was based on Moodle and Google classroom to validate the competency elements with the final aim of improving teaching and learning processes. The data were collected by using an online questionnaire that evaluated eight dimensions of competencies and roles of online teachers. The research sample consisted of 430 participants (aged between 19 and 30) from Iraq and Oman. The results obtained from these two countries were very similar as the respondents highlighted professional, pedagogical and social competencies in their teachers. It further shows that though the applications used in the two contexts were different (Google classroom with Google Meet or Moodle), it did not affect the final results gained. The results of this survey could be important for further analysis of online teaching practice and bring several important insights regarding the possibilities of online teaching.

SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS: A REVISED MODEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Women entrepreneurs in small businesses are beginning to be seen more than ever as a vehicle for entrepreneurship development, contributing not just to employment and social stability but also become a competitive power. However, the slow and inefficient business performance of women entrepreneur is drawing the attention of scholars towards the traits that should be possessed. Drawing upon the psychological characteristic model, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social competence (social perception, social adaptability, expressiveness and impression management) on the women entrepreneurial success and in turn its impact on the business sustainability. The data were collected from January until October 2020 on micro enterprise in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using quantitative research design, a structured questionnaire was used among the women entrepreneur listed in Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents from each state in Malaysia. Descriptive statistic and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data, which comprised 500 respondents. Overall, the findings showed that four dimensions of social competence had a significant positive relationship on the women entrepreneurial success. The novelty of this study rests in shedding light on a revised psychological characteristic model in micro enterprise sector and emphasised the crucial role women entrepreneur’s social competence for business sustainability.

How Disability Stereotypes Shape Memory for Personal Attributes

Abstract. Two experiments examined effects of including an information about a disability in a person description on memory about that person’s traits. In Experiment 1, this information impaired correct recognition of traits of a person that had been described in correspondence to gender stereotypes. In Experiment 2, it induced false memories in accordance with stereotypes about people with disabilities. Participants’ false alarms for traits belonging to the dimension of warmth increased, whereas false alarms for traits belonging to the dimension of competence decreased. Thus, activating stereotypes through a disability prime influenced what could be recognized correctly or falsely was assumed to be recognized about a person.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan, Akses, Harga, dan Kompetensi Karyawan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan PT Kereta Api Indonesia

Indonesia's vast territory makes transportation one of the most important needs for Indonesian people. One of them is land transportation, of various kinds of land transportation, trains are one of the favorite transportation of the Indonesian people. By using the train, people can move from one area to another in a relatively short time and safely. PT Kereta Api Indonesia is a company that offers rail transportation services. One of the stations owned by PT Kereta Api Indonesia is Malang Kota Baru Station which is located in Malang City, East Java province, where this city is known as one of the tourist destinations of the Indonesian people. Therefore the management of the Malang Kota Baru Railway Station needs to provide satisfaction for customers who travel through this station. In the research being carried out, researchers will examine the effect of the variable dimensions of service quality, access, price, and employee competence on customer satisfaction at Malang City Baru Station. The type of research used is quantitative research using multiple linear regression analysis. The data was distributed using a questionnaire, and was addressed to 400 respondents who were passengers at Malang Kota Baru Station. The results showed that service quality and access variables had a significant influence on customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, other variables, namely price and employee competence, have no significant effect on customer satisfaction at Malang Kota Baru station.

The motility of posted workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: policies, trends and worker experiences in Austria

PurposeTo analyse the policies, posting trends and worker experiences during the pandemic, this study uses the concept of motility, i.e. workers' mobility capital, and examines how posted workers' geographical mobility, their access to and conditions of employment and social protection were impacted. The authors discuss how the measures against the pandemic undertaken at the European Union (EU) and national level have affected labour mobility, the impact these measures have had on macro trends of posting to Austria, and lastly, how the pandemic and the actions against it have influenced the lives of posted workers at the individual level.Design/methodology/approachIn this article, the authors focus on the specific case of posting to Austria. The authors ask whether, and if so, how EU and national policies which came about during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the motility of posted workers, and how these workers used their mobility capital in this unfolding context. The authors address the research questions with analyses of EU and national level policies, use administrative data on posting, and individual-level data based on interviews with posted workers and public authorities.FindingsThe authors find that the Austrian government's public health and economic priorities were jointly influential on the motility of cross-border workers. The specific case of the posted workers shed new light on the limits to such a national sovereignty approach when it comes to economic interests in an increasingly interdependent European labour market. This study’s findings show that despite the access provided at the policy levels, the motility of posted workers was also affected by their individual circumstances, or competences, which produced different forms of appropriation.Originality/valueThe authors apply the theoretical framework of motility by studying policy developments through the element of access options and conditions, and the posting trends to Austria and worker experiences at the individual level through the lenses of appropriation and competences. The authors find that while the EU and national public policy in enhancing access options have been successful during the COVID-19 period, amelioration attempts in access conditions have not been realised as observed in our analysis of the competence and appropriation dimensions of the posted workers in Austria. This highlights the need for a more integrated approach in the study of policies by exploring beyond the national and EU level policies and focussing on the implementation and observations at the individual level.