Problem Of Compensation Research Articles

Audio Compensation with Cascade Biquad Filters for Feedback Active Noise Control Headphones

In active noise control (ANC) headphones, the audio signal is modified together with the primary noise if a feedback controller is used. Although this problem can be alleviated with an FIR model of the secondary path, practical implementations are usually restricted by its computational complexity. In this paper, cascade biquad filters are used to compensate for the modification of the audio system. Instead of using classical identification methods with an IIR model, the audio compensation problem is fixed through an optimization process. An objective function evaluating the comprehensive compensation performance is proposed, whose minimum value is obtained using the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Simulations and experiments are carried out, whose results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed optimization method. The averaged compensation error can be reduced to about 0.5 dB with only two to five biquad filters.

Administrative Justice

Based on an analysis of the current state of legislation and judicial practice and also of certain specific development trends, this article considers the issues relevant to administrative and judicial reforms, identifies a number of terms important for understanding the matter in question, and highlights various problems in trying administrative cases in courts as well as in pre-trial (extrajudicial) proceedings. The new Code of Administrative Judicial Procedure of the Russian Federation is examined closely for its consistency with other procedural laws. The article also points out the problem in jurisdiction over administrative cases that may arise among the several panels of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which may arrive at different outcomes in similar disputes. The general jurisdictional approach used by courts to consider administrative offenses related to entrepreneurial activities is critically assessed. The disadvantages of rulemaking in administrative cases exercised by the economic panel of the RF Supreme Court are also outlined. After analyzing the problem of pre-trial compensation for damages caused by illegal actions of administrative bodies, a number of statutory innovations for establishing pretrial damages and tightening the procedures and measures of such liability for administrative entities are suggested. It is advisable to establish a special centralized administrative body for out-of-court settlement of administrative cases within Russia’s executive system. This would ensure the effectiveness of the institution for handling a general administrative complaint and provide administrative protection of citizens’ rights. Such a body would be able both to depoliticize and de-bureaucratize administrative authorities, and it would reduce caseloads and relieve the courts of the punitive function of prosecuting small administrative claims, a duty that is not typical for the judiciary.For citation: Panova I.V., Zaraiskiy A.A. (2022) Administrative Justice. Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 131–148 (in English). DOI:10.17323/2072- 8166.2022.3.131.148.

Coriolis Vibratory MEMS Gyro Drive Axis Control with Proxy-Based Sliding Mode Controller

MEMS (micro electrical mechanical systems) gyroscopes are used to measure the angular rate in several applications. The performance of a MEMS gyroscope is dependent on more than one factor, such as mechanical imperfections, environmental condition-dependent parameter variations, and mechanical–thermal noises. These factors should be compensated to improve the performance of the MEMS gyroscope. To overcome this compensation problem, a closed-loop control system is one of the solutions. In this paper, a closed-loop control system is implemented. However, other than previously applied methods, a proxy-based sliding mode control approach is proposed, which is a novelty for the control of the MEMS gyroscope drive axis since, to the best of our knowledge, this method has not been applied to gyroscope control problems. Proxy-based sliding mode controllers do not suffer from the chattering phenomenon. Additionally, we do not need an exact system model to implement the control law. In particular, we are investigating, in this paper, the compatibility and performance of a proxy-based sliding mode controller for a closed-loop gyroscope implementation. We show that our proposed method provides robustness against model uncertainties and disturbances and is easy to implement. We also compare the performance of classical sliding mode controllers and proxy-based sliding mode controllers, which demonstrate the evident superiority of the proxy-based controller in our implementation results. Simulation results show that system error and gyroscope total error reduced by 49.52% and 12.03%, respectively, compared to the sliding mode controller. Simulation results are supported with the experimental data, and experimental results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the proxy-based sliding mode controller.

Online Three-Axis Magnetometer Hard-Iron and Soft-Iron Bias and Angular Velocity Sensor Bias Estimation Using Angular Velocity Sensors for Improved Dynamic Heading Accuracy

This article addresses the problem of dynamic online estimation and compensation of hard-iron and soft-iron biases of three-axis magnetometers under dynamic motion in field robotics, utilizing only biased measurements from a three-axis magnetometer and a three-axis angular rate sensor. The proposed magnetometer and angular velocity bias estimator (MAVBE) utilizes a 15-state process model encoding the nonlinear process dynamics for the magnetometer signal subject to angular velocity excursions, while simultaneously estimating nine magnetometer bias parameters and three angular rate sensor bias parameters, within an extended Kalman filter framework. Bias parameter local observability is numerically evaluated. The bias-compensated signals, together with three-axis accelerometer signals, are utilized to estimate bias-compensated magnetic geodetic heading. Performance of the proposed MAVBE method is evaluated in comparison to the widely cited magnetometer-only TWOSTEP method in numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, and full-scale field trials of an instrumented autonomous underwater vehicle in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. For the proposed MAVBE, (i) instrument attitude is not required to estimate biases, and the results show that (ii) the biases are locally observable, (iii) the bias estimates converge rapidly to true bias parameters, (iv) only modest instrument excitation is required for bias estimate convergence, and (v) compensation for magnetometer hard-iron and soft-iron biases dramatically improves dynamic heading estimation accuracy.

Electromagnetic Compatibility of Compensating Devices and Converters of an Adjustable Electric Drive in Electrical Networks of Industrial Enterprises

The problems of reactive power compensation and improving the quality of electrical energy in the power supply systems of industrial enterprises are inseparable. Their relevance is due to the widespread use of electric receivers that consume reactive power and distort the quality of electrical energy in the network, as well as the implementation of new technologies, systems and equipment into production that make increased demands on the quality of electrical energy consumed. An important characteristic of the quality of electrical energy rationed by GOST 32144–2013 is the non-sinusoidal voltage. The main reason for the non-sinusoidal voltage in the electrical networks of industrial enterprises is the use of electrical equipment with a nonlinear voltage characteristic, which is a source of conductive electromagnetic interference, in particular: adjustable DC and AC electric drives, uninterruptible power supplies of electric receivers, electric welding equipment, electric arc furnaces, induction heating installations, gas-discharge radiation sources. Due to the nonlinearity of the current-voltage characteristics, the above devices consume a non-sinusoidal current from the network, which causes harmonic distortion of the supply voltage, including the fundamental harmonic component and higher harmonic components that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. Non-sinusoidal voltage, in turn, causes additional losses of power and energy in the elements of the electrical network, causes overheating and accelerated aging of the insulation of electrical equipment, reducing its operational reliability and reducing service life, worsens the accuracy of electrical measurements, causes malfunctions in automation systems, telemechanics, relay protection, electronic systems and communications. Non-sinusoidal voltage significantly complicates the compensation of reactive power in the electrical network. Compensating devices are made on the basis of capacitors, whose electrical parameters (resistance, power, current) depend on both the magnitude of the supply voltage and its harmonic composition. The present article identifies problems and proposes solutions in terms of reactive power compensation and improving the quality of electrical energy in electrical networks containing thyristor voltage converters and frequency converters used in adjustable electric drive installations of industrial enterprises.

Adaptive friction compensation for a class of mechanical systems based on LuGre model

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of friction compensation for a class of uncertain mechanical systems based on LuGre model. The objective is to develop control laws such that the position variable of the system tracks a periodic desired signal or a constant desired signal. Since the friction behavior of the system with periodic desired signals is largely different from that of the system with constant desired signals, two different adaptive control methods are presented for the two cases, respectively. For the case of periodic desired signals, an adaptive repetitive learning control method is presented, and for the case of constant desired signals, an adaptive dynamic state feedback control method is presented. Both the control laws can guarantee that all the signals in the closed loop system are bounded and the tracking errors converge to zero. Several numerical simulations are carried out to show effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.

Проблеми компенсації операційної крововтрати: стратегії об’ємної гемодинамічної підтримки (аналітичний огляд)

Актуальність. Оптимальна стратегія компенсації великої інтраопераційної крововтрати ще й досі не є чітко визначеною. Рестриктивний режим рідинної ресусцитації, що активно просувається авторами останніх рекомендацій, апріорі не здатний гарантувати безпечність проведення великих хірургічних втручань у хворих високого ризику. Мета дослідження. Висвітлення стану проблеми вибору стратегії рідинної ресусцитації при крововтраті у пацієнтів з наявністю серйозної супутньої патології. Матеріали та методи. Детальне вивчення результатів досліджень, що висвітлені в Інтернеті, щодо ефективності різних режимів рідинної ресусцитації у хворих, які піддаються в основному великим хірургічним втручанням. Результати. Рекомендації щодо застосування рестриктивного режиму рідинної ресусцитації мають вельми слабку доказову базу. Чітко не визначено саме кількісне значення терміна «рестриктивний режим ресусцитації». У дослідженнях не застосовувалися єдині методики. В різних роботах один і той же об’єм інфузії трактується і як рестриктивний, і як ліберальний режим ресусцитації. Знайдено випадки некоректного побудування дизайну досліджень. Застосування рестриктивного режиму рідинної ресусцитації при проведенні великих хірургічних втручань у хворих високого ризику викликає закономірні побоювання. Перспективним виходом є впровадження нової стратегії інтраопераційного рідинного забезпечення, що орієнтована на цілеспрямоване досягнення у хворого певних показників серцевого викиду, артеріального тиску та доставки кисню. Запорукою її успішного застосування є зростаючі можливості сучасних малоінвазійних заходів гемодинамічного моніторингу. Висновки. На сучасному етапі ліберальний режим інтра­операційної інфузійної терапії визнаний неспроможним через створення рідинного перенавантаження організму та пов’язаних із ним ускладнень. Застосування рестриктивного режиму має слабку доказову базу. Використання його у хворих високого ризику, особливо при проведенні великих хірургічних втручань, небезпечно. Найбільш перспективною є цілеспрямована рідинна підтримка, орієнтована на досягнення певних показників серцевого викиду, артеріального тиску та транспорту кисню.

Influence of Compensation, Reward and Facility Work to Satisfaction Officer of Statistical Body Center Sub-Province Bengkulu South

Officer represent top-drawer company asset in running and finishing duty. Management of human resource it is of course need exact strategy yielding pre-eminent performance. Besides, officer will show maximal ability of him when feeling balmy in condition of job with dibarengi by reciprocal effort/ feedback which given by company. Survey early the the problem of compensation, facility and reward, met by phenomenon that Statistical Body Center of Sub-Province of Bengkulu South face some condition of less as according to its officer job. this Research type use quantitative research. Method analyse in this research use Doubled Linear Regression analysis, Kofesien Determensi and hypothesis test use test t. Amount of accurate by sampel 26 Statistical Body Center employees people of Sub-Province of Bengkulu South. Result of Analysis linear regression of bergaanda the Y = 9,173 + 0,380 X1 + 0,421 X2 + 0,807 X3, this matter depict direction of regresi which are positive, its meaning Compensation variable ( X1), Reward ( X2) and facility ( X3) there are positive influence to Satisfaction of ( Y) BPS Sub-Province of Bengkulu South of Sub-Province South. Level of coefficient value of determinasi from result of enumeration by using SPSS can know coefficient value of determinasi of R square equal to 0,819. Matter this means that Compensation value ( X1) and value of Reward ( X2) and also facility ( X3) have an effect on to Satisfaction of ( Y) equal to 81,9% while the rest 18,1 % influenceddby otherrvariable which not check in research of ini.Hasil test t level of signifikansi 0,05 explaining that by partial compensation, facility and reward have influence which is signifikan to Satisfaction of BPS Sub-Province of Bengkulu South. Result of test of f at level of signifikansi 0,05 explaining that compensation,facility and reward have influence by simultan signifikan to Satisfaction of BPS Sub-Province of Bengkulu South .

Importance of compensation law in private international law and problems in compensation

Importance of compensation law in private international law and problems in compensation

Construction of Resource Ecological Compensation Mechanism Model under Rural Leisure Sports Environment.

In order to solve the problem of resource ecological compensation, this paper proposed a model of resource ecological compensation mechanism based on a rural leisure sports environment. The model is carried out in many places in China. The survey data involves 31 provinces, 10 years, and 43 indicators, with a total of 43 × 10 × 31 = 13,330 data. The preliminary basis of mechanism construction is summarized from four aspects. Finally, make full use of modern information technology to improve the network platform of the compensation mechanism, promote the efficient allocation and comprehensive utilization of ecotourism resources, and lay a solid foundation for establishing a reasonable and perfect resource ecological compensation mechanism and ensuring the long-term and stable operation of the mechanism. Through the experiment, it is found that the timely and effective publication of information can eliminate the inner estrangement between the two sides, so as to make the behavior of both sides more rational. A special information feedback department is established to deal with the opinions put forward by all compensation parties in tourism development, extract effective information, summarize and publish reasonable guidance information, and guide the compensation of both sides to an ideal balance through the feedback of this information. The effectiveness of the experiment is verified.

Windrush Generation in the Context of the Modern Development of Multiracial Great Britain

The author focuses on events related to the understanding of the role and place of immigrants from the West-India in modern multiracial society in Britain that have been largely unexplored in Russian historical scholarship. The first part of the article provides a brief historical outline relating to the arrival in the United Kingdom in 1948 of the ship “Empire Windrush”, which symbolised the beginning of mass immigration into the country. The second part of the article analyses the parliamentary discussions on the commemorative events of the 70th anniversary and the social and political scandal that arose on the eve of the celebration. The author pays particular attention to clarifying the controversial question in the political discourse in the United Kingdom as to what the true reason was for the surge of immigration from colonies and countries that gained their sovereign status after the Second World War. The third part provides an overview of the settlement of the scandal and the problem of monetary compensation to the affected citizens. Sources include debates in both Houses of Parliament, Cabinet documents, and statistical data. Historical-genetic, comparative and structural-functional analysis became the research methods. The author concludes that the wide public and political resonance of the anniversary celebrations and all related events reflects the complexity and multifaceted nature of the problem of migrant integration and the reconfiguration of the existing model of national identity of Great Britain, the “outlier” element of which is the attitude towards the colonial and post-colonial past of the country. Against the backdrop of debates in Parliament, there was a demand from various ethnic groups, including those represented in the political establishment, for recognition of their real contribution to the development of the United Kingdom, an inclusive environment, and multiracial diversity. The outlined topics clarify the features of the migration picture in Great Britain and bring about an understanding of fundamental questions about the essence of British identity.

The innovation and value pursuit of the compensation system in the gig economy

With the rapid development of network technology, the gig economy has once again set off a new wave, and the public gradually accepts the new employment mode in the gig economy, and the emergence and development of the gig economy have significantly influenced enterprises. It is both an opportunity and a challenge for enterprise compensation management. This paper begins with an analysis of problems of employment compensation in the gig economy and further proposes some innovation strategies and value pursuits for the compensation system of enterprises. This paper will help enterprises and gig workers reshape the balanced employment relationship to promote the healthy and long-term development of the enterprise compensation system in the gig economy.

К ВОПРОСУ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ МОРАЛЬНОГО ВРЕДА В РАМКАХ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА И УГОЛОВНОГО ПРОЦЕССА, ПРИЧИНЕННОГО В СВЯЗИ С СОВЕРШЕНИЕМ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ

Moral harm and the criteria for its determination have long been an object of scientific interest on the part of both legal scholars and practicing lawyers. The cross-sectoral nature of the problem of compensation for moral damage caused in connection with a committed crime leads to the need to clarify the issue of the procedure for considering cases of this category (in civil or criminal proceedings), as well as determining the conditions for its recovery. It is indicated that the fundamental factor is to establish the degree of guilt of the offender, the degree of physical and mental suffering for a citizen who is a victim of a criminal act. Conclusions and suggestions are made on possible improvement of procedural legislation and law enforcement practice in the field of consideration of cases related to compensation for moral damage caused by a crime. It is proposed to amend the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation «Some issues of the application of legislation on compensation for moral harm» dated December 20, 1994, № 10, supplementing it with criteria for determining the amount of compensation.

Problems of compensation for damage related to violation of the victim's right to criminal proceedings within a reasonable time in case of illegal inaction of law enforcement officers conducting verification of a crime report

Problems of compensation for damage related to violation of the victim's right to criminal proceedings within a reasonable time in case of illegal inaction of law enforcement officers conducting verification of a crime report

O ochronie przed maltretowaniem na podstawie VIII Poprawki do Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych w odniesieniu do art. 3 Europejskiej konwencji praw człowieka

The article focuses on the protection against ill-treatment, as stipulated in the Amendment VIII to the United States Constitution in relation to the similar guarantee provided by Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Using the case-law of the U.S. courts, the author analyses the meaning of words used in the Amendment VIII („cruel and unusual punishment”) in relation to their counterpart in the Convention („torture” and „inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”). The use of particular words in the Amendment VIII causes a limitation of the protection against ill-treatment in the U.S. to criminal proceedings. In the subsequent part the author discusses two typical instances of use of the Amendment VIII: disproportional punishment and overstepping limits of criminalisation. The problem of compensation for ill-treatment is also described. The analysis of the aforementioned issues leads to the conclusion that the U.S. legal system offers a lower standard of protection against ill-treatment than its European counterpart.

Problems of compensation of negative consequences during withdrawalland plots for the placement of linear objects on agricultural lands

Problems of compensation of negative consequences during withdrawalland plots for the placement of linear objects on agricultural lands

ВІДШКОДУВАННЯ ШКОДИ, ЗАПОДІЯНОЇ ВНАСЛІДОК ВОЄННИХ ДІЙ

The purpose of this study is to highlight the actual problems of compensation for damage caused by military actions and to formulate proposals for improving such compensation. One of the objectives of the study is to develop practical recommendations and options for obtaining proper compensation. The article is based on the provisions of civil law, judicial practice and legal doctrine. The research is grounded on methods of synthesis, analysis as well as on comparative-legal and formal-logical methods. The problems of bringing and determining the extent of the damage were investigated. The analysis of the existing mechanisms of compensation for damage caused to natural persons, as well as the study of legislative initiatives aiming at realization of rights to receive compensation for damage or destruction of certain categories of immovable property as a result of fighting actions, terrorist acts, and sabotage caused by military aggression of Russian Federation were carried out. The main problematic aspects of the procedure of compensation of damage afflicted, particularly, the issue of the subject-matter composition (who has the right to receive such compensation) are highlighted. The problems of proving the destruction of property for further compensation, compensation of the damage afflicted and damages are emphasized. Therefore the presence of property damage in the form of destroyed or damaged one should be confirmed by relevant evidence: recording of information with witnesses or other authorized persons; photo and video fixation; use of materials of mass media; explanation of witnesses of shooting or detailed testimony of neighbors, relatives, friends. The problem of determining the size of the property that suffered damage or loss was investigated. The necessity for development of the methodology to determine the damage and losses afflicted by military actions, terrorist acts, and sabotage caused by military aggression of the Russian Federation was stressed and justified. Analyzing the experience of previous years, particularly the occupation of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, the experience of other states, as well as legislative and subordinate innovations, some practical advice for compensation of damage caused by military actions was developed and the basic ways of obtaining the compensation were proposed. Keywords: Civil and legal responsibility; compensation; state responsibility.

Компенсация морального вреда: актуальные проблемы теории и практики

The article deals with the actual problems of compensation for moral damage arising in theory and judicial practice. In particular, the concept of "moral harm" is considered from the point of view of the expediency of its use to denote physical and moral suffering," the property status of the victim is considered as a criterion for determining the amount of compensation. Judicial practice is also analyzed, the question is raised about the need to supplement the list of cases when citizens have the right to count on compensation for moral damage in violation of their property rights. It is suggested that it is necessary to create a special "Moral Damage Compensation Fund".

Generalized Compensation Principle

Economic disruptions (techonological change, trade liberalization, immigration flows) generally create winners and losers, i.e., wage gains for some individuals and wage losses for others. The compensation problem consists of designing a reform of the existing income tax system that offsets the wefare losses by redistributing the gains of the winners. We derive a closed-form formula for the compensating tax reform and its impact on the government budget when only distortionary tax instruments are available and wages are determined endogenously in general equilibrium. We apply this result to the compensation of automation in the U.S. and Germany.

Види компенсаторних механізмів у осіб із розладами аутистичного спектра

The article is devoted to the analysis of compensation problems in children with autism on the basis of research and work of domestic and foreign experts in the field of defectology. The lack of targeted research in this area determined the need for a theoretical study of this issue. The study revealed the main patterns of the emergence and use of compensatory mechanisms, outlined the importance of taking them into account in practical correctional activities. The study outlined the main correlates that determine the vectors along which, based on the involvement of certain compensatory mechanisms and strategies, the development of children with autism proceeds. Such severe damage to affective development also causes the formation of a special distortion of the child's intellectual and speech development. This is understandable, because a violation of the development of Affective selectivity in contacts with the world cannot but disrupt the development of attention of an autistic child, the formation of its higher arbitrary forms. The underdevelopment of Affective mechanisms of selective and arbitrary concentration becomes an insurmountable obstacle to the development of higher mental functions. Under these conditions, even with the highest conditions of intellectual development, a child with autism cannot cognitively master the environment. Its development here if changes its direction and where mainly in line with the effective development of impressions for the needs of hypercompensatory autostimulation. Such a child learns ways to get certain stereotypical motor, sensory, speech, and even intellectual impressions. Among them, special attention was paid to disturbances in the sensory sphere, hyperesthesia, fears, autostimulations and the content of the nature of the child's emotional assessment of his environment. It was emphasized that the decisive importance for the implementation of the psychological and social level of compensation for the inclusion in this process of consciousness, volitional qualities, social motivation and the presentation of social requirements to the child, the compliance with which is necessary for existence in an environment of normotypical people.