Compensation Method Research Articles

Abstract 4173: Compensatory interactions between tryptophan catabolism and serine metabolism highlight potential vulnerabilities in TNBC cells with dysregulated de novo serine synthesis

Abstract Background: Despite the major advances people have achieved in treating breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a difficult cancer to conquer. TNBC is one of the most heterogeneous and aggressive forms of breast cancer and is characterized by the loss of ER, PR, and HER expression. Due to the lack of these receptors, TNBCs are especially hard to treat with traditional methods that target these receptors, necessitating a more targeted approach to tackling these cancers. Serine and tryptophan are both metabolites that play crucial roles in the production and balance of nucleotides, energy and redox. These overlaps in metabolic functions make it likely that these two metabolites play compensatory roles under certain conditions. Different TNBCs have been shown to have vastly varying levels of de novo serine synthesis capacity and IDO1 expression. In our study, we attempt to uncover the role of tryptophan catabolism, in relation to serine metabolism in TNBC cells. Methods: LC-MS with [U-13C11]-Tryptophan and [U-13C3]-Serine were used to analyze their contributions to nucleotide synthesis, and energy metabolism via the tryptophan catabolism pathway and the folate/methionine cycle, respectively. [U-13C6]-Glucose was used to analyze its contribution to de novo serine synthesis under disrupted serine and tryptophan metabolism conditions. IDO1 inhibitor (Epacadostat), PHGDH inhibitor, and SHMT inhibitor (SHIN1) were used to inhibit tryptophan catabolism, de novo serine synthesis, and folate cycle, respectively. Cell growth was assessed via cell count imaging and changes in protein expression in relevant pathways were evaluated via western blot. Results: IDO1 inhibition showed varying levels of efficacy in different TNBC cells relating to their ability to synthesize serine and the availability of extracellular serine. Growth was most affected in cell lines with dysfunctional de novo serine synthesis indicating a compensatory effect between tryptophan catabolism and serine synthesis. This was further corroborated with the changes observed in IDO1 and PHGDH expression under enzymatic inhibition and metabolic deprivation. LC-MS analysis on IDO1, PHGDH, and SHMT inhibition showed different methods of compensation in different cell lines, with some exhibiting larger changes in nucleotide synthesis, while others in energy (NAD/H and ATP) and redox metabolism (NAD(P)/H). Conclusion: Our findings show serine and tryptophan metabolism are tightly co-regulated in TNBC cells. It also highlights the heterogeneity and complexity of how these cells utilize varying metabolic pathways to achieve these compensatory interactions. Our data supports that certain TNBC cells with dysfunctional de novo serine synthesis may be vulnerable to strategies that leverage their limited capacity to compensate between these pathways. Citation Format: Jin Heon Jeon, Abhinav Achreja, Mark Slayton, Olamide Animasahun, Minal Nenwani, Fulei Wuchu, Sofia D. Merajver, Deepak Nagrath. Compensatory interactions between tryptophan catabolism and serine metabolism highlight potential vulnerabilities in TNBC cells with dysregulated de novo serine synthesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 4173.

Research on Machining Parameter Optimization and an Electrode Wear Compensation Method of Microgroove Micro-EDM

In the process of micro-EDM, tool electrode wear is inevitable, especially for complex three-dimensional cavities or microgroove structures. Tool electrode wear accumulates during machining, which will finally affect machining accuracy and machining quality. It is necessary to reduce electrode wear and compensate it through micro-EDM. Therefore, based on an established L27 orthogonal experiment, this paper uses the grey relational analysis (GRA) method to realize multi-objective optimization of machining time and electrode wear, so as to achieve the shortest machining time and the minimum electrode wear during machining under the optimal machining parameter combination. Then, the orthogonal experiment results are used as dataset of artificial neural networks (ANNs), and an ANN prediction model is established. Combined with image processing technology, the bottom profile of the machined microgroove is extracted and then an electrode axial wear compensation equation is fitted, and a fixed-length nonlinear compensation method for electrode axial wear is proposed. Finally, the GRA optimal experiment shows that machining time, electrode axial wear and radial wear are reduced by 13.89%, 3.31%, and 10.80%, respectively, compared with the H17 orthogonal experiment with the largest grey relational grade. For the study of electrode axial wear compensation methods, the consistency of the depth and width of the machined microgroove structure with compensation is significantly better than that of the microgroove structure without compensation. This result shows that the proposed fixed-length nonlinear compensation method can effectively compensate electrode axial wear in micro-EDM and improve machining quality to a certain extent.

A friction compensation approach of a 6 axis hybrid robot by considering joint inertia change.

The feedforward compensation based on friction model is an effective way to reduce the influence of friction on mechanical system. This paper presents an approach for friction compensation by considering the inertia change of the actuated joints of a 6-axis hybrid robot named TriMule. First, the tracking errors of each actuated joint of the parallel mechanism at high and low inertia configurations are displayed. Then, a compensation approach considering inertia change is developed by introducing the inertia term of the joint driving force into the traditional Stribeck model as thrust. Furthermore, the improved approach based on radial basis function interpolation without using the dynamic model is proposed, which has a simple calculation expression and acceptable compensation effect. Experiment results on a prototype machine show that compared to otherwise similar compensation method not considering joint inertia change, the tracking accuracy can be improved up to 25.73% at high inertia configurations.

Enhancing lithographic accuracy by mitigating overlay errors via mask-induced thermal and mechanical optimization.

As technology nodes continue to shrink, the demand for higher lithographic accuracy in integrated circuit fabrication intensifies. To address the limitations of traditional compensation methods, this study proposes a mask-induced thermal and mechanical optimization approach to mitigate overlay errors, thereby enhancing lithographic precision in emerging techniques such as nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and surface plasmon lithography (SPL). This approach integrates stress application schemes with localized thermal effects, resulting in a range of compensation strategies based on mask-induced thermal-mechanical coupling. Through mathematical modeling and moment balance assumptions, the technique leverages the linear superposition property for overlay error compensation and identifies 20 key compensation parameters through statistical analysis and optimization algorithms. Experimental validation demonstrates that the compensation effectiveness for completely random, linear, quadratic, and higher-order overlay errors reaches 89.18%, 93.05%, 64.75%, and 53.89%, respectively. In 24 rounds of random testing, the average compensation in the X and Y directions was 91.98%, showing strong stability and consistency. Furthermore, finite element method (FEM) simulations validate the model, revealing a residual overlay error compensation of less than 0.2 nm, with a calculation-to-validation discrepancy under 0.9%, confirming the model's accuracy. This technology provides a reliable solution for overlay error compensation in emerging lithographic techniques like lensless SPL and NIL and offers valuable insights for future research in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) and deep ultraviolet lithography (DUVL), with potential applications in integrated circuit lithography and further validation across various mask types and complex exposure areas.&#xD.

A High-Efficiency Wireless Information and Energy Co-Transmission System Based on Self-Compensating Inductive Temperature Sensitivity Error

To address the stability issues of energy and information transmission in wireless power and information transfer system operating over a wide temperature range, this paper establishes a mathematical model of the resonant frequency of an electromagnetic coupling system under varying temperature conditions. Simulations and experiments are conducted to analyze the impact of temperature on resonance characteristics. The results show that within the temperature range of −40 °C to 50 °C, frequency deviation leads to a reduction in the power deviation coefficient to 35.93%. To mitigate this issue, a real-time frequency compensation method based on Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) is proposed, which dynamically adjusts the operating frequency to ensure that the system remains in optimal resonance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the system’s operating frequency error from 3 kHz to within 0.2 kHz (a 93.33% reduction), restoring the power deviation coefficient to 0.54% and significantly improving system stability and reliability. This study provides theoretical support and engineering insights for the optimization of electromagnetic coupling wireless power and the information transfer system under wide temperature conditions.

Hybrid Compensation Method for Non-Uniform Creep Difference and Hysteresis Nonlinearity of Piezoelectric-Actuated Machine Tools Under S-Shaped Curve Trajectory

Piezoelectric-actuated machine tools (PAMTs) exhibit nanoscale motion capabilities, with their S-shaped curve trajectory further enabling smooth path execution and reduced terminal pulse. However, the speed changes inherent in multi-order trajectories introduce an additional non-uniform creep difference (NCD), which differs significantly from conventional hysteresis effects. Traditional models are inadequate for addressing this mixed shape nonlinearity. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a hybrid compensation method for the S-shaped curve trajectory of piezoelectric-actuated machine tools. The general deformation law is first established through a comprehensive mechanism analysis. The NCD and hysteresis, induced by speed changes and inherent properties, are decoupled and addressed using a pre-known phenomenon model and a clockwise operator model, respectively. Finally, a hybrid feedforward control strategy is developed to integrate these models for effective compensation. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid compensation method achieves a maximum relative error of 5.48% and a maximum mean square error of 0.28%, effectively mitigating the dual nonlinear factors arising from the piezoelectric-actuated machine tool’s trajectory in feedforward control.

Measurement error compensation method for TDOA-based localization under non-line-of-sight conditions

Measurement error compensation method for TDOA-based localization under non-line-of-sight conditions

Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Feature Enhancement and Recursive Motion Compensation for Satellite Video Geographic Registration

Satellite video geographic alignment can be applied to target detection and tracking, true 3D scene construction, image geometry measurement, etc., which is a necessary preprocessing step for satellite video applications. In this paper, a multi-scale spatiotemporal feature enhancement and recursive motion compensation method for satellite video geographic alignment is proposed. Based on the SuperGlue matching algorithm, the method achieves automatic matching of inter-frame image points by introducing the multi-scale dilated attention (MSDA) to enhance the feature extraction and adopting a joint multi-frame optimization strategy (MFMO), designing a recursive motion compensation model (RMCM) to eliminate the cumulative effect of the orbit error and improve the accuracy of the inter-frame image point matching, and using a rational function model to establish the geometrical mapping between the video and the ground points to realize the georeferencing of satellite video. The geometric mapping between video and ground points is established by using the rational function model to realize the geographic alignment of satellite video. The experimental results show that the method achieves the inter-frame matching accuracy of 0.8 pixel level, and the georeferencing accuracy error is 3 m, which is a significant improvement compared with the traditional single-frame method, and the method in this paper can provide a certain reference for the subsequent related research.

Overview of Research Methods for Temperature Error Compensation of Sensors

Sensors are widely used in various industrial and agricultural production practices. However, due to factors such as materials and structures used in manufacturing or packaging, their output signals are easily affected by changes in environmental temperature, leading to measurement errors. Sensor temperature error compensation technology is an important means to improve measurement accuracy, which is of great significance for sensors to play a greater role in industrial production. By reviewing relevant literature in recent years, this article summarizes the commonly used hardware compensation methods for sensor error compensation, methods for controlling the working temperature of sensors, methods for optimizing peripheral circuit compensation, and software compensation. With the continuous development of sensor technology, temperature error compensation methods are also constantly innovating and improving. In the future, temperature error compensation for sensors will pay more attention to real-time, adaptive, and intelligent capabilities to meet high-precision measurement requirements in various complex environments. This article helps researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the research methods and current status of sensor temperature error compensation, and also provides some research ideas for researchers in related fields.

Compensation for the hysteresis nonlinearity displacement of the piezoelectric transducer in the phase shift interferometer

Abstract The phase shift interferometer can be used to detect the wavefront phase of optical system and the piezoelectric transducer is widely used as a phase shifter in phase shift interferometer. However, the displacement of piezoelectric transducer presents hysteresis nonlinearity. Hence, when the equal-step phase shift algorithm (e.g. the Schwider-Hariharan phase-shifting algorithm which obtains five images and sets the phase-shifting between images to 90 degrees) is used in the phase shift interferometer to calculate the wavefront phase, the nonlinearity of piezoelectric transducer will introduce error to the 90 degrees phase-shifting between images. Then the calculated wavefront phase will contain the error. Hence, it is necessary to propose a method to diminish the phase error. The method by choosing an optimized phase-shifting algorithm has been used to mitigate the phase error. However, the method does not directly focus on piezoelectric transducer itself. In the paper, we propose a method by compensating for the hysteresis nonlinearity displacement of piezoelectric transducer to mitigate the phase error. We analyze the relationship between the nonlinearity displacement of piezoelectric transducer and phase shift error and establish the error models to analyze the relationship between the phase shift error and phase error. Furtherly, we propose the Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) closed-loop feedback control method to compensate for the hysteresis nonlinearity displacement of piezoelectric transducer. The results indicate that, with compensated, the maximum tracking error is reduced from 18.89 % to 5.5 %. And in the ascending stage, the PV error and RMS error with compensated are less 12.35nm and 4.34nm than the PV error and RMS error without compensated. In the descending stage, the PV error and RMS error with compensated are less 19.15nm and 6.76nm than the PV error and RMS error without compensated. Hence, the proposed compensation method can improve the detection accuracy of the phase shift interferometer.

Practical continuous-variable quantum secret sharing using local local oscillator

Although continuous-variable quantum secret sharing (CVQSS) has been theoretically proven to be secure, it may still be vulnerable to various local oscillator (LO) attacks. To close this loophole, here we propose a practical CVQSS scheme using local LO (LLO-CVQSS), where LO is no longer generated by each user but is locally generated by the legitimate dealer. This waives the necessity that all LOs have to be transmitted through untrusted channels, making CVQSS system naturally immune to all LO-aimed attacks and enhancing its practical security. We also develop a dedicated phase compensation method for LLO-CVQSS to control the phase noise, and construct a noise model that derives its security bound against both eavesdroppers and dishonest users. Finally, numerical simulation shows that LLO-CVQSS can support 30 users at the same time and the maximal transmission distance reaches 112 km, revealing its potential for building large-scale practical quantum communication networks.

Luminance compensation for stretchable displays using deep visual feature‐optimized Gaussian‐weighted kernels

AbstractStretchable displays, characterized by their flexibility and deformability, are gaining attention as next‐generation display technologies. While various studies have been conducted on hardware aspects of stretchable displays, the software aspects have received comparatively less focus. When displays are stretched, empty pixels inevitably lead to a decrease in overall luminance, which significantly degrades visual quality and user experience. To address this issue from a software aspect, we propose a novel luminance compensation method that leverages deep learning through a Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS)‐based pre‐optimization technique combined with Gaussian‐weighted kernels. The proposed method applies relatively higher values to areas near empty pixels, where luminance loss is most significant while preserving the original luminance in unaffected areas. This design minimizes color distortion and enhances brightness effectively. Specifically, the optimal brightness increase rates (BIRs) are pre‐optimized using an LPIPS‐based loss function, tailored to various stretching scenarios, such as stretching types, directions, and rates. Based on the optimized BIRs, Gaussian‐weighted kernels are generated for efficient luminance adjustment. Our method flexibly supports diverse stretching conditions, including linear/non‐linear stretching and uni‐directional/bi‐directional stretching, with stretching ratios ranging from 10% to 30%. Through simulations, we qualitatively and quantitatively compared the proposed method with existing approaches, demonstrating superior performance across a wide range of scenarios.

A Study on Flight Vehicle's Attitude Changes with Respect to a Ground Station by Considering Earth Curvature

When a ground station is tracking a flight vehicle, flight vehicle’s aspect angle with respect to a ground station is required to predict a received signal strength and determine an optimal time to conduct radar handovers. When determining a flight vehicle's aspect angle with respect to a ground station, range/azimuth/elevation coordinate system referenced to a ground station and attitude(roll/pitch/yaw) of a flight vehicle are needed. If tracking range between a ground station and a flight vehicle is sufficiently far, additional compensation for roll and pitch angles should be considered. In this paper, angular compensation method for roll and pitch is proposed in a consideration of earth curvature. And then, flight vehicle's aspect angles with respect to the ground station are obtained and flight vehicle's attitude changes with respect to three ground stations are visualized.

Phase Disturbance Compensation for Quantitative Imaging in Off-Axis Digital Holographic Microscopy

Holographic detection technology has found extensive applications in biomedical imaging, surface profilometry, vibration monitoring, and defect inspection due to its unique phase detection capability. However, the accuracy of quantitative holographic phase imaging is significantly affected by the interference from direct current and twin image terms. Traditional methods, such as multi-exposure phase shifting and off-axis holography, have been employed to mitigate these interferences. While off-axis holography separates spectral components by introducing a tilted reference beam, it inevitably induces phase disturbances that compromise measurement accuracy. This study provides a computational explanation for the incomplete phase compensation issue in existing algorithms and establishes precision criteria for phase compensation based on theoretical formulations. We propose two novel phase compensation methods—the non-iterative compensation approach and the multi-iteration compensation technique. The principles and applicable conditions of these methods are thoroughly elucidated, and their superiority is demonstrated through comparative experiments. The results indicate that the proposed methods effectively compensate for phase disturbances induced by the tilted reference beam, offering enhanced precision and reliability in quantitative holographic phase measurements.

Hysteresis Compensation Application in Magnetostrictive Inkjet Print-head

This study presents the experimental hysteresis compensation method implemented in a magnetostrictive inkjet print-head, utilizing the Terfenol-D, a giant magnetostrictive material. The distinctive features between the input energy and the output displacement are known as the inherent hysteresis characteristics in a ferromagnetic material, which cause major obstacles to the output performance. Therefore, an appropriate compensation method is necessary to reduce the Hysteresis Loss (HL). Previous research has focused on mathematical models such as the Preisach or the Jile – Atherton models. However, such models are complicated, and it is thus challenging for them to control hysteresis in a real-time system. This paper solves the aforementioned problem based on the charging and discharging of an RC-circuit, which is known as the experimental compensation method. In the experiment, an attempt to compensate for hysteresis at the frequencies of 5 Hz and 100 Hz is made. For each frequency, different ranges of the capacitance value are selected to find the resistance value. A resistor with the value of 50 Ω is chosen and integrated into the compensation circuit. Through the experiment, optimal capacitance values of 335 μF and 10.75 μF are obtained at the considered frequencies. The results are attained using PEDOT: PSS and silver nanoparticle ink to validate the droplet formation. In both cases, the droplet formation is estimated and calculated in terms of the droplet diameter, tail length, droplet volume, and breaking time.

Doppler compensation and sparse channel estimation method based on CZT in underwater acoustic OFDMcommunications

Abstract The Doppler-delay double-spreading problem in underwater acoustic channels brought great challenges to applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology. To address the issues of Doppler compensation and channel estimation in OFDM, we proposed a Doppler compensation method based on the Chirp-Z transform (CZT) and an orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) channel estimation method based on the Chirp-Z transform. Simulation results demonstrate that these methods improve performance and reduce complexity compared to traditional approaches.

Error Compensation Method of GNSS/INS Integrated Navigation System Based on PSO-LSTM

Error Compensation Method of GNSS/INS Integrated Navigation System Based on PSO-LSTM

Discussion of the implementation of water compensation methods for recycled aggregate concrete: A critical review

Discussion of the implementation of water compensation methods for recycled aggregate concrete: A critical review

An adaptive window compensation method for ranging outliers in the slave node assisted by the master node

An adaptive window compensation method for ranging outliers in the slave node assisted by the master node

A 3D spectral compensation method on close-range hyperspectral imagery of plant canopies

A 3D spectral compensation method on close-range hyperspectral imagery of plant canopies