Comparative Research Research Articles

Participation in personally meaningful activities mediates the relationship between multimorbidity and suicidal ideation among post-9/11 veterans.

Participation in personally meaningful activities mediates the relationship between multimorbidity and suicidal ideation among post-9/11 veterans.

Analysis Of Figurative Language Used In Poem Written By Emily Dickinson

This research aims to explore the use of figurative language in Emily Dickinson's poems through a theoretical study approach, providing new insights into the aesthetic richness and meaning of these classic literary works. The study analyzes various types of figurative language in Dickinson's poetry, specifically focusing on simile, metaphor, personification, paradox, and hyperbole. A qualitative research method is employed, with data collected from books and online sources related to literature and poetry. The researcher examines Dickinson’s poems by reading, identifying, understanding, and drawing conclusions about the use of figurative language. The findings indicate that figurative language in Dickinson’s poetry plays a crucial role in engaging readers, prompting them to think and imagine deeply. Additionally, the historical context and biography of the poet offer valuable insights into how literary works reflect and respond to both social and personal circumstances. The study also recommends conducting comparative research between Dickinson’s poetry and that of other female poets from the same period or those with similar literary styles. These recommendations aim to guide students, researchers, and academic institutions in studying literature, particularly in understanding how language is used to convey ideas and create a distinctive literary experience for readers.

Korean Media Strategies in Constructing Global Education Narratives: A Framing Analysis of SEVENTEEN's Speech at UNESCO

This research employs Pan and Kosicki's framing model to examine the depiction of SEVENTEEN's address at the 2023 UNESCO Youth Forum by Korean online media. The study analyzed three leading media sources: The Chosun Daily, Hankyoreh, and The Kyunghyang Shinmun, each showcasing distinct ideological perspectives. This research employs qualitative methods to explore how these outlets intentionally utilize syntactic, script, thematic, and rhetorical framing components to construct the conveyed message. The results indicate that The Chosun Daily prioritizes national pride and unity, Hankyoreh emphasizes humanitarian and educational themes, while The Kyunghyang Shinmun showcases youth empowerment and solidarity. Although they have differing ideologies, the three media organizations advocate for common principles, such as the significance of education, international collaboration, and leadership among young people. This research highlights the significant influence of framing on the public's views of global occurrences and personalities, particularly within the realm of public diplomacy via K-pop. Furthermore, it aids in the progression of media studies by offering perspectives on how cultural symbols shape stories of optimism, collaboration, and citizenship. Future comparative research is suggested to examine cross-cultural framing methods in digital journalism.

STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS IN BOARDING AND DAY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS IN NASARAWA NORTH SENATORIAL ZONE

This study investigated the trends and comparative patterns in students’ performance in Mathematics and Physics in boarding and day secondary schools across Nasarawa North Senatorial Zone between 2020 and 2024. The research adopted an ex-post facto and descriptive comparative research design. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 15 secondary schools (comprising both boarding and day schools), with a total of 300 students based on official WAEC and NECO examination results. A structured checklist was used to retrieve academic records for both subjects across the five-year period. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA, with significance tested at α = 0.05. Findings revealed a consistent but modest improvement in students’ performance in both subjects over the five years. Students in boarding schools outperformed their counterparts in day schools, and significant gender differences were observed, with male students achieving higher mean scores. The study also identified several environmental and institutional factors contributing to the observed performance disparities, including learning resources, study routines, and home learning environments. The study concludes that both school type and gender significantly influence students’ academic performance. It recommends targeted interventions such as gender-responsive teaching practices, improved facilities in day schools, and regular performance monitoring. The findings have implications for education policy, school administration, and curriculum planners seeking to close achievement gaps and improve science education outcomes in Nigeria.

Governance on Elementary Education in Tripura with special reference to Local Self Governance and State Government administration

This study examines the governance of elementary education in Tripura, India, focusing on the dual administrative systems of the State Government and the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC). Decentralization in education is crucial for improving efficiency, accountability, and responsiveness, yet challenges persist in implementation. The research explores the structure, management, and administration of elementary education under these two governance systems, identifying key drawbacks such as infrastructural deficiencies, teacher absenteeism, and geographic inaccessibility, particularly in tribal-dominated districts like Dhalai. Using secondary data and interviews with 12 elementary school head teachers, the study evaluates recent state initiatives such as Nutan Disha, Bochhor Bachao Abhiyan, and Empower U-Shiksha Darpan App to enhance accountability and learning outcomes. Findings reveal systemic inefficiencies and disparities in governance, necessitating reforms to align with India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes experiential learning and decentralized administration. The study underscores the need for comparative research on accountability mechanisms for school heads and teacher performance across governance models. Recommendations include strengthening institutional capacity, improving digital governance, and fostering participatory decision-making to ensure equitable and quality education in Tripura.

Air Pollution and Its Impact on Health and Performance in Football Players

Air pollution is an escalating global concern with significant implications for human health and athletic performance. This narrative review synthesizes and critically compares the current literature on the impact of air pollution on health and football performance, elucidates the physiological mechanisms involved, and evaluates available mitigation strategies. Comparative studies consistently demonstrate that football players—who frequently engage in high-intensity outdoor exercise—are particularly susceptible to the harmful effects of airborne pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). These pollutants bypass natural respiratory defenses due to increased pulmonary ventilation during exercise, reaching deeper lung regions and triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired lung function. Evidence across studies indicates that poor air quality is associated with decreased football performance, including reduced distance covered, fewer high-intensity efforts, elevated physiological strain, and diminished training adaptation. Long-term exposure exacerbates respiratory conditions, suppresses immune function, and heightens the risk of illness and injury. Furthermore, comparative genetic research highlights inter-individual variability in pollution sensitivity, with specific gene variants conferring either increased vulnerability or resilience to adverse effects. This review also explores practical and emerging mitigation strategies—such as timing training to avoid peak pollution, utilizing air quality monitoring and antioxidant-rich diets, and promoting sustainable infrastructure—to safeguard athlete health and optimize performance. Novel approaches including respiratory training, anti-smog masks, indoor sessions, and personalized recovery protocols offer additional protection and recovery support.

Development of Modern Women's Entrepreneurship - "Digital Moms" in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Today, entrepreneurship represents a career opportunity for women of all age groups, especially for young mothers who can be with their children and work at the same time. There are more women than men living in the European Union, there are only a little more than a third of the self-employed in the European Union. Social networks represent a very economical and cost-effective way of advertising products, which provides an outlet for female entrepreneurship in the sense that today everything can be much more visible in the world than it was before. Advertising with social networks is the most common form of informing users about new products or services, this especially applies to the younger group of users. The aim of the work is to present an analysis of the role and importance of young mothers in the development of entrepreneurship in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The subject of the research is related to the success of this type of entrepreneurship in the Balkans, its survival, and growth in the future. Methodology: The hypothesis that H0 – small entrepreneurship of young mothers has a significant impact on the development of entrepreneurship in the Balkans was tested through comparative research conducted based on questionnaires and available research on the Internet. The obtained research results indicate newly emerging trends, but it is necessary to point out that these same trends are expected. The study presents the results of research from the previous period in this area. The key conclusions from the research refer to the observation of variables that can be useful in making more effective decisions on this matter in the future. This represents the mission of female entrepreneurship, which leads to determining priorities such as professional training and improvement of women's knowledge and skills, promotion of a favorable image of women in business, and the establishment of new companies owned by women - self-employment. Keywords: entrepreneur, marketing, management, social network, mother.

Application of project-driven dual-teacher teaching model in the practical teaching of biomedicine

BackgroundThis research sought to assess the impact of a project-oriented dual-teacher internship model in comparison to a conventional internship model within the context of biotechnology major internships.MethodsThis study employed a comparative research approach, involving 171 interns from the biotechnology major at a specific higher education institution. Of these, 101 interns underwent traditional internships, while 70 participated in a dual-teacher internship, grounded in the school-enterprise collaborative innovation project. Data collection was achieved through questionnaires and interviews, aimed at assessing the efficacy of various internship modalities.ResultsStudents who undertook the dual-teacher internship exhibited enhanced satisfaction, particularly in relation to their overall experience, knowledge verification, and the transformation of theoretical skills.Furthermore, the students who participated in the double teacher practice were more inclined to continue education and self-improvement.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that the project-driven dual-teacher internship approach yields superior educational outcomes compared to the conventional internship model in the field of biotechnology.

A matrix of educational policies to support migrant students across Europe

Increase in immigration in Europe, including many migrants of school age, has highlighted the need to understand how best to support migrant students’ integration. Integration strategies vary significantly between countries, resulting in a complex mosaic of approaches that is difficult to analyze. Educational policies are shaped by a range of policy choices made by local and national governments regarding the economy, welfare, and foreign policy. Rather than examining education policies in isolation, this study adopts an integrated approach considering a broader policy landscape. We develop a matrix that considers migrant integration in schools within the wider education welfare regimes and approaches to inclusion and diversity. To validate the matrix’s relevance, we compare migrant inclusion strategies in 29 European countries, revealing a patchwork of policy choices within those three domains. The findings highlight the complexity of interaction between education policies and the broader integration environment and demonstrate how policy choices are deeply rooted in each country’s unique cultural, social, and historical contexts. We conclude by discussing how the proposed matrix can serve as a tool for comparative research on migrant students’ education and suggest directions for its further development.

Beyond Force Majeure: Rethinking Contractual Risk through the Lens of Shariah and Common Law Doctrines

This article explores the limitations of the traditional force majeure doctrine in managing contractual risks and proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates principles from both Shariah and common law. While force majeure clauses in common law primarily serve to excuse non-performance due to unforeseen events, their rigid and narrow application often leaves parties exposed to inequities and unresolved risks. Shariah law, by contrast, emphasizes ethical considerations, risk-sharing, and judicial flexibility, focusing on public interest (maslahah) and avoidance of harm (darar). This study adopts a comparative legal research design to analyze how each legal system conceptualizes and addresses contractual risks beyond force majeure, including doctrines such as frustration, impossibility, and istihalah (transformation). The findings reveal that Shariah’s adaptable and equitable approach complements the common law’s strict contractual interpretations, offering valuable insights for hybrid and transnational contracts. By synthesizing these doctrines, the article advocates for a more flexible, fair, and resilient contractual framework that transcends mere excuse and promotes cooperation, risk-sharing, and contract adaptation in complex commercial environments. Contractual risk allocation traditionally relies on doctrines like force majeure to address unforeseen events that excuse performance. However, the growing integration of Islamic finance and common law-based commercial transactions invites a comparative exploration of how Shariah and common law conceptualize and manage contractual risks beyond force majeure. This article critically examines the similarities and divergences between the two legal traditions, explores complementary doctrines such as impossibility, frustration, and istihalah (transformation), and proposes a holistic framework to enhance contractual risk management in transnational contracts. The study underscores the potential for cross-jurisdictional enrichment, especially in contexts involving Islamic finance, hybrid contracts, and multicultural business environments.

Minority Education in Central and Eastern Europe. Toward a Framework for Comparative Analysis and Minority Rights Advocacy

Abstract We outline a framework for comparative analyses of minority education and present four illustrative Central and Eastern European (CEE) cases: Bulgaria, Estonia, the Republic of North Macedonia and Romania. The fourfold typology we develop relies on literature on minority rights and diversity management and proposes a holistic approach, differing from narrower legal analysis. We investigate education as part of larger macro-approaches of minority policies and focus on the interrelation between educational equity and identity reproduction. In our case studies, we employ a diachronic perspective, focusing on historical dynamics and pathways of educational policies, aiming to identify both gradual change and more radical shifts in institutional processes. The concept of de facto discrimination plays an important role as well: next to the historical analysis of legislative and policy changes, we use various statistics to measure educational equity. We rely on the 2022 PISA results, a tool popular in the comparative research of educational systems but underutilized in the fields of minority rights and minority policies. In our comparative inquiry, we argue that the educational systems of CEEs diverge in terms of minority identity reproduction, but few of them can be labelled as integrative, as intercultural elements are rather weak, while education usually fails to provide equity for minority students.

SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING: A SYSTEMIC APPROACH

Social and emotional learning (SEL) is relevant due to temporal challenges, including wars, manufactured and natural disasters, and epidemics. The changes in the mental and physical health of the Ukrainian population that have occurred since the hostilities outbreak determine the educatorsʼ attention to the psychological aspects of students. Psychological pressure, loss, and uncertainty of the future significantly affect a personʼs emotional state, which necessitates support in the process of education. Due to the stress, anxiety, and trauma faced by modern learners, the SEL is becoming not only an important component of the educational process but also a tool for adapting education to new realities and supporting the mental health of the Ukrainian population. The study aims to analyze existing approaches to social and emotional learning and develop a comprehensive model that integrates personnel, methodological, organizational, and monitoring components for the effective implementation of this practice in the educational process. To achieve this goal, systematic analysis, synthesis of scientific concepts, comparative research, and generalization of empirical data were used. A systemic approach to SEL allows for structuring its impact on the educational process, which ensures the unity of all elements of the learning and development process, taking into account individual needs, features of the social environment, and the resources of interaction between participants in the educational process and social institutions. The authorʼs proposed model of the SSE includes personnel, methodological, organizational, and monitoring components, allowing the implementation of the SEL at all levels of education while taking into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian educational environment. The studyʼs results show that integrating SEL into the educational process not only contributes to academic achievement but also improves studentsʼ emotional stability and social skills. SEL is designed to develop skills in emotional interaction, emotional intelligence, self-organization, interpersonal interaction, and social empathy.

A Comparative Study To Assess The Knowledge Regarding Puerperal Changes And Its Management Among Primi Postnatal Mothers With Vaginal Delivery And Caesarean Section At A Selected Maternity Hospitals, Bangalore With A View Develop On Informational Booklet

Background: Puerperium is the time following delivery during which pregnancy-induced maternal anatomical and physiological changes return to the non-pregnant state. Puerperium period of 6 weeks can be divided into: (a) immediate – within 24 hours (b) early – up to 7 days (c) remote – up to 6 weeks. The postpartum period, also known as puerperium, starts following the expulsion of the placenta until complete physiological recovery of various organ systems. The uterus shrinks back to its normal size and resumes its pre birth position by the sixth week. During this process, called involution, the excess muscle mass of the pregnant uterus is reduced, and the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is reestablished, usually by the third week. Material And Method: The Descriptive research approach with Comparative descriptive research design was selected to conduct the study at Mallasandra Maternity Hospital and Arodaya NABH Hospital Mallasandra Bangalore. It consists of 30 samples of primi postnatal mother mother with vaginal delivery and 30 samples of primi postnatal mother with caesarean section were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The tool developed and used for data collection was structured self-administered questionnaire. Expert validated the tool and the tool was found reliable and feasible. Collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: It has been found that none of the subject possessed adequate knowledge, 20.0% of the subjects possessed with moderate knowledge and 80.0% of the subjects possessed inadequate knowledge regarding puerperal changes and its management in vaginal delivery and with respect to caesarean section none of the subjects possessed adequate knowledge, 26.7% of the subjects possessed moderate knowledge and 73.3% possessed inadequate knowledge. The overall knowledge scores on puerperal changes and its management among vaginal delivery and caesarean section is 24.0%. With regard to general information of puerperium the mean knowledge score in mother with vaginal delivery is 25.0%, puerperal changes in vaginal delivery and caesarean section is 23.9% and management of puerperium is 23.3% and 25.4% in caesarean section. Finding shows that there is a significant association found between the knowledge score and selected socio-demographic variables with respect to vaginal delivery and caesarean section like age of the mother (p=8.91), age at marriage (p=12.99), educational status of mother (p=15.34), occupation of mother (p=13.85) and Family income/month (p=10.90). It also shows that there is no significant association found between the knowledge score and selected socio demographic variables like religion (p=1.56), gestational week at time of delivery (p=0.83) and bad obstetric (p=0.00). Conclusion: The study indicated that there is a need to provide knowledge regarding the puerperal changes among primi postnatal mothers with vaginal delivery and caesarean section. The present study assessed the existing knowledge of the primi postnatal mothers regarding puerperal changes. Overall findings shows that the mothers have a total knowledge score of 24.0% in both vaginal delivery and caesarean section which is inadequate.

Coastal Water Quality Assessment of Partially Remediated Oil Spill Site

Oil spills are a major environmental catastrophe that poses significant threats to marine life and coastal communities. This study assesses the coastal water quality of a partially remediated oil spill site in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental. Water samples were collected from Kimaya, Luz Banzon, and Solana stations to analyze key physico-chemical parameters, including temperature, pH, salinity, nitrate, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and oil and grease using descriptive comparative research design. According to the findings, the water quality parameters remained within acceptable limits. However, salinity in Station 3 was lower on average and not normally distributed, likely due to local activities. Among all the parameters, only temperature did not significantly differ between stations. However, it stayed within the allowable limits for Class SC waters, as defined by DENR Administrative Order 2016-08. Successful cleanup activities were indicated by oil and grease concentrations that were continuously below the reporting limit (<1 mg/L). The water quality after cleanup has remained stable throughout time, ensuring that it is suitable for marine life and recreational activities. The study emphasizes the importance of community involvement, sustained enforcement policies, and long-term monitoring in maintaining water quality in areas affected by oil spills.

Burden, quality of life, and coping of caregivers of obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy controls

Background: Caregiver burden refers to the detrimental effects of caregiving on a caregiver's health, well-being, quality of life (QoL), and adaptation to challenging circumstances. The trajectory of any chronic mental disease is determined by the burden of morbidity, treatment costs, and the caregivers' responsibilities during the rehabilitation process. Caregivers of individuals with chronic mental illness frequently exert a detrimental influence on daily living. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the long-standing, debilitating disorders that impacts the physical and mental health well-being due to its characteristics and progression. This study aims to look at how much stress caregivers feel, their QoL, and how they cope while caring for people with OCD compared to caregivers of healthy individuals, as well as exploring how these factors are connected in both groups. Methods: This research used a comparative and correlational research design. We used the purposive sampling method to collect a total of 100 samples, with 50 samples from each group. Results: The study groups were equivalent in all sociodemographic factors. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were seen in caregiving burden, QoL, and coping mechanisms. A negative correlation was identified between caregiver burden and the quality of life of caregivers of individuals with OCD, whereas no significant relationship was observed between caregiver burden and coping strategies. Conclusion: Providing care for an individual with OCD significantly affects health outcomes, adversely impacting the well-being and QoL of caregivers. The subjective and objective burdens faced by caregivers of individuals with OCD are significantly detrimental to their well-being and quality of life, resulting in adverse health effects while also fostering resilience in coping strategies.

The Class III Peroxidase Gene Family in Populus simonii: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, Gene Expression and Functional Analysis.

Class III peroxidases are plant-specific enzymes that play indispensable roles in catalyzing oxidative-reductive reactions, which are integral to numerous biochemical processes in plants. In this study, we identified 69 members of the class III peroxidase (POD) gene family in the Populus simonii genome and classified them into four subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Chromosomal localization revealed that these PsPOD genes are unevenly distributed across 19 chromosomes, with chromosomes 3 and 7 harboring the highest densities. Conserved domain and motif analyses demonstrated that all PsPOD proteins contain the characteristic peroxidase domain and share highly conserved motif structures. Cis-acting element analysis of promoter regions revealed the presence of numerous regulatory elements associated with light responsiveness, phytohormone signaling, stress responses, and plant growth and development. Transcriptome data showed that the expression of PsPOD genes varies significantly across different tissues and organs and under various stress conditions, suggesting their involvement in both developmental processes and abiotic stress responses. These findings were further validated by qRT-PCR analysis of selected PsPOD genes. Notably, PsPOD45, PsPOD69, PsPOD33, and PsPOD64 were identified as central hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network, making them promising candidates for further functional characterization. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the PsPOD gene family in P. simonii, laying a solid foundation for future functional studies and offering valuable insights for comparative research in other plant species.

Comparative Research on the Influence of the Growth System and Nutrition of Lactating Cows on the Quality and Chemical Composition of Milk

Milk is an essential food in the diet due to its great nutritional value. The quality and composition of milk varies depending on several factors such as: breed, nutrition, lactation stage and environmental conditions, etc. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the season, the number of lactations and the growth system on the variations in the composition of milk from Balță Românească and Holstein cows. The sample of animals was made up of an extensive type farm (FB1): 15 cows from the Romanian Balțata breed and intensive type farms: 15 Holstein cows in each farm, totaling 30 cows (FB2 and FB3). Extensive system milk recorded higher values ​​of somatic cells and lower values ​​of fats, proteins, lactose. The milk from the intensive system recorded the best values ​​of the chemical composition.

Comparative Research of the Developmental Stages of Tenebrio molitor L.

This study focuses on the developmental stages of Tenebrio molitor L., namely the larvae, pupae, and adult stages when fed oats and carrots. The goal is to examine the influence of nutrition on growth rates, survival, and general development, focusing on the insect's potential as a sustainable protein source and its contribution to food security and the circular economy through the use of agricultural waste. We carefully observed the insects for 131 days, during which they went through a 94-day larval phase, 19 days of pupation, and an 18-day adult stage. During this time, we diligently tracked their morphological changes and growth parameters. The study found that larvae fed a mix of oats and carrots had faster development and greater survival rates. These findings underline the importance of food choices on T. molitor's developmental efficiency. The study supports the idea that T. molitor can be a feasible alternative for sustainable protein production, contributing to food security and encouraging agricultural waste recycling for insect farming, which aligns with the ideals of a circular economy.

Corporate Governance Practices and Perceived Performance of Commercial Bank in Nepal

This study explores the role of corporate governance in the performance of selected commercial banks in Nepal. The research aims to assess the current status of corporate governance practices, analyze the relationship between key governance elements and organizational performance, and examine the overall impact of corporate governance on perceived performance. A quantitative research including descriptive and casual comparative research design were adopted, with data gathered from 200 respondents using a self-administered survey questionnaire adapted from a previously validated instrument from employees working in both public and private banks, using convenience sampling. The study employed descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses to investigate the relationship between corporate governance practices and organizational performance. The findings indicate a positive correlation between effective corporate governance and improved perceived performance, highlighting the crucial role that transparency, accountability, fairness, discipline, and responsibility play in enhancing bank performance. The research underscores the importance of implementing corporate governance practices to maximize organizational efficiency. Additionally, the study suggests that fostering a supportive work environment can boost employee satisfaction and personal growth, contributing to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives.

Staff Nurses Patient Care Approaches at Pagadian City Medical Center: Basis for Enhancement Program

Staff nurses' patient care approach plays a major role in the delivery of quality care and a good patient outcome. Staff nurses' patient care approach, particularly in the clinical nursing domain of noticing, interpreting, responding, and reflecting, is the concern of this study. With a comparative research approach, the study assesses the levels of competence in the four patient care approaches and identifies differences based on age, sex, educational attainment, years of clinical experience, and area of assignment. Findings indicate that staff nurses are highly competent in all four patient care approaches, with noticing being the highest and reflecting the lowest. Statistical computation indicates significant differences based on educational attainment and years of clinical experience, but no differences based on age, sex, or area of assignment. The study highlights the importance of continuous professional development, mentorship, and guided reflective practice to further increase nursing capacities. In light of the findings, the study recommends training workshops, simulation-based training, and policy reforms to improve clinical judgment and decision-making. The implementation of these approaches is anticipated to improve overall quality of patient care and healthcare service delivery at Pagadian City Medical Center.