Compact Definition Research Articles

A parallel recursive framework for modelling time series

Abstract Time series modelling is of significance to several scientific fields. Several approaches based on statistics, machine learning or combinations have been utilized. In order to model and forecast time series a novel parallel framework based on recursive pseudoinverse matrices is proposed. This framework enables the design of arbitrary statistical and machine learning models, adaptively, from a set of potential basis functions. This unification enables compact definition of existing and new models as well as easy implementation for new massively parallel architectures. The choice of appropriate basis functions is analysed and the fitting accuracy, termination criteria and model update operations are presented. A block variant for multivariate time series is also proposed. Parallel GPU implementation and performance optimization of the framework are provided, based on mixed precision arithmetic and matrix operations. The use of different basis functions is showcased with respect to various model univariate and multivariate time series for applications such as regression, frequency estimation and automatic trend detection. Discussions on limitations and future directions of research are also provided.

Ideal grill compactness space

In this study, we have employed the concepts of ideal and grill collections with a new definition of compactness. We call it ideal grill compact space, where we have gotten the important characteristics and relationships of those spaces.

New recursion relations for tree-level correlators in anti–de Sitter spacetime

We present for the first time classical multiparticle solutions in Anti de Sitter space (AdS) involving scalars, gluons, and gravitons. They are recursively defined through multiparticle currents which reduce to Berends-Giele currents in the flat space limit. This construction exposes a compact definition of tree-level boundary correlators using a general prescription that removes unphysical boundary contributions. Similarly to the flat space perturbiner, a convenient gauge choice leads to a scalar basis for all degrees of freedom, while the tensor structure is exclusively captured by field theory vertices. This provides a fully automated way to compute AdS boundary correlators to any multiplicity and cosmological wavefunction coefficients after Wick-rotating to de Sitter space.

Corporate Ethics: Philosophical Concepts Guiding Business Practices

In the highly competitive global market, characterized by rapid political, economic, environmental and technological changes, there has been an increased interest in the role of ethics for shaping corporate actions and highlighting the essential tasks and measures to fulfill two generic missions: support enterprises to make distinctive, lasting and substantial improvements in their performance and build a great firm that attracts, develops, excites and retains exceptional people. This paper addresses the issues arising from opposing forces, namely on the one hand the extremely challenging external environment and on the other hand the increasing demand for responsible business behaviour and ethical decision-making focused on the shared and sustained value creation to serve the interests of all stakeholders, society and the environment. Primary objective is to provide coherent and compact definitions for the key values dealing with professionalism, equality and sustainability that should be clearly defined, thus providing the key drivers for creating a working environment that inspires and motivates employees on one hand; and promote each enterprise socioeconomic footprint in the regional and global business ecosystem. When handling the concepts of responsibility, ethical codes, integrity or trust, philosophy provides an invaluable framework and a foundational basis on which to create and maintain sustainable structures and processes for the business of the new era.

Factors affecting sexuality of elderly people and sexual dysfunctions

Introduction: Sexuality of elderly people is often an omitted topic. There isn’t a compact definition of sexuality of seniors. The available data shows that there are many factors influencing sexual activity in later life. There are also specific changes which contribute sexual dysfunctions. Purpose: The aim of present is to investigate what factors are related with decreased sexual activity of seniors, biological basis of sexual dysfunctions and how many elderly people it affects. Materials and methods: There were analyzed publications from 2007 to 2022 from PubMed and Google Scholar using phrases: older adults, elderly people, sexuality of elderly people, factors influencing sexuality, sexual dysfunctions. The state of knowledge: Almost half of people above 60 years old are sexually active. There are factors like low availability of partner, stereotypes, chronic diseases and treatments that contribute worse quality of sexual life. There are reports that communication between doctor and patient on the topic of sexuality is not sufficient, even more positive attitudes towards sexuality of seniors. Biological changes like lower hormone levels in women as well as in men contribute sexual dysfunctions. There are almost one in five women above 57 years old who feel pain during intercourse and there are about 43% of men above 65 with erectile problems. The awareness of sexual dysfunctions could make it easier to treat them. Conclusions: It is essential to pay attention to psychological, social, cultural and attitudes of health professionals towards sexuality of elderly people to diagnose sexual dysfunctions. Understanding biological basis of sexual dysfunction can facilitate matching appropriate treatment. Education can improve seniors’s quality of life and sexual functions.

On two notions of fuzzy topological entropy

We explore the notion of fuzzy topological entropy when different definitions of fuzzy compactness are considered. We prove that the recent definitions by Tok (2005) [23] and by Uzzal Afsan and Basu (2011) [24] are not the most appropriate since they always display zero entropy. Furthermore, we give a simple proof of the bridge result, which states that topological entropy agrees with fuzzy topological entropy when it is defined by using Lowen's definition of compactness. Consequently, many natural properties of the fuzzy topological entropy (such as monotonicity) are obtained as direct corollaries. The particular case of interval maps is also briefly discussed.

Iscenesættelse som tilsynebringelse

In »Staging as appearing-making« (originally: »Inszenieren als Erscheinenlassen«, 2001) Seel presents an understanding of staging, including a compact definition of the concept, by which he demarcates it as a special aesthetic phenomenon that nevertheless is not reserved for the art or the theatre alone.

Recent Approaches to the Definition and Measurement of Compactness

The aim of this essay is to consider recent developments in the measurement of compactness for purposes of redistricting. Compactness of districts is one of the four redistricting criteria most often found in state constitutions (Kim and Chen, 2021). But the plethora of compactness measures continues to lead to dispute about how best to interpret such provisions since, in the vast majority of cases, no specific measurement rule is specified in the constitution. Here, we review the traditional measures of district compactness, usually based on the shape of the district, graph-theory based measures that have been introduced over the previous decade, a new measure that uses deep learning to quantify human conceptions of compactness, and finally a measure under development that is based on transportation networks. We also reiterate what we believe is the intent of compactness criteria, namely, representational benefits.

Reviving Legislative Avenues for Gerrymandering Reform with a Flexible, Automated Tool

After seeking a “manageable standard” to apply to claims of partisan gerrymandering for over three decades, the Supreme Court has finally given up the chase, ruling that such claims are nonjusticiable. What is to be done? An extended history of successful congressional action suggests that the legislative pathway is more practical than often believed. Statutory requirements also make it possible to consider a broader suite of districting objectives. This paper presents a flexible new software and a framework for evaluating the practical implications of explicit objectives. I apply this approach to the conditions last required by Congress, generating equipopulous, contiguous, and compact districts. Among these conditions, the formal definition ofcompactnesshas proven contentious. Does it matter? I contrast the representation of the political parties and of racial and ethnic minorities under plans optimized according to 18 different definitions of compactness. On these grounds, the definitions are markedly consistent. These methods may be extended to alternative districting objectives and criteria.

269 Early Identification of Frailty: Developing an International Delphi Consensus for a Definition of Pre-frailty

Abstract Background Frailty is associated with a prodromal stage called pre-frailty, a potentially reversible and highly prevalent condition before frailty becomes established. Despite this, there is no widely accepted definition of pre-frailty to support its early identification and management. This study applied an international consensus approach to define and better understand pre-frailty. Methods A modified electronic two-round Delphi Consensus study was conducted. In all, 23 experts from 12 countries with different backgrounds participated. The questionnaire was developed following a systematic literature review. An online consensus meeting was conducted with eight Delphi participants and two external experts. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed for data analysis. An agreement level of 70% was applied for accepting statements. Results A total of 71 statements were circulated in Round 1. Of these, 52.8% were accepted. Fifty-one statements were re-circulated in Round 2, of which 92.1% were accepted. The online consensus meeting produced a consensus statement describing the concept, multi-factorial nature, and mechanism of pre-frailty as well as assessment, prevention and management approaches. All experts agreed that physical and non-physical factors such as psychological and social capacity are involved in the development of pre-frailty, potentially adversely affecting health and health-related quality of life outcomes. Practitioners should regard pre-frailty as a multi-factorial, multi-dimensional, and non-linear process that does not inevitably lead to frailty. It might be reversed or attenuated by targeted interventions. Brief, feasible and validated tools are recommended for opportunistic screening or case-finding followed by confirmation with multi-dimensional assessment. Conclusion It is difficult to establish consensus on one compact definition of pre-frailty, which is a multi-dimensional concept not only associated with physical impairment, but also with cognitive, nutritional, socioeconomic and other aspects of frailty. However, it may be too early to agree on an operational definition of pre-frailty since none yet exists for frailty.

Secularism and Viable Life

Secularism and Viable Life Peter Coviello (bio) Or think of it like this. In 1883 a man named Henry M. Teller, acting in his role of secretary of the interior—a position that gave him jurisdiction over the Bureau of Indian Affairs—authorized the implementation of a "Religious Crimes Code." The document drawn up by his commissioner of Indian affairs, Hiram Price, is, in both its compression and its strange itemized multiplicity, altogether remarkable. Here, for instance, are just a few infractions mapped out in what would come to be known as a "Code of Indian Offenses": 4th. The "sun-dance," the "scalp-dance," the "war-dance," and all other so-called feasts assimilating thereto, shall be considered "Indian offenses," and any Indian found guilty of being a participant in any one or more of these "offenses" shall, for the first offense committed, be punished by withholding from the person or persons so found guilty by the court his or their rations for a period not exceeding ten days … 5th. Any plural marriage hereafter contracted or entered into by any member of an Indian tribe under the supervision of a United States Indian agent shall be considered an "Indian offense," cognizable by the Court of Indian Offenses … 6th. The usual practices of so-called "medicine-men" shall be considered "Indian offenses" cognizable by the Court of Indian Offenses, and whenever it shall be proven to the satisfaction of the court that the influence or practice of a so-called "medicine-man" operates as a hindrance to the civilization of a tribe, or that said "medicine-man" resorts to any artifice or device to keep the Indians under his influence, or shall adopt any means to prevent the attendance of children at the agency schools, or shall use any of the arts of a conjurer to prevent the Indians from abandoning their heathenish rites and customs, he shall be adjudged guilty of an Indian offense.1 Sun-dances, plural marriage, indigenous medicine, "heathenish rites": here, I want to suggest, in compressed miniature, is an arresting portrait of the mechanics of early American biopower. More precisely, the code delineates just what happens to a population whose structures and practices of belief fall hard askance those of an expanding empire that has, with magisterial completeness, folded a liberalized Christianity into the very core of its self-conception, [End Page 889] and has made out of that conjuncture an encompassing, and fully racialized, metaphysics. That entangled in-folding can be usefully designated, I think, by the term secularism. The Religious Crimes Code is a map of its biopolitics. If you've read this far, you likely do not need an exhaustive restatement of the principles of biopower. You will be familiar, I mean, with the conceptual vocabulary that aims to describe the rationalized distribution of capacities across populations in a slatted, hierarchized economy of life, ranging from the healthy to the expendable. The biopolitical names an order of power that operates through a disciplinary investment in the biological life of mass social phenomena, as these are disaggregated into racialized micro-populations, and rationalized in an optimizing calculus designed to foster some forms of life, inhibit or disallow others, and to regulate them collectively in a flexible economy of interaction. Kyla Schuller, in her indispensable The Biopolitics of Feeling, offers a deft and compact definition: "Biopower functions as an umbrella term combining two different yet overlapping instruments of postsovereign power deployed within the regime of civilization: the discipline of the individual body, which worked to 'integrate the body into a system of economic productivity'; and the 'regulatory controls' of biopolitics, which 'aim to adjust population to economic processes.'"2 Let's take this all as given. There are, then, two points I'd like to emphasize in respect to the "Code of Indian Offenses." First, we might observe that the 1883 document offers us a clarifying purchase on the workings of racialization—its cross-wired articulations—through which a subpopulation is made over into a species of misfiring life. For here, racial redemption, erotic propriety, and religious correction take shape as part of a single, fused strategy of disciplinary intervention—an intervention that maps out...

Spatial compactness metrics and Constrained Voxel Automata development for analyzing 3D densification and applying to point clouds: A synthetic review

Abstract A construction operation is known as a complex system whose complicated components can be understood by applying spatial metrics to massive point-based data. Two and three-dimensional compactness metrics are critically reviewed based on the scale of urban modeling, application in urban studies and architecture, and the capability to model spatial and temporal urban changes. This review indicates that there is a lack of a uniform definition of compactness in urban, building and construction studies and a lack of 3D metrics to model spatial and temporal patterns of vertical building developments. To fill these gaps, a new definition of compactness for vertical building developments was developed based on elements of the compactness concept in the literature of urban form in highly dense urban areas by developments of high rise buildings. In addition, spatial data mining methods are suggested for deriving a spatial distribution pattern of building height; a new metric of A* was developed based on 3D Discrete Compactness for comparison of various 3D configurations of the buildings; and Constrained Voxel Automata and volumetric metrics were developed theoretically and proposed for future studies in characterizing spatial and temporal patterns of vertical building developments. It is found that there is a lack of appropriate methodologies to derive the patterns of vertical building development using 3D data such as airborne lidar to meet future needs.

Sounding Funny: Sound and Comedy Cinema ed. by Mark Evans and Philip Hayward

Reviewed by: Sounding Funny: Sound and Comedy Cinema ed. by Mark Evans and Philip Hayward Jessica Getman Sounding Funny: Sound and Comedy Cinema. Edited by Mark Evans and Philip Hayward. (Genre, Music, and Sound.) Sheffield: Equinox Publishing Ltd., 2016. [vi, 259 p. ISBN 9781781790991 (hardback), $100; ISBN 9781845536749 (paperback), $29.99; ISBN 9781781792766 (e-book), varies]. Illustrations, music examples, index. Though music and sound are essential to the success of comedy on film, the methods employed by composers and directors to this end are difficult to pin down. Producing a compact definition of comedy itself is a slippery task, something Liz Guiffre and Mark Evans emphasize in the introduction to Sounding Funny: Sound and Comedy Cinema. Though often invoked as a generic label, comedy is better understood as a mode of expression that uses a diverse collection of techniques that vary according to context. To get around this, the essays in this book focus not on comedic theory but on texts: films and sequences in which the use of sound in the service of humor has been particularly successful. Topics addressed in this approach include influential franchises, prominent composers, and famous scene formulas and comic routines. The book has an international scope, engaging not only the dominant practices of Hollywood but also comedies coming out of Britain, Finland, Spain, Japan, and India. It reaches across the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, from the Three Stooges beginning in 1934, to Yuji Nakae's Nabi no koi (Nabbie's Love) in 1999 and Philip Claydon's Lesbian Vampire Killers in 2009. Sound Funny excels at drawing out and analyzing an impressive variety of comedic and musical moments in film. In privileging text over theory, the book's authors nevertheless illuminate many comedic tools and techniques. Essays touch on parody, intertextual reference, and the interplay of aural and physical gestures. They also highlight the oft-employed tension between high and low culture, emphasized through the juxtaposition of musical styles. A recurring theme is the central role of incongruity—the unexpected collision of moods, modes, styles, and ideas that elicits surprise and delight—for which sound and music are especially effective tools. This idea is considered at length in the book's second essay, Marshall Heiser's "The Soundtrack as Appropriate Incongruity," which considers the "playful tolerance of paradox" (p. 37) in a number of films from the mid-twentieth century, including the Three Stooges' shorts (which began in 1934), Jacques Tati's Jour de Fête (1949), Michael Powell's They're a Weird Mob (1966), and several spoofs by Mel Brooks in the late 1970s [End Page 661] (including Blazing Saddles [1974] and High Anxiety [1977]). Heiser's conclusion is that that humor in these cases exhibits an "emergent property, rising from contradictory aural and visual cues to become more than the sum of their parts (p. 26). Whether by design or chance, composer Elmer Bernstein dominates the book. Ben Winters, in "The Sound of Satire; or Trading Places with Mozart," considers social commentary in the film by John Landis (1983), noting how Bernstein's score highlights the film's "overdrawn opposites" between high and low culture (and between white and black culture) by juxtaposing classical music and popular song (p. 30). In so doing, Winters demonstrates how the film more successfully satirizes the social policies of the Reagan administration than the more obvious racial issues on the film's surface. Winters reads this film as a modern-day opera buffa modeled on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro. Erik Heine's chapter, "Parody, Self-Parody and Genre-Parody: Music in The Magnificent Seven and ¡Three Amigos!," considers Bern stein's parody of his own work in The Magnificent Seven (1960) in the 1986 comedy about three hapless Hollywood actors in Mexico. Heine analyzes similarities between the films' scores and title cues, as well as the use of popular song by Randy Newman. Finally, Jon Fitzgerald and Philip Haywardtackle one of the best known and most influential of Hollywood's comedies, Ghostbusters (1984). Their essay addresses how the principle elements of the score—Bernstein's orchestral music (drawn from horror conventions), its rock-pop tracks, and the film...

Other things besides number: Abstraction, constraint propagation, and string variable types

In constraint programming (CP), a combinatorial problem is modeled declaratively as a conjunction of constraints, each of which captures some of the combinatorial substructure of the problem. Constraints are more than a modeling convenience: every constraint is partially implemented by an inference algorithm, called a propagator, that rules out some but not necessarily all infeasible candidate values of one or more unknowns in the scope of the constraint. Interleaving propagation with systematic search leads to a powerful and complete solution method, combining a high degree of re-usability with natural, high-level modeling. A propagator can be characterized as a sound approximation of a constraint on an abstraction of sets of candidate values; propagators that share an abstraction are similar in the strength of the inference they perform when identifying infeasible candidate values. In this thesis, we consider abstractions of sets of candidate values that may be described by an elegant mathematical formalism, the Galois connection. We develop a theoretical framework from the correspondence between Galois connections and propagators, unifying two disparate views of the abstraction-propagation connection, namely the oft-overlooked distinction between representational and computational over-approximations. Our framework yields compact definitions of propagator strength, even in complicated cases (i.e., involving several types, or unknowns with internal structure); it also yields a method for the principled derivation of propagators from constraint definitions. We apply this framework to the extension of an existing CP solver to constraints over strings, that is, words of finite length. We define, via a Galois connection, an over-approximation for bounded-length strings, and demonstrate two different methods for implementing this over-approximation in a CP solver. First we use the Galois connection to derive a bounded-length string representation as an aggregation of existing scalar types; propagators for this representation are obtained by manual derivation, or automated synthesis, or a combination. Then we implement a string variable type, motivating design choices with knowledge gained from the construction of the over-approximation. The resulting CP solver extension not only substantially eases modeling for combinatorial string problems, but also leads to substantial efficiency improvements over prior CP methods.

Saliency Detection for Stereoscopic Images Based on Depth Confidence Analysis and Multiple Cues Fusion

Stereoscopic perception is an important part of human visual system that allows the brain to perceive depth. However, depth information has not been well explored in existing saliency detection models. In this letter, a novel saliency detection method for stereoscopic images is proposed. Firstly, we propose a measure to evaluate the reliability of depth map, and use it to reduce the influence of poor depth map on saliency detection. Then, the input image is represented as a graph, and the depth information is introduced into graph construction. After that, a new definition of compactness using color and depth cues is put forward to compute the compactness saliency map. In order to compensate the detection errors of compactness saliency when the salient regions have similar appearances with background, foreground saliency map is calculated based on depth-refined foreground seeds selection mechanism and multiple cues contrast. Finally, these two saliency maps are integrated into a final saliency map through weighted-sum method according to their importance. Experiments on two publicly available stereo datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than other 10 state-of-the-art approaches.

Quantifying Urban Sprawl for Rajkot City using Geospatial Technology

Urban sprawl is one of the avidly urban issues today. “Sprawling” means the spreading of urban area towards rural area surrounding it. There are different social and economic factors which led to urban sprawl. The study of urban sprawl in this paper attempts to measure the sprawl of urban areas into rural areas and the type of sprawl and the pre-dominant causes responsible for sprawl. It first reviews and analyses past research on the definitions of urban form, compactness and sprawl, and corresponding quantitative variables. Measures of urban sprawl will be identified and procedures will be developed to compute these indicators in GIS environment. The indicators of sprawl defined by (Galster et al, 2001) are considered as major characteristics of sprawl which have been adopted in this paper to develop a set of variables for quantification, characterization and dimension of sprawl.The study has been done on grid level (Grid Size = 500m x 500 m). The density index shows that in 2001 Rajkot had 9292 persons per grid of 500 meters x 500 meters which has decreased to 7394 persons per grid which shows that the population is moving from center to outer fringes. The value of concentration index has decreased from 0.56 in 2001 to 0.23 in 2011 which shows the sprawl development pattern. Centrality has been one of the major indicators of urban sprawl the value of centrality has been observed as 3.7 in 2001 and it has increased to 7.6 in 2011 which indicates sprawl.

High-Current-Density field emission from self-heating printed carbon nanotubes

ABSTRACTHigh-current-density field emitters are considered as the potential and necessary components for compact high definition x-ray sources and high-power cold cathode microwave amplifiers. In this report, high-current-density field emission from self-heating printed carbon nanotubes is introduced. Large emission current causes large heat that increases the temperature of the emitters. The temperature is estimated to be more than ~1600 K. Localized surface field and high temperature both drive more electrons escaping from the emitters, and the maximum current density is larger than ~2.7 A/cm2 that will satisfy the need of most vacuum electron devices including x-ray sources and microwave electron devices.

Transference analysis as the ideal of the psychoanalyst

In Freud’s compact definition, transference is both the greatest obstacle and the most powerful ally in understanding the psychodynamic of the analysand. With transference thus defined as the nucleus of the psychoanalytic therapeutic relationship, the analysis of the transference becomes the analyst’s methodological ideal. The article aims at rendering the two extremes of the ideal visible: as an obstacle, transference must be cleared; as an ally, it is a goal that must be achieved. These two extremes are discussed by presenting two samples of work, one by Freud himself and one by Leon Grinberg. In a successful analytic process, the analysis of transference naturally links the two extremes together. However, as the patient’s most severely conflict-laden dynamic is condensed in transference, its direct interpretation is not nearly always possible (a case vignette illustrates this). Thus the reliability of the setting and the oedipal structure of the analytic interaction come to the fore in the analytic process. In order to maintain and use them for the benefit of the patient, the analyst must be prepared to continuously analyse his or her own counter-transferences.

A Computationally Efficient Approach to Trajectory Management for Coordinated Aerial Surveillance

Time optimal path planning and trajectory management algorithms for air vehicles with limited on-board computing resources require an efficient approach to satisfy flight dynamic constraints needed to guarantee paths are feasible. B-spline curves enable compact definition of feasible airplane trajectories that are suited for on-board real-time computation. The design of a trajectory definition and management algorithm suited for a multi-agent persistent surveillance application is described. The proposed solution post-processes the output of a point-by-point path planner and converts it into a minimal representation. Key design requirements include minimization of mission execution time, ability to seamlessly redirect agents based on information acquired by sensor feedback, and robust adherence to mission and vehicle motion constraints. A simple coordinated aerial surveillance scenario is described and demonstrated using the algorithms presented.

Using a Galerkin Approach to Define Terrain Surfaces

Terrain is the principal source of vertical excitation to the vehicle and must be accurately represented in order to correctly predict the vehicle response. Ideally, an efficient terrain surface definition could be developed that maintains the high-fidelity information required to accurately excite vehicle models. It is also desirable to minimize the effect of the choice of measurement system used to sample the terrain surface. Nondeformable, anisotropic (path-specific) terrain surfaces are defined as a sequence of vectors, where each vector comprises terrain heights at locations oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel. A vector space is formed by the span of these vectors and a corresponding set of empirical basis vectors is developed. A set of analytic basis vectors is formed from Gegenbauer polynomials, parameterized to approximate the empirical basis vectors. A weighted inner product is defined to form a Hilbert space and the terrain surface vectors are projected onto the set of analytic basis vectors. The weighting matrix is developed such that these projections are insensitive to the number and placement of the discrete transverse locations at which the terrain heights are defined. This method is successfully demonstrated on sets of paved road surfaces to show that a high-fidelity but compact definition of terrain surfaces is developed. This representation is applied to an example of off-road terrain to demonstrate the representation’s scope of applicability. Future work will investigate generating stochastic terrain surfaces with these vectors.