Willingness Of Community Research Articles

Attitudes and willingness of local communities towards natural urban forest conservation in a rapidly developing Southeast Asia city

Habitat fragmentation is a major threat to natural forests, causing unprecedented biodiversity loss and habitat destruction. To date, the social-economic factors affecting the conservation of fragmented urban forest remnants have been rarely investigated, particularly in the tropics. The objective of this study is to understand the attitudes and willingness to conserve natural urban forests in local communities living nearby. We interviewed 450 respondents living near three natural urban forests in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using a structured questionnaire. We found that the majority of the respondents had a positive attitude towards natural urban forest conservation. Local communities had high willingness to conserve these natural urban forest patches. The main contributing factors to attitudes and willingness were the presence of forest patches in their neighbourhood, education level, and length of stay. The relationships between urban forests and humans are complex, as this study demonstrates. Regardless of patch size, the local communities were concerned about the conservation of natural urban forest patches and their ecological integrity. Our findings can inform policy-makers to support better planning of urban green spaces and biodiversity conservation, which are especially important for cities in low and middle income countries in the Global South.

Environmental benefits of blue ecosystem services and residents’ willingness to pay in Khulna city, Bangladesh

Nature-based solutions for urban problems gaining popularity globally. The well-functioning ecosystem could offer a nature-based solution to many urban problems including water, drainage and flooding problems. Therefore, conservation and restoration of urban blue ecosystem components such as pond scape are crucial. This research taking Khulna city of Bangladesh as a case has examined the low-income fringe community's willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation and restoration of pond scape/blue ecosystem service (BES) in their locality from where they benefit. The various types of ecosystem services enjoyed by the local community were identified. To assess the community's WTP for conservation and restoration of pond scape, the payment card approach of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used. Three environmental attributes were considered to assess the existing condition of the blue ecosystem services in the study area. Findings show that 54% of respondents are not satisfied with the existing conditions of the ecosystem services resulting from the pond scape. Respondent's WTP for eleven types of service facilities was calculated. Results show that only 65.20% are eager to pay an amount of 38 Tk to 138 Tk per month for different service facilities. It means about one-third of the community people want to be free riders. The influences of different attributes of the respondents on their WTP were also analyzed. Education, income, and house-ownership appear to have a positive significant influence on WTP for conservation and restoration of pond scape in the study area. In line with the findings if policy measures are taken without further delay it would help conserve the remaining pond scape.

ANALISIS FAKTOR PENERIMAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP VAKSIN COVID-19 DI KOTA TEBING TINGGI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

The widespread misconceptions and hoaxes regarding the Covid-19 vaccine are the driving cause for public uncertainty, producing public doubt and resulting in low availability and public confidence in the Covid-19 vaccine. The purpose of this research was to see if there was a link between the characteristics of the community and the availability of vaccines. The population in this study was the entire population persiakan, in Tebing Tinggi city with a population of 7,238 people. This study's sample was drawn from the general community and met the inclusion requirements, yielding a sample of 100 people. A cross-sectional study was used in the investigation. The data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate techniques, with statistical analysis utilizing the chi-square test (P-value 0.05). According to the study's findings, 51% of respondents are willing to receive the Covid-19 vaccination. Factors that influence the Tebing Tinggi community's willingness to participate Age, gender, marital status, education, work, economic conditions, and public faith in the COVID-19. Vaccine are all factors that influence vaccination rates. Respondents came to the conclusion that public confidence in the Tebing Tinggi vaccination is 41%. Meanwhile, the Tebing Tinggi community has expressed a 51 percent desire to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Suggestions for the Tebing Tinggi local government and the Health Office in terms of vaccine distribution.  Keywords        : Acceptance, Covid-19, Vaccines

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Malay-Version of the Factors Influencing Community Willingness to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Use an Automated External Defibrillator Questionnaire.

Limited factors influence community willingness to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use an automated external defibrillator, making it difficult to take preventive and control measures to improve the survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In this study, we translated and evaluated the Malay-language version of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and an automated external defibrillator questionnaire. The translation and evaluation involved three phases: development, translation and cultural adaptation, and validation. Content validity was assessed by five experts, and demonstrated a content validity index of 0.98 and a Fleiss kappa index of 0.159. Construct validity for the multi-item scale performed using factor analysis and involving 100 participants was 0.777. Factor analysis using the varimax rotation method demonstrated the appropriateness of the data in the exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.849, suggesting high reliability. Test–retest reliability involving 45 participants calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient had a value of 0.723. The findings demonstrate that the Malay-version FIXED questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument and is ready to be used by health care workers and policymakers to evaluate the factors influencing the community’s willingness to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use an automated external defibrillator.

Cross sectional study determinants of community willingness to receive Covid-19 vaccination

Vaccines have recently been developed as a treatment for infectious disorders such as Covid-19. Several Covid-19 preventive vaccines are currently being developed, however public acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence community willingness to undergo Covid-19 immunisation. Using snowball sampling procedures, a web-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken from May 16 to 22, 2021. A semi-structured validated questionnaire covering details about characteristics, perceptions, information, and readiness to get Covid-19 vaccine was used as a research instrument. Data from 288 individuals were analysed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods.Most of the respondents were female (62.8%), aged 21-30 years (27.4%), high school education (40.3%), private employees (38.2%), and Muslim (65.6%). Most believe the safety and effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccine (75.0%), declared ineffective (27.8%), declared unsafe (35.8%). Most respondents received information from television (74.7%), and government websites (62.2%). Age (p=0.0005), education level (p=0.0005), employment (p=0.043), and religion (p=0.001) are factors that influence people's desire to take immunizations. Education is a determinant of people's willingness to undergo Covid-19 immunisation (p=0.0005 and OR=3.533). The majority of respondents claimed that the Covid-19 vaccine is safe and effective, however the number of respondents wanting to obtain Covid-19 immunisation remains low. Education is a determinant of the public's protective willingness to take Covid-19 immunisation. Covid-19 vaccinations are aimed against those aged 40 and under. In a low-educated population, health promotion initiatives, such as health education sessions, should be held.

Want But Do Not Need : The Kalipare Village Community's Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine Program in Malang Regency

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 is still ongoing after nearly two years. The hope that the pandemic will be over soon is beginning to emerge. The successful development of a COVID-19 vaccine is one of the efforts to combat the pandemic. Vaccination programs that are available to the general public do not always run smoothly. The vaccination program was overshadowed by a number of issues and polemics. The purpose of this research is to see how the community reacts to the COVID-19 vaccination program. Data was collected using ethnographic research methods in Kalipare Village, Malang Regency, between October and November 2021. Random informants and interviews were conducted on members of the community and health professionals. The analysis was carried out by categorizing the data related to the community's fear, willingness, or doubt in participating in this program. According to the findings of this research, public rejection, fear, and doubt occur as a result of: a lack of public confidence in the vaccine's effects; a lack of trust in institutions; and the assumption that vaccines can cause illness and death. Typically, research on vaccine scepticism is followed by a refusal to participate in the program, but the findings of this research show the opposite. People continue to participate in the vaccination program despite their lack of faith, doubt, and fear.

What Makes Agroforestry a Potential Restoration Measure in a Degraded Conservation Forest?

Agroforestry is a win–win solution in terms of restoring forest function while benefiting the local community. This research aimed to (1) understand the regulations concerning conservation forest management and the restoration strategies adopted based on the history of forest degradation in the area, (2) investigate the factors driving local people to adopt agroforestry systems in the area, and (3) investigate the characteristics of the agroforestry system developed and its impacts based on farmers’ perceptions. This research was performed in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park, Lampung Province, Indonesia, and involved 59 respondents who managed 63 agroforestry plots in the area. Several schemes had been implemented to restore the degraded forest without involving the community, and the results were unsatisfactory. Changing the regulations concerning managing conservation forests to involve the community and providing legal permits and support from the management improved forest function due to community willingness to implement the agroforestry system. About 81% of observed plots consisted of 5–12 plant species, and 16% of plots consisted of 13–16 species per plot. Theobroma cacao was the most common species in the agroforestry plots, followed by Durio zibethinus, Parkia speciosa, and Aleurites moluccana. The size of the agroforestry plot affected the number of species in the plot. The community perception demonstrated that agroforestry has positive impacts on livelihood, the environment, and biodiversity at the landscape level.

Challenges in the Governance of Community-Managed Forests in Ethiopia: Review

A large proportion of the rural population in Ethiopia depends on community-managed forests for food security and livelihoods. However, the government and development partners have paid little attention to the governance challenges which limit the contributions of community-managed forests to food security and livelihoods. Also lacking is a synthesis of evidence relating to the requirements for improved governance to support the efforts of decision makers and practitioners. This paper attempts to review and synthesize the available evidence with the aim of identifying the requirements to achieve improved governance in community-managed forests. The results revealed that failure to devise benefit-sharing mechanisms which consider the heterogeneity of rural communities was prevalent. Interference of local authorities and elite capture in decision-making processes of forest and landscape restoration also compromised the willingness of rural communities to engage in collective action. Requirements such as the identification of the needs of specific categories of communities and enabling of the negotiation of diverse interests in the design and implementation of interventions could improve the governance of community-managed forests. Developing management plans and business model scenarios which balance the ecological and socio-economic goals at a local level in collaboration with rural communities is important to improve the governance of community-managed forests. There is also a need to revisit the practice of evaluating the performance of community-managed forests almost exclusively based on the goals of climate change adaptation and mitigation and biodiversity conservation.

Towards pro-poor and voluntary PES: assessment of willingness to pay and willingness to accept PES contract in central Vietnam

ABSTRACT This study employed Contingent Valuation and Discrete Choice Experiment methods to investigate the potential of a Payment for Ecosystem Service mechanism that incentivizes sustainable land use practices by determining the willingness of ecosystem service beneficiaries to pay for delivery of services via adoption of sustainable land use practices by upland poor, ethnic minority communities, and vice versa, the willingness of communities to adopt such practices upstream of Vu Gia river, central Vietnam. From the users’ side, 64% and 56% of pooled respondents said they are willing to pay a higher rate for water and electricity consumption, respectively, if upstream watershed management is improved. On the providers’ side, WTA was high if the conditionality is relaxed. Our findings suggest a fundamental challenge in designing PES that matches the needs of buyers and providers – a scheme that ensures ecosystem service flows but does not impose stringent rules that limit stakeholders’ participation.

Resettling Refugees

This article—a tribute to philosopher Bat-Ami Bar On—argues that states have obligations to not only resettle refugees, but also to put into place laws, policies, and procedures that are likely to ameliorate exclusionary attitudes and socio-political stances of existing members toward refugees and other forcibly displaced persons. The article begins with a recollection of Bar On, who encouraged the author to pursue the well-being of refugees as a worthy philosophical topic. The article then argues that refugee camps do not serve the purpose of justice; therefore, resettlement must be sought. Resettlement, in turn, raises several questions that egalitarians must take more seriously. In the end, equitable resettlement of refugees requires a broad based ethics of inclusivity and equality that bolsters community willingness to share spaces and “live and let live” in the face of cultural differences.

Assessing the effectiveness of government-funded smallholder development projects in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: the case of the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality

Agricultural development projects are used by governments of countries as a strategy for community development and job creation. In the developing countries, agricultural projects are the leading edge of rural development. These development projects however require huge capital outlay from governments. There are evidences in literature which report that in developing countries huge sums of money are being lost through agricultural projects that end up failing, and South Africa’s government is no exception to this trend. In South Africa, particularly in the province of the Eastern Cape, agricultural development projects are implemented through the existing participation between farmers and extension officers under government programme. The records of these agricultural development projects in the Eastern Cape province is mixed, whilst some succeed, most also fail to achieve their goals. This paper assessed the cause of why South African government funded agricultural project fail in the province of the Eastern Cape, particularly in the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. The overall results of this study revealed that about 54.9% of the projects that the respondents were involved in have failed. This study identified the top five factors that for failure of the government funded agricultural projects. They are Supervision, Communication, Monitoring, Political interference and Commitment to project respectively. Government funded agricultural projects in the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality registered some minimal impact therefore discouraging and decreasing willingness of farmers or communities to participate in government funded projects. In the area under study most of agricultural projects failed to achieve objectives and collapsed. Others are struggling to survive and become sustainable.

‘It is difficult for students to contribute’: investigating possibilities for pedagogical partnerships in Chinese universities

ABSTRACT A growing practice of engaging students as partners (SaP) has been conducted to nurture values-based pedagogical relationships. Yet, SaP is contested with little known about how Chinese students understand their relationships with teachers in a sector shifting toward student-centred approaches. To advance the collective understanding of SaP practices in China, we interviewed 30 postgraduate students who reflected on their learner-teacher relationships as undergraduate and postgraduate students while considering the possibilities of SaP practices. While some SaP practices emerged, students evoked the language of family to describe meaningful interactions with teachers. They raised pragmatic (large student numbers), epistemological (knowledge accumulation before knowledge construction), and cultural (hierarchical construct of power and authority) concerns about the possibilities of pedagogical partnerships. We argue that the willingness of university communities to raise questions about assumed learner-teacher hierarchy, power dynamics and identities will shape how student-centred and SaP practices unfold in Chinese universities.

Investigating fish contamination scenario and community willingness to adopt consumption advice proposing an advisory option.

Consumption advice to ensure the health and safety of fish consumers remains urgent to handle the ever-increasing panic over heavy metal toxicity. Moreover, studies of fish consumption rarely focus on the perceptions and awareness of consumers. Considering this, the present study examines the factors determining the willingness to follow fish consumption advice as well as calculate the risk-benefit ratio and produce the vulnerability map followed by formulating fish consumption advice for consumers of two commercially important fish species, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mudfish (Ophiocephalus striatus), in the Laguna de Bay area of the Philippines. Primary data on consumers' perceptions were collected through a questionnaire, whereas heavy metal contamination data were compiled from the best available literature. We concluded that people's willingness to adopt consumption advice is mostly dependent on their existing level of fish consumption (P = 0.000). There was no discernible difference in the mean concentration of heavy metals in fish between the dry and wet seasons, with the exception of As concentrations in the samples (t15.75 = 3.72, p < 0.001). The hazard quotient (risk-benefit ratio) for fish consumption (HQefa) was an order of magnitude higher in the mudfish samples (0.05 and 28.28) compared to tilapia (0.04 to 16.02). Binangonan and Taguig from the Northern West Bay (1A, 1B) were clearly recognised on the vulnerability map as the most vulnerable regions in the lake. In general, it was determined that As and Pb were the elements causing consumption restrictions on tilapia collected from various parts of Laguna Lake. As with tilapia, locations with a high-risk advisory for mudfish were identified as the Northern West Bay and Central Bay, with a consumption limit of five meals per month due to excessive mercury pollution. This empirical study can serve as an option for the future development of fish consumption advice in the region.

Urban-rural difference in community willingness to isolate during COVID-19 pandemic in Benue State Nigeria 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a highly infectious viral disease reported across more than 210 countries of the world. Isolation is a very critical component of COVID-19 public health responses were infected or exposed persons are separated from the unexposed individual for the purposing of protecting and preventing or containing disease spread. Our study assessed and compared community willingness to isolate during COVID-19 pandemic among urban and rural dwellers.Methods: A multi-stage comparative cross-sectional study was used to assess respondents’ willingness to isolate between January and April 2021. Response was scored and each composite scores were converted to a percentage. The assessment was done using three questions with a maximum score of 15. A score of ≥80% of the maximum score was categorized as more willing to quarantine or isolate, score from 51% to 79% was categorized as slightly willing to quarantine or isolate while ≤50% was categorized as less willing to quarantine or isolate. Data was analysed using STATA SE 64 software and level of significance set at 5%. Categorical variables were summarised as frequency and percentages and presented in tables urban and rural comparisons were done with Chi square test and the corresponding p-values presented.Results: One thousand three hundred and thirty-one respondents recruited into the study had a mean age of 33.7±12.83. Urban respondents aged 25-34 years were 36.64% (358) while rural respondents 31.94% (145) were aged 25-34 years (p=0.013). Most the respondents in both urban and rural communities were females 58.15% (574) and 55.73% (253) respectively. 549 (56.19%) of urban respondents were willing to be quarantined after contact with a suspected COVID-19 patient when compared with the rural respondent 292 (64.32%). Only 524 (53.63%) of urban respondents were willing to isolate after having had contact with a confirmed patient compared with the rural respondents 277 (61.01%). More than half of the respondents in urban and rural 629 (64.38%) and 303 (66.74%) respectively showed their willingness to isolate if confirmed to have COVID-19. Overall, 758 (77.58%) of the respondents were willing to go into isolation during COVID-19 pandemic when compared with rural communities 377 (83.04%) of respondents (p value =0.06).Conclusions: Willingness to isolate during COVID-19 pandemic is higher among rural dwellers than the urban dwellers.

Community Awareness and Willingness to Participate in Electronic Waste Management: A Case Study of the District Banjarsari, Surakarta

Hazardous and toxic waste is the residue of a business or activity containing hazardous and toxic materials which due to their nature and concentration or amount, either directly or indirectly pollute or damage and endanger the health of the environment. This study examines the awareness and willingness of the community in the management of electronic waste in Banjarsari District, Surakarta. The objectives of this study are: (i) Knowing the level of awareness of the people of Banjarsari District regarding electronic waste management; (ii) Knowing the level of willingness of the people of Banjarsari District to participate in electronic waste management; and (iii) Provide recommendations for electronic waste management in Banjarsari District. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach that prioritizes descriptive data, observations, and interpretations. The technique of collecting data is through primary data obtained from surveys or questionnaires to the people of Banjarsari District and secondary data derived from related literature. The results showed that the level of awareness and understanding of the electronic waste management of the people of Banjarsari District was quite good. The people of Banjarsari District have a high level of willingness to participate in waste management but are reluctant to incur additional costs due to economic and social problems. Recommendations are applied in the management in Banjarsari District by collecting, picking up electronic waste, and collaborating with third parties such as PT. Arah Environmental Indonesia.

Willingness to Vaccinate against Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Related Predictors among Non-Healthcare Personnel in Indonesia

&#x0D; BACKGROUND: Herd immunity against COVID-19 can be realized when a minimum of 62% of the vulnerable population has been vaccinated. However, achieving uptake of recommended vaccination in the targeted population ultimately lies with the community's willingness. Vaccine skepticism varies across demographic characteristics and stems from the perceived threats of being infected with COVID-19 while receiving the vaccine.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; AIM: This research was intended to determine the willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 and its associated factors.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; METHODS: It employed a cross-sectional, then the collected data were analyzed using descriptive analytics: difference test and relationship analysis. Study with two online surveys on Google Forms and non-healthcare personnel as the research subjects. Screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 862 respondents spread over 32 provinces in Indonesia&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Results: showed no difference in COVID-19 knowledge scores in surveys 1 and 2 (76.0‒77.2; p=0.08). Age and education level are significantly related to COVID-19 knowledge scores (p&lt;0.05). About 42.4% of respondents in survey 1 and 55.6% in survey 2 were willing to receive the vaccine, with 36.8‒45.3% feeling hesitant. The main reason for vaccine hesitancy (42.2%) and unwillingness (43.2%) was mistrust in the effects or benefits of the vaccine. Although demographic characteristics are not related to the willingness (p&gt;0.05), the opposite is true for the COVID-19 knowledge level [OR:1.66; 95% CI:1.26–2.18].&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; about half of the non-healthcare personnel (42.4‒55.6%) are willing to receive the vaccine, with knowledge of the disease being a predictor (p=0.00).

A Socially-Based Redesign of Sustainable Food Practices: Community Supported Agriculture in Italy

Several grassroots initiatives in the last two decades have shown the need for different food practices that should be locally based and founded on ethical goals of social and environmental justice. Among the many “alternative food networks”, the Community Supported Agriculture model is particularly significant and interesting. By redefining meanings and social norms around food practices, this model actualizes significant processes of food re-socialization and re-territorialization. Focusing on Italy, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the potential of this model. It does so through two investigations carried out in 2019 and 2020, aimed at analyzing, respectively, structural and organizational aspects of CSAs and the features of resilience shown by these initiatives during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. On the whole, the two surveys give us the image of a radically innovative experience, potentially capable of deeply redefining production and consumption practices, being rooted in socially-shared knowledge, motivations, willingness, commitment and sense of community. In addition to being characterized by a determination to pursue sustainability and equity goals, the model shows a remarkable character of resilience thanks to the original arrangements that the common value basis and the strong sense of interdependence and solidarity of its members can provide.

LOCAL COMMUNITY’S ACCEPTANCE OF MANGROVE FOREST AS A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PRODUCT: A PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

The study was conducted to examine the local community's acceptance towards mangrove forest as a sustainable tourism product in Kampung Rampayan Laut and Kampung Nanamun, Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia. In addition to the above, it is also to determine the level of knowledge of the local community on the importance of mangrove forests as well as to determine the level of willingness of the local community to participate in mangrove forest management. These two specific sites were selected due to the increasing tourists influx in the area for mangrove forest river-cruise and fireflies watching. Purposive sampling technique was used which involved distribution of questionnaires to 150 respondents from both Kampung Rampayan Laut and Kampung Nanamun, which is about 10% from the actual population size. Likert scale was used in the questionnaire form, ranging from one which represents strongly disagree to five which represents strongly agree for each item to measure respondents’ level of acceptance, knowledge, and willingness to participate in mangrove forest management. The study found that the level of local communities acceptance is high which supports the efforts to make mangrove forest as a sustainable tourism product. This study also found that local communities have the basic knowledge on the importance of mangrove forests to the ecosystems and are willing to be involved in mangrove management. This study has identified the community’s acceptance towards mangrove forest as a sustainable tourism product through their perception of benefits acquired through mangrove forest tourism which could be used as a baseline data for wetland resource management to ensure sustainability.

Thinking out loud: how science faces crises

Thinking out loud: how science faces crises

Marketing Cultural Tourism in a Developing Country Setting: The Case of Murshidabad, West Bengal, India

Many potential destinations are rich in cultural resources. As cultural tourism becomes increasingly important for communities to showcase their cultural capital, it is vital to assess how cultural tourists can be better understood and serviced through planning and marketing to attract more international visitors. The marketing funnel process can help policymakers understand the critical components of tourists' visiting behavior. The process conceptualizes the process of how a consumer purchases a product or service from awareness through to purchase. We augment this marketing funnel process by also noting the importance of postconsumption evaluation: the likelihood to recommend. Cultural heritage tourism is an important feature of India's tourism. Murshidabad, a district of West Bengal, India, situated on the bank of Bhagirathi River, is 220 km away from the State capital, Kolkata. Murshidabad has a large number of cultural resources, both tangible and intangible. The study explores the cultural resources and their potential availability in Murshidabad. This will determine the scope of cultural heritage tourism development. This research assesses tourists' awareness, visitation, and likelihood to recommend cultural heritage resources in Murshidabad. It also assesses residents' perceptions towards cultural heritage tourism development as well as the community's participation level in cultural tourism development. This research uses a quantitative method to sample both tourists and the local community. The findings reveal strong support for cultural tourism development among the local community and high willingness to recommend many cultural attractions, although promotion and awareness of some attractions can be improved.