Community Service Research Articles

Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare programs in Zimbabwe: a mixed methods study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare services. Understanding similar epidemic-related disruptions on a broader scope in our local setting is critical for the effective planning of essential services. The study determined the impact of Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) on healthcare programs in Zimbabwe.MethodsA mixed-methods study compared healthcare service delivery trends from the Ministry of Health and Child Care before, during and post the pandemic. It employed two methods of data collection: Key informant interviews (KII) and secondary data analysis from the Zimbabwe District Health Information Systems 2 (DHIS2). Purposive sampling obtained key informants for interviews whilst 18 healthcare service indicators were identified from the national database. Statistical analysis consisted of an interrupted time series analysis of those indicators preceded by visualization to appreciate trend change. An inductive approach was used to code and identify basic themes which were then triangulated against DHIS2 findings.ResultsThe study revealed that COVID-19 had a negative impact on health service delivery; increasing disruptions of critical healthcare services, maternal and child health, reproductive health issues, and other specialist services were prominent. The rise in maternal and child mortality cases and caesarean sections could be directly linked to the decline in service delivery during the pandemic. Mitigation strategies that were introduced during the pandemic included the use of community-based services, outreach services, capacity building, and de-congestion of public services.ConclusionsThe pandemic disrupted healthcare delivery, causing service usage to decline due to lockdowns. Response strategies included community services, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement. Future readiness requires epidemic plans, enhanced resources, a multisectoral approach, workforce training, and public education.

Providing a QuickStart for people with newly acquired spinal cord injury: a new model of care offering in-reach advice and support.

Descriptive study of a pilot model of care named QuickStart. To describe the eligibility, rehabilitation pathways, team composition, and service delivery of a novel model of care for people with newly acquired spinal cord injuries (SCI). Queensland Spinal Cord Injuries Service, Metro South Health, Queensland, Australia. In April 2022, QuickStart was established with a multidisciplinary team of health professionals to provide early in-reach specialist SCI expertise to individuals with newly acquired spinal cord injury and their treating clinicians. Between July 2022 and June 2024, QuickStart accepted 508 patients who were admitted to a Queensland or northern New South Wales hospital. Patients who received QuickStart support followed one of two pathways: they completed their primary rehabilitation in the Spinal Injuries Unit (SIU) at Princess Alexandra Hospital or at another facility. QuickStart provides specialised SCI support to patients and their treating team via a range of modalities including face-to-face review, telephone and videoconference. Referral numbers increased by 22% from the first year of operation, along with a 38% increase in the average QuickStart caseload. Patients received, on average, 12 occasions of service and a total service provision time of 452 min. All QuickStart patients received referrals to other specialised SCI community services within the Queensland Spinal Cord Injuries Service. QuickStart is a promising model of care that has improved access to specialised SCI expertise for individuals with newly acquired SCI, particularly those who may not have immediate access to specialised rehabilitation services.

Why volunteer to teach? The motivation of volunteer student teachers to enter the teaching profession

ABSTRACT Service learning, as a practice that links community service with learning activities, is gaining popularity in teacher education as an experiential educational approach. However, a deeper understanding of teachers’ motivation in service learning is required to improve teacher retention and commitment. Utilising the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice (FIT-Choice) framework, this empirical study attempts to understand the reasons why student teachers volunteer in rural China and the differences between volunteer and non-volunteer teachers in their motivation and perception of the profession. The sample includes 201 volunteer and 812 non-volunteer student teachers. The results validate the FIT-Choice scale for Chinese volunteer student teachers and reveal significant differences in most motivational factors between the two groups. Volunteer student teachers perceive the teaching profession as less demanding and more rewarding than their non-volunteer counterparts. Moreover, they express greater satisfaction with their career choice. This research advocates for volunteer teaching as a valuable pedagogical approach to teacher education and a means of addressing teacher shortages.

Upaya Meningkatan Pemahaman Masyarakat Desa Tanjung Mas Mengenai Sistem Akad (Mudharabah) Bagi Hasil Pada Petani Padi

The Community Service Program (KKN) in the form of this research is based on the collaboration of KKN Students of Raden Fatah State Islamic University of Palembang in Tanjung Mas Village, Rantau Alai District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. This article was created to find out how the people of Tanjung Mas Village carry out the Mudharabah Agreement which they apply in the agricultural system there. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, the way to collect data is by means of Observation, Interviews, and Documentation in the Field. In Islam, agriculture is not seen only as a worldly activity, but is an activity that has spiritual meaning. This can be seen from the assumption that the agricultural products that are utilized have a value of alms, which shows a relationship between activities that are suitable for planting and faith in Allah. The majority of Indonesian people themselves work as farmers, in order to meet their living needs. The results of the study show that the current agricultural management system has developed rapidly, therefore the researcher aims for the people of Tanjung Mas Village to know how the management system in using the correct Mudharabah Agreement is in accordance with Islamic law, in order to support economic development there.

Pelatihan Menulis Feature Bagi Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Baru Kabupaten Pidie Jaya

Feature writing is a process of telling an event or topic in an in-depth and interesting way, by combining elements of fact, opinion, and a compelling storytelling style. Feature is different from news because it provides information that is more comprehensive, personalized, and evokes the reader's emotions. Feature contains “more” information than regular news, including things that may be overlooked by the news and may never be “stale” (not actual) like regular news. This training is conducted so that students can write features well. The method used in this community service is to use lectures, questions and answers, and group work by direct guidance. From the participants' good writing results, it can be concluded that students already understand feature writing well. Enthusiasm was also seen when students asked various things in the world of writing features and to the service team during the question and answer session. This is evident after they get the material and are guided and guided directly by lecturers and students so that in the end they are able to write features well that are diverse. With the training provided by the PKM Team, it shows that SMAN 1 Bandar Baru students have been able to write features with a variety of topics. The features writing training given to the students of SMAN 1 Bandar Baru went well.

Building an Active and Happy Lifestyle in the Village

Cheerful healthy gymnastics is a series of gymnastic movements that aim to maintain and improve physical fitness with fun music accompaniment to burn enthusiasm. This activity aims to gain health and physical fitness. A fit person means that the person has dynamic health that can support physical or psychological activities. Meanwhile, one's fitness can have a good influence on one's performance which will affect productivity in living everyday life. Physical fitness is the body's ability to carry out daily activities without feeling excessive fatigue so that it can live a productive life because it has enough energy to carry out physical activities smoothly. Through this community service activity, KKN students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Mamuju invited a members of the Family Welfare Development (PKK) in Karama village, Tinambung Subdistrict, to do cheerful healthy gymnastics activities regularly in the morning every week on Sundays. In addition to being beneficial for health, this exercise is also useful for improving mood (cheerfulness), making sleep soundly and can control weight.

Empowerment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Increasing Sales Turnover Through the Ramadhan Market in Brodot Village, Bandarkedungmulyo District

This community service aims to empower Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Brodot Village to increase sales turnover through optimizing the Ramadhan Market activities. MSMEs are an important sector in the local economy that has great potential but often faces various challenges, such as limited market access, minimal product innovation, and lack of effective marketing strategies. This activity was carried out by a team from STAI At-Tahdzib in collaboration with the Brodot Village government. The activity methods include field observation, training, direct assistance, and ongoing evaluation. Initial observations showed that the majority of MSMEs did not have adequate understanding of digital marketing and attractive product packaging. In the training, participants were given materials about promotional techniques, the use of social media, simple financial management, and product branding. The Ramadhan Market was used as a direct practice medium to sell their products openly to the public. MSMEs were facilitated with tents, promotional banners, and social media as promotional tools. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in sales turnover, especially for snack and pastry products. In addition to financial improvements, this activity also increased the knowledge and confidence of business actors in developing their products. Participants began to actively utilize online platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook for promotion. Several MSMEs began to package products with more attractive labels and designs. This activity also encouraged collaboration between business actors and created a stronger local business network. During the activity, community enthusiasm was very high. The Ramadan Market became a seasonal economic center that had a positive impact on the village economy. Students involved also gained practical experience in the community empowerment process based on devotion.

Peran Perguruan Tinggi dalam Membentuk Generasi Moderat: Pentingnya Moderasi Beragama bagi Mahasiswa

This study explores the role of higher education institutions in shaping a moderate generation through the internalization of religious moderation values within academic environments. The focus is on the Faculty of Sharia at UIN Siber Syekh Nurjati Cirebon, which implements strategic approaches through an integrative curriculum, participatory teaching methods, and value-based student activities. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using observations and interviews with lecturers teaching courses related to religious moderation. The findings reveal that values such as tolerance, justice, and balance are conveyed through the integration of moderation content in Islamic studies courses, the use of relevant case studies, and open classroom discussions. Students are also engaged in interfaith programs and community service projects that allow them to apply these values in real-life contexts. The study concludes that higher education plays a strategic role in shaping inclusive and tolerant student character. A holistic curriculum and an open academic environment are effective in fostering a moderate generation in a pluralistic society

The Entrepreneurship Training and Mentoring in Dusun Tengah, Padurungan Village, Tanah Merah District, Bangkalan Regency

Padurungan Village, Tanah Merah District, Bangkalan-Madura Regency has a number of residents, the majority of whom are farmers. So the income of the Padurungan village community is from farming, and only once a year due to very limited land conditions. Therefore, we aim to carry out community service to improve the economy of the community with the Title Entrepreneurship Training and Mentoring in Dusun Tengah Village Padurungan District, Tanah Merah District, Bangkalan Regency. The method of this activity is participatory action research (PAR). Of course, the researchers went directly to the field to analyze and collect data. And the researchers found that the Padurungan village community, apart from farming, also grew crops such as: cucumbers, cassava, sesame seeds, peanuts, corn and others. This can be traded in the market, the rest is consumed personally. The researcher conducted a preliminary study to provide an understanding of how to improve an efficient and effective economy in accordance with the natural resources in the village. And in this case, the formation of a home industry is very relevant, namely a home business producing goods or a small company, because this type of activity is centered at home, the existence of a home industry will bring significant changes to improving the quality of life of the community. In this, efforts are needed to protect and develop this business. The research used in the study is a qualitative method. with the existence of a home industry, cassava leaf chips become a strategy in the Miro Business and can increase the income of the community in Padurungan Village.

Barriers and facilitators to accessing mental health services among young people living with HIV and healthcare professionals in Mozambique: a content and sentiment analysis using the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour (COM-B) framework

BackgroundEnsuring timely and effective access to mental health (MH) services is crucial in Mozambique, where the suicide rate is 13.7/100.000, twice that of sub-Saharan Africa. This is particularly significant for a MH at-risk group, such as young adults (YA) living with HIV. This study aimed to assess barriers/facilitators to access MH services for YAs, comparing by HIV status, in Beira, Mozambique.MethodsA cross-sectional study using focus groups and key-informant interviews was conducted between July and August 2023, involving YAs (18–24 years) with (YALHIV) and without HIV (YAHIV-) and MH staff of five health centres (HCs). A deductive approach was adopted using the COM-B framework to classify themes referring to barriers/facilitators to access MH services. Two researchers carried out the content analysis independently, assessing the inter-rater agreement through Cohen’s K.ResultsA total of 48 YAs (half with HIV), and 15 MH providers were involved. Of the 650 themes identified, 347 (53.4%) were labelled as barriers. Opportunities were the most frequent barrier (57.7%): social ones were related to community stigma, while physical ones to staff shortage, lack of community services, and distance from HCs. Physical opportunities were a more frequent barrier in YAHIV- (p < 0.001) and females (p = 0.013). Automatic motivation was related to self-stigma and preconceived distrust. It was more common as a barrier among YAHIV- (65.6% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.032). Reflective motivation was the most frequent facilitator (33.1%): YALHIV reported good knowledge of their MH risk factors, and YAHIV- had previous positive experiences with MH services for people close to them. Psychological capability was a barrier for both YAs and MH staff, related to a lack of knowledge of health services and MH in general.ConclusionsAddressing community and self-stigma and scaling up community MH services, increasing MH staff, are the two main action points that emerged to improve access to MH services. More attention should be paid to YAHIV-, which showed significant access barriers.

Enhancing Environmental Awareness in Elementary Students Through 3R Education: Implementation and Impact at SDN 6 Padang Sambian Klod

This Community Service Program seeks to improve students' caring attitudes towards the environment at SDN 6 Padang Sambian Klod through the application of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept. The main problem in focus is the student’s low level of knowledge and participation in appropriate waste disposal activities which results in pollution of the environment. This problem is solved through direct observation, counseling, discussions, and practical work including waste sorting and recycling workshops. The students’ improved awareness and behavior is profound. More than eighty percent of students have shown improvement in waste management understanding, practiced waste segregation, and recycling. Teachers and parents also noted that students were actively participating in cleanliness activities at school and at home. Even so, there are still problems such as a greater proportion of these facilities need to be provided and sustained waste management practices need to be more deeply entrenched. The conclusions drawn are that further education and better facilities would help children develop better environmental attitudes.

Peningkatan Literasi Keuangan dan Akses Permodalan Para Perempuan Pelaku Usaha Desa Klinting Kabupaten Banyumas

The community service program (PKM) carried out for women entrepreneurs in Klinting Village, Somagede District, Banyumas Regency. The program mainly aims to improve community understanding of business financial management and increase access to capital in formal financial institutions. The objectives of the PKM are achieved through socialization on business financial management and strategies for obtaining efficient capital in formal financial institutions as well as simple bookkeeping training. Through these PKM activities, the awareness of women entrepreneurs in Klinting Village about the importance of effective business financial management and financial records is expectedly increased. Women entrepreneurs were given insight into external capital sources from formal institutions, namely banks, and were introduced to effective strategies for obtaining capital from banks. In addition, entrepreneurs in Klinting Village also gain insight into the risks of informal and illegal loans, as well as how to utilize financial technology, such as digital wallets, to support their business operations. This program is expected to be able to reduce the dependence of women entrepreneurs on informal loans, encourage business sustainability, and build economic independence for the Klinting Village community. In the long term, this program has the potential to strengthen family economic stability while creating inclusive and sustainable business growth

Addressing the Stigma of Mental Illness in Black Families and Communities in Ontario, Canada: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Racism and discrimination are among the factors perpetuating the persistent disparities within the Canadian health sector and related social and community services. Addressing issues of racism in Canada is crucial to reducing the mounting mental health disparities that subsequently impact the psychological well-being of diverse groups of people, particularly racialized and Black individuals. While some research has been conducted on mental illness-related stigma, very few peer-reviewed studies have attempted antistigma interventions to address mental health disparities in Black families and communities in Canada. This study aims to generate critical knowledge to reduce mental health disparities and mental illness stigma experienced by Black families and communities and engage them in cocreating a best-practice model to guide policy and programming. Our study intends to engage individuals living with or affected by mental illness, service providers, and community leaders in Black communities who are interested in stigma reduction activities and advocacy in Ontario, particularly in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), including Durham and York Regions, London, Ontario, Brampton, and Ottawa. Informed by population health promotion approaches, critical race theory, and an intersectionality framework underpinned by social justice principles, this mixed methods study will engage individuals of Caribbean and African descent in 5 cities in Ontario. We will use online self-reported surveys with Black individuals (335/431) to assess depression, anxiety, stress, mental health knowledge, racial discrimination, and mental health stigma. We will also engage Black individuals (40/431) and service providers and community leaders (16/431) in focus groups and individual interviews (10/431). Results from the survey and focus groups will inform concept mapping activities with cross-sector leaders, decision makers, and community advocates (30/431) to cocreate a best-practice model to improve mental health outcomes in Black families and communities. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential analyses through SPSS (IBM Corp). Qualitative data will be transcribed verbatim, and NVivo software (Lumivero) will be used for data management. We will apply Braun and Clarke's framework of 6 phases in thematic analysis. As of September 2024, the study has received ethical approval in Canada. We have completed data collection for phase one of the study and plans are far advanced to start recruitment for phases 2 and 3. Results from the study are expected in the last quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2026. This project will generate a novelty of knowledge to contribute to effective ways of addressing mental illness stigma and promoting mental health literacy in Black families and communities and other vulnerable populations. In addition, the knowledge gained from this study will be taken back to Black communities to empower affected individuals and their families. DERR1-10.2196/66851.

Co-designing a novel service delivery pathway to increase access to autism identification and care within a non-profit community organization serving culturally and linguistically diverse families.

Culturally and linguistically diverse families experience greater challenges accessing timely, autism-specialized care relative to non-culturally and linguistically diverse families, and ultimately experience less optimal health outcomes. Alternative pathways to access autism care for culturally and linguistically diverse families are needed; however, the features of a novel pathway remain unclear. A co-design process was used with a culturally embedded non-profit community organization to develop a novel service delivery pathway for increasing access to autism services for culturally and linguistically diverse families in the United States. Twenty-three individuals participated in eight, 2-hour co-design sessions. Participants included front-line staff (seven non-specialist providers), management leaders (two program supervisors and two organization directors), and eight end-users (caregivers) from seven understudied cultural and linguistic groups (i.e. Somali Mai Mai, Swahili, Arabic, Dari/Pashto, French, Amharic, and Tigrinya) and four autism specialists. The co-design identified five key design features: respecting diversity, prioritizing caregiver agency, increasing accessibility, minimizing stigma, and maximizing feasibility. These features informed the co-development of a novel pathway to access autism identification and care for culturally and linguistically diverse families that pairs navigation services with the dissemination of brief, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based parenting and coping strategies. This power-sharing, community-academic partnership may serve as a model for improving equity in autism care.Lay AbstractEarly, specialized support is important for helping young autistic children learn and develop. However, families from different cultural backgrounds often find it challenging to access this early help. A university lab and a community organization worked together to create a new way for these families to access autism services. We used a co-design approach, which involves gathering feedback from a variety of people involved in autism care, including service providers, community leaders, caregivers, and autism experts. Twenty-three individuals participated in eight co-design sessions that were two hours each. Participants were from different language groups, including Somali Mai Mai, Swahili, Arabic, Dari/Pashto, French, Amharic, and Tigrinya. These sessions helped us identify five important factors important for improving access to needed services: being mindful about cultural differences between groups, empowering caregivers, providing information and support for accessing services, reducing stigma around autism, and ensuring the service is practical to use. Based on these factors, we developed a new pathway for families to access autism care. This new approach includes providing help in navigating the medical and educational systems and provides short, culturally appropriate advice for parenting and coping. This project shows how working together with communities can create more fair and effective ways to provide autism support.

Suffolk Libraries: enhancing well-being within its community

ABSTRACT Libraries are community spaces that offer social and health-related activities. Yet, evidence highlighting how libraries enhance well-being in their communities is limited. This paper examines how activities run by Suffolk Libraries enhance the well-being of users within their community. During Study 1, library users completed a questionnaire investigating library use, loneliness, social connectedness, and social assurance. Study 1 identified that as library usage increased social connectedness, social assurance also increased. During Study 2, activity group users completed a questionnaire investigating happiness, satisfaction with life, and mental well-being before and after their activity group. Study 2 found increases in satisfaction with life and mental well-being after an activity group. These findings demonstrate the positive impact that Suffolk Libraries has on users. Thus, it is concluded that Suffolk Libraries, an example of a community-based service, facilitates well-being. Future work is proposed that examines in what way community services support well-being, as well as user’s motivations to engage with these services.

Edukasi Pemberian Senam Otak untuk Mencegah Demensia pada Lansia di Posyandu Kenanga Waru

When someone enters old age, symptoms such as senility or difficulty remembering new information often appear. This condition is known as dementia, a syndrome characterized by decreased cognitive function, behavioral changes, memory impairment, disorientation, and difficulty communicating and making decisions. This community service program aims to provide information and understanding about how to handle dementia that can be done at home. Activities are carried out through a counseling method consisting of a pre-test, education, and post-test, using leaflets and questionnaires containing questions to measure the level of understanding of participants. The results of the counseling showed an increase in participant knowledge, as seen from the comparison of the graph between the pre-test and post-test results. Education accompanied by brain gymnastics practices has been shown to have a positive impact on increasing participants' understanding of dementia and how to handle it. It is hoped that this counseling will continue to provide benefits to participants and can be applied in everyday life.

Pendampingan dan Edukasi Pembukaan Program Tahsin dan Tahfidzul Qur’an dalam Rangka Pemberantasan Buta Aksara al-Qur’an

This community service program aims to provide assistance and education in the implementation of tahsin and tahfidzul Qur'an programs in Merbau Village, Bunut District, Pelalawan Regency. This initiative is presented as a strategic step in an effort to eradicate Qur'an illiteracy which is still a challenge among the local community. Through this program, it is hoped that the community can better understand and practice the values contained in the Qur'an, thus not only improving their ability to read the Qur'an, but also strengthening their faith and devotion. This assistance is carried out by following a series of steps, including preparation, coordination with partner foundations, coordination with the village government, education about tahsin and tahfidzul Qur'an programs, assistance in signing the MoU between the two parties, and support in establishing an independent foundation. By involving various related parties, this service program is expected to help overcome the problem of Qur'an illiteracy in the community. The result of this program is the increasing number of community members who are able to read and memorize the Qur'an, so that overall it can reduce the number of Qur'an illiteracy in Merbau Village and its surroundings.

Role of Human Resource Competence in Improving the Quality of MSMEs Towards Halal and Green Economy

This international community service aims to improve the competence of MSME human resources in managing businesses based on halal principles, helping MSMEs understand how to move towards halal and implementing Green Economy practices in their business lines. The Green Economy approach aims to improve human welfare and social justice while reducing the risk of environmental damage and resource scarcity. Using the ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) approach targeting MSME stakeholders fostered by the Bandung Regency Regional Development Research and Innovation Planning Agency (Bapperida). The results of this Community Service show that the application of the principle of resource efficiency in the context of a green economy by MSME actors fostered by the Bandung Regency Regional Development Research and Innovation Planning Agency (Bapperida) has made significant progress, although there are still challenges to be faced. Through interviews with several MSME owners, it was revealed that they have begun to implement efficient practices in the use of raw materials and waste management. By continuously striving to improve environmentally friendly practices, MSMEs will not only strengthen their position in the market but also play an active role in preserving the environment for future generations

Exploring the Role of Social Capital in Traditional Market Survival Amid Urban Retail Transformation

This study investigates the survival strategies of traditional markets amid the rise of modern retail establishments. Utilizing an ethnographic approach, the research explores how traditional markets in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, leverage personalized service, flexible pricing, and strong community ties to maintain customer loyalty. Findings highlight the significant role of social relationships, trust, and economic adaptability in sustaining these markets. Despite competitive pressures from modern retail, traditional markets thrive by embedding economic transactions within cultural and relational frameworks. Manual thematic analysis of interviews, participant observations, and documentary sources revealed that vendors employ relational labor and adaptive practices to foster resilience. This study underscores the importance of preserving traditional markets as vital components of urban culture, community life, and inclusive economies.

Pelatihan Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi dan Numerasi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Paninggaran Kuningan

The Merdeka Curriculum has been implemented in most schools in Indonesia, from PAUD to SMA. One form of assessment in this curriculum is the Computer-Based National Assessment (ANBK), which includes various types of assessments, including the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM), learning environment surveys, and character surveys. In AKM, students are expected to master literacy and numeracy skills through questions with relatively long texts, which often make it difficult for many students to understand and solve the questions satisfactorily. As a solution, it is important for schools to intensively introduce the types of AKM questions to students and get them used to, both independently and in groups, solving numeracy literacy-based questions using interactive e-books. This community service program was carried out for one day at SDN Paninggaran Darma, Kuningan Regency, and focused on introducing AKM questions based on numeracy literacy. During the activity, grade 5 students showed that they were not familiar with the questions, so they still faced difficulties in solving the problems. The evaluation was conducted by asking students to complete 5 AKM questions based on numeracy literacy directly in class. The conclusion is that students already have an understanding of various types of Minimum Competency Assessment questions based on numeracy literacy and show an increase in their ability to solve questions in the moderate category. To improve students' numeracy literacy skills, routine efforts need to be made to introduce these questions during the daily learning process, so that they can better apply these skills in their daily lives. Suggestion: Students already understand various types of Minimum Competency Assessment questions that focus on numeracy literacy and show an increase in their ability to solve questions with a moderate level of difficulty. In order for students' numeracy literacy skills to continue to develop and be applied in their daily lives, it is important to continue