Environmental time-activity patterns from 2019 to 2025: changing patterns of exposure to different environments depend on work status and job type.

Optimizing energy and regulation services for energy communities with uncertain PV and demand: A bilevel adaptive robust approach

Enhancing outcomes for geriatric patients with evaluation of the social determinants of health.

Purpose:This study explores the role of service learning in achieving educational goals among Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and its impact on sustaining community empowerment and engagement initiatives. Methodology:A community health intervention project was implemented over 4 years in Semenyih and Cheras, involving four cohorts of DrPH students. Enrolment in the elderly health module was an elective course under the family health discipline, with one of the learning outcomes requiring students to design and implement a community-based intervention informed by a situational analysis and needs assessment. A total of 76 students took part in the elderly health promotion projects. All students were required to submit a reflective report. All reports were analysed through qualitative document review. Findings: Analysis revealed two major themes underpinning the integration of service learning with community engagement: (1) participatory action research and (2) capacity development. These themes were further explained through the application of social learning theory, the theory of planned behaviour, and self-determination theory, offering insights into student and community behavioural dynamics. Conclusion:Embedding service learning within doctoral public health education fosters meaningful community engagement and strengthens capacitybuilding initiatives. This approach demonstrates potential for sustaining health promotion participation while simultaneously enhancing higher education outcomes.

In conflict-affected regions of Cameroon, access to malaria care is severely hindered by displacement, insecurity, and disrupted health systems. In response, we conducted an operational research aimed at breaking barriers to malaria services in conflict-affected communities of Cameroon. In 2021, a participatory co-creation workshop was held on the 21st and 22nd of October 2021, bringing together stakeholders from government health services, community leaders, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and community health workers (CHWs)to collaboratively design interventions aimed at addressing barriers to accessing malaria treatment. The workshop built on prior formative research conducted in 80 conflict-affected communities across the South West and Littoral regions of Cameroon, which identified context-specific challenges to malaria care. The design process included plenary sessions, group discussions, and facilitated brainstorming, and employed participatory methods to ensure that community voices shaped the development of the interventions. Three community-based innovations were co-created through this process. Community Health Participatory Approach (CoHPA) was designed to replace the traditional top-down community dialogue structure with a participatory, inclusive model. The Health Voucher System was designed to address financial and geographical barriers, a voucher-based system was introduced to enable access to subsidized malaria services. Vouchers covered malaria testing, treatment, and transport to health facilities. The Supportive Supervision Model was developed to enhance the capacity and motivation of CHWs, who play a crucial role in delivering malaria services in hard-to-reach areas. The co-creation process was key to developing contextually relevant and community-owned malaria interventions. It led to three innovations: the CoHPA model, which introduced internal community-led accountability mechanisms; a Health Voucher System that addressed both financial and transport barriers to care; and a supportive supervision model that aimed to improve CHW performance through bi-directional feedback and recognition. While each intervention introduced novel, context-sensitive elements, concerns remain about their scalability, sustainability, and integration into existing health systems without continued support and investment. The co-creation process produced three community-driven interventions with potential to break key barriers in access to malaria case management in conflict-affected communities of Cameroon. Pilot implementation and community buy-in for integration into national health systems are essential next steps.

Purpose: This study examines how cultural legal values are internalized among elementary school students in Kuala Lumpur, and how this process strengthens their awareness of cultural heritage rights as part of their national identity. Research Methodology: The study was conducted at Sanggar Bimbingan Pantai Dalam through an International Community Service Program involving 15 upper-grade elementary students (aged 10–12). It applied an educative-participatory approach within a juridical-normative framework, using culture-based learning materials, multimedia resources, discussions, simulations, and case exercises. Data were obtained from pre- and post-tests, complemented by observations and reflections, and analyzed descriptively to assess changes in learning outcomes. Results: The findings indicate an improved understanding of cultural heritage and greater awareness of cultural rights, reflected in higher post-test scores and more active participation. Students also demonstrated stronger moral responsibility for cultural preservation and increased tolerance in a multicultural context. Conclusions: This study concludes that integrating cultural legal values through structured classroom learning, co-curricular activities, and teacher role modeling effectively strengthens students’ knowledge and character development. This approach supports the development of legal awareness and respect for cultural diversity from an early age. Limitations: This study had a small sample size, single-institution focus, absence of a control group, brief implementation period, and evaluation methods that emphasized cognitive outcomes. Future research should involve broader samples, longitudinal designs, control groups, and more comprehensive assessment tools. Contributions: This study contributes to legal, multicultural, and character education by offering a practical model for value-based cultural learning in elementary schools.

This study explores the sustainability bottlenecks such as “data islands”, lack of user feedback mechanisms, and service homogeneity that are common when artificial intelligence is applied in community service information systems. This study conducts empirical analysis based on the 2023 operation data of community service platforms in three typical Chinese cities and usage logs from over 1,200 residents. A “multi-loop branched closed loop mechanism” collaborative optimization mechanism was proposed and piloted, and the service performance was significantly improved through institutionalized data fusion architecture, dynamic classification of service nodes, and human-machine collaborative feedback closed-loop (user satisfaction increased by 15.7%, and the average response time was shortened by 34.1%). The approach is not only applicable to smart community scenarios, but its core logic-embedding technology into institutionalized collaborative processes to enable sustainable smart services-provides a migratable methodological contribution to a wider range of service information systems.

This study examined the impact of Fuel Subsidy Removal and Exchange Rate Unification on Academic Productivity in Northwest Geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The conducted in selected Federal Universities and Polytechnics in the states of Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano and Sokoto States administered questionnaire on a sample of 368 academics. Both ANOVA and independent sample-test were employed to test the impact of fuel subsidy removal in sample productivity, productivity declines and resilience to the effects of the policy. The findings revealed that research and publication activities are notably affected by the policy changes where articles in lead journals (mean = 2.93) and conference paper publications (mean = 2.63) show decline, reflecting the rising costs of publication fees, conference registration, and international travel. Additionally, on-going research activities recorded a lower mean of 2.33, indicating that many research projects may be delayed or abandoned. Furthermore, purchase of research materials, chemicals, and reagents recorded a high mean of 3.07, indicating strong agreement that increased costs have hindered such activities. This is as community service activities recorded a mean of 2.77, suggesting that academics’ engagement beyond the campus has declined due to financial and mobility constraints. The study therefore, recommends among other things that, Federal Government employ targeted Transportation and Energy Support for Academics through the introduction of subsidized staff transport systems to mitigate the mobility challenges of fuel subsidy removal. While, management in tertiary institution in the area of study should, prioritized investment in alternative and renewable energy sources on campuses to reduce dependence on costly generators. Keywords: Academics, Productivity, Fuel Subsidy Removal

The 68th Malaysian Independence Day celebration, carrying the theme “Malaysia Madani: Rakyat Disantuni,” was held on August 28, 2025, at Sekolah Menengah Islam (SMI) Ad-Dimyati, Kuala Selangor, aiming to instill the spirit of patriotism, solidarity, and love for the homeland among the school community. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method through participatory observation, documentation, and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that a series of activities such as classroom decoration competitions, flag-raising ceremonies, poetry recitations, and patriotic song performances effectively strengthened national character values and enhanced the active participation of the entire school community, including teachers, staff, students, and KKN (Community Service Program) students. Beyond a ceremonial celebration, this event served as a means of character education integrated with real-life experiences, aligning with the concept of hidden curriculum in education. These findings emphasize the importance of national day commemorations in educational institutions as a medium for learning historical values, national identity, and social solidarity. Therefore, the Independence Day celebration at SMI Ad-Dimyati can serve as an ideal model for other schools in integrating character education with contextual and reflective national activities.

This article aims to describe the implementation of an integrated community service model conducted by KKN students to enhance educational literacy, administrative governance, and digital information systems in Dusun Waru, Samigaluh, Kulon Progo. The method employed a participatory approach consisting of socialization, planning, implementation, and evaluation stages based on social reflection. The programs included interactive learning media and learning motivation sessions for elementary students, assistance in school and TPA accreditation preparation, administrative data collection for residents and Posbindu, early marriage awareness socialization, compost-making training, renewal of administrative signboards, and the development of an official village website. The results indicate increased student learning enthusiasm, improved administrative order, enhanced institutional readiness for accreditation, and the establishment of a website to support transparency and public information access. This integrated service model effectively strengthens community capacity in educational, administrative, and digital aspects and has the potential to be replicated in similar rural contexts.

Purpose: This program aims to enhance the capacity of coastal communities in managing marine ecotourism potential while maintaining the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. Research Methodology: The implementation methods include socialization, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), technical training, and hands-on practice in the creation and installation of BioReefTek media and spiderwebs as tools for coral growth, involving 48 participants (fishermen and Mitra Analaut) on November 8, 2025. Results: The activities resulted in a significant increase in community knowledge and participation in marine conservation, with a 90% improvement measured through pre-test and post-test evaluations. The FGD produced important recommendations regarding the need for synergy between education, conservation, and nature-based economic development. The active role of the Anana Laut Community was a key element of the program’s success through local innovation and cross-sector collaboration involving the community, academics, government, and private sector. Conclusions: This program demonstrates the effectiveness of a holistic approach in integrating simple technology with local wisdom for the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. Limitations: The limitation of this community service lies in the use of the BioReefTek method, which requires experimentation with more complex methods for coral ecosystem restoration. Contributions: This program contributes to the preservation of coral reefs, which are better preserved and experiencing improved growth. It also impacts the increased fish catch for fishermen.

Purpose: This community service program aims to improve students' basic English skills at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Amaliyah, Indramayu, through fun learning methods. It was initiated because of students' low interest and confidence in learning English, caused by conventional approaches. Methodology: The program was conducted at MDTA Amaliyah, Gaunter District, Indramayu Regency, involving 45 students aged 7–9 years. Activities included observation, coordination with teachers, material preparation, and interactive learning using singing, games, illustrated guidebooks, and simple conversation exercises. Evaluation was performed through pre-test and post-test quizzes and observations of student participation. Results: The program led to improvements in students' English skills, particularly in pronunciation, vocabulary recognition, and participation confidence. Conclusions: The fun learning-based program was effective in enhancing MDTA students' basic English skills, including vocabulary, pronunciation, and learning participation, making it suitable for early students in madrasah diniyah. Limitations: The short duration and limited sample size mean that the findings represent only short-term effects and may not be widely generalizable. Contributions: This study reinforces the effectiveness of fun learning methods in early childhood English education and provides a practical learning model for madrasas with limited resources.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the clinical and demographic factors of these patients to understand if treatment could be provided earlier and prevent the need for hospital admission. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using secondary data in a large multi site National Health Service Trust in the Northwest of England. The sample comprised of 905 patients over a 12-month period. Findings A high proportion of patients (n = 362, 40%) admitted to inpatient wards were not under community services at the time of admission. Nearly half (n =170, 47%) of these had been discharged from community services previously. This cohort of 362 patients were significantly more likely to be male (n = 202, p <0003), younger (p > 0001), have shorter length of stay (n =17, p < 0.001) and be discharged directly to community services (n = 116, p < 0.001). Practical implications The findings call into question critical elements of the current design of secondary mental health services and support the need for further exploration of access to services. A focus on case load management and continuity of care principles is recommended. Originality/value The authors are not aware of other published work examining previous community involvement for patients admitted to hospital.

BackgroundUnsafe abortion is a significant global health concern, contributing to high rates of maternal mortality, particularly in developing countries. Women in pastoralist communities face unique challenges to access comprehensive abortion care (CAC) due to sociocultural, economic, and geographical barriers. This study explores the lived experiences of women in their journey to utilize CAC services in pastoralist communities of the Oromia region, Ethiopia.MethodsA phenomenological study was conducted in pastoralist communities of the Oromia region, including the Borana and Guji zones. A total of nine women were interviewed in-depth for their lived experiences in their journey to access the CAC service. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated to English, and coded using Open Code version 4.03 software. Both inductive and deductive thematic analysis were employed to analyze the data. The lived experiences of women in their journey to access CAC services were analyzed under three categories: ‘before’, ‘during’, and ‘after’ utilizing the CAC service.ResultsBefore receiving CAC service, women faced emotional instability, fear, decision-making difficulties, and barriers such as transportation challenges, stigma, and lack of family support. During the service, women reported mixed experiences with healthcare providers, with some receiving supportive care while others reported disrespect and a lack of privacy. Following receiving CAC service, experiences included both relief and satisfaction for some, while others expressed regret and guilt due to cultural and religious beliefs surrounding abortion.ConclusionThe study reveals the complex experiences of women in their journey of accessing CAC services in pastoralist communities, worsened by socio-cultural norms, economic hardship, and limited healthcare infrastructure. Addressing the barriers identified, particularly those related to stigma, provider attitudes, and healthcare accessibility, is essential for improving CAC service delivery in these underserved regions.

This community service aims to assist by disseminating technology related to production equipment, which will help increase both the quantity and quality of products. Additionally, the program offers training on oil quality and teaches how to process waste cooking oil into soap. This community service activity is a way to achieve SDGs in the Decent Work and Economic Growth category through Small Entrepreneur and the Rural Economy. The activities were held in Ngelom Pesantren Village from April until September 2023 to overcome the priority problems that exist in the cracker entrepreneur group. The participants of this activity were a group of cracker entrepreneurs in Ngelom Pesantren Village, totaling 30 participants. Activities were carried out through research methods, workshops, and procurement of tools to improve the production process and quality of cracker products. The workshop topics covered halal certification of food products, oil quality standards, and making soap from waste cooking oil. The survey results showed that participants had a satisfaction level of 92% towards the activities and 93% towards the procurement of tools provided, and the production increased by 202.78%. In addition, the crackers are less greasy and the packaging is well-sealed, which can improve the quality of cracker products.

Purpose: This activity aims to enhance the digital financial literacy of MSMEs, provide practical skills in the use of QRIS, and offer guidance in its implementation for daily transactions. Moreover, the program seeks to cultivate behavioral changes among local entrepreneurs by encouraging transparency, accountability, and technological adaptation in their business practices. Research Methodology: This activity was conducted on August 28, 2025, and was attended by 30 participants consisting of MSME owners and representatives from the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). The method used included a sharing session of QRIS and a demonstration of its practical use. Results: Participants demonstrated high levels of engagement and enthusiasm, particularly during the QRIS usage simulation. An increase in participants’ knowledge of QRIS was evident from the improvement in their pre-test (55) and post-test scores (83). Conclusions: The implementation of community service activities focused on training and mentoring in the use of QRIS for MSMEs in Purworejo Village has had a positive impact on increasing the community's digital financial literacy. Limitations: Constraints related to limited smartphone proficiency and the substantial distance to formal financial institutions resulted in this program being confined primarily to socialization efforts. It is anticipated that subsequent community engagement initiatives will be able to provide more comprehensive support, particularly in facilitating MSMEs through the formal QRIS registration and merchant onboarding process. Contributions: By equipping participants with both knowledge and hands-on experience, this initiative contributes to improve MSMEs’ knowledge of QRIS usage and encourage some business owners to begin adopting QRIS in their transactional practices.

Mangrove forest rehabilitation is essential to mitigate the impact of abrasion and mangrove ecosystem degradation. Mangrove planting activities with the community of Uwedikan Village, Luwuk Timur Subdistrict, Banggai Regency, were carried out as part of the Kosabangsa Program to support the development of the area’s potential as a Tourism Village. The aim of mangrove planting activities on Togong Island is to prevent coastal abrasion disasters on Togong Island. This community service program was conducted collaboratively between the Muhammadiyah University of Palu and the Uwedikan Village community, involving two groups: the Culinary Pokdarwis Nyiur Melambai Group (CPNMG) and the Teluk Balean Fishermen Group (TBFG), each consisting of 20 members. The activities included socialization, technical training, planting practice at target locations (Togong Island and Balean Island), and monitoring and evaluation The result of activity showed that performance of the training technical planting was classified as moderate (score 43,93) for CPNMG and score for TBFG is 29,38. A total of 750 mangrove seedlings consisting of Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Avicennia marina were obtained from the Watershed Management Center (BPDAS) of Palu-Poso. The planting of seedlings was carried out from October 2024 in coastal areas affected by abrasion (covering 75 m x 10 m), with a planting distance of 1 x 1 m.

The Community Service Program (KKN) organized bythe National University of Education carried the theme "EcoSmart Community" and took place from January 12 to February27 in Pemecutan Village, West Denpasar District, Bali. One of theimplemented work programs was "Health Education throughSocialization and Planting of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) atSD No. 3 Pemecutan," which was conducted on January 23, 2026.This program aimed to foster understanding and awareness ofhealth among elementary school students through an educationaland participatory approach with an environmental perspectiveTheactivity consisted of several stages: interactive socialization on theimportance of maintaining health, introduction to the varioustypes and benefits of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA), and handson practice planting medicinal plants such as ginger, turmeric,aloe vera, and cocor bebek. School land that was previouslyunderutilized was optimized to support these activities. Theexperiential learning method was applied so that students couldlearn directly through real experiences.The results of this activityshowed an increase in students' knowledge about the benefits ofmedicinal plants as an environmentally friendly and easilyaccessible health alternative. Furthermore, the vacant school landwas successfully transformed into a simple TOGA garden, whichnot only holds educational value but also provides ecologicalbenefits. This program contributes to realizing the concept of aneco-smart community through the sustainable use of localresources while instilling healthy living habits from an early age.

Overcrowding in correctional institutions significantly affects the effectiveness of inmate rehabilitation, human rights protection, and social reintegration, particularly in Indonesia and Thailand. This study aims to analyze the regulatory framework and implementation of correctional systems in both countries and conduct a comparative analysis to identify best practices. The research uses a normative juridical method with descriptive-comparative approaches (statute approach and comparative approach), utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials as well as library research. The results indicate that Indonesia, through Law No. 22 of 2022 on Corrections and the new Criminal Code, regulates assimilation, integration, and community service as alternative punishments, yet implementation is limited due to overcrowded prisons and insufficient community involvement. Thailand, through the Probation Act B.E. 2522, Corrections Act B.E. 2560, and Narcotics Act B.E. 2522, effectively supports community-based corrections, open prisons, halfway houses, and official volunteer supervision. The effectiveness of correctional systems depends on the alignment of legal norms, institutional capacity, and community participation.

The mission of the social work profession is to combat all forms of inequality and to ensure social justice when working with individuals, families, groups and society. For the realization of such a mission, the content and quality of the educational curriculum is important. In addition to a strong theoretical foundation, it is essential for social work education programs to adopt new learning models that foster global competence and professional capability, particularly those emphasizing practice-oriented learning. One such learning model is the service-learning model. In this review study, the service-learning model was evaluated in the context of social work practice with the community in order to prioritize community engagement in higher education. The study showed that the intersectionality of the service-learning model with community social work practice is important to strengthen students’ knowledge, skills, and value base in the context of the field, institution, and target populations in which community service is prioritized. Understanding this intersectionality can contribute to a more integrated relationship between theory and practice, and foster internationalization, sustainability, and solidarity in higher education. Therefore, supporting the employment of social workers who are competent in these practices in universities may be an important starting point for community service in social work education.