Medication reviews (MRs) are increasingly implemented to optimize medication use and address drug-related problems in patients with complex pharmacotherapy, with medication review type 2a (MR2a) representing an intermediate format involving a pharmacist-led structured assessment with patient interview, based on clinical and medication data, without direct prescriber interaction. Despite their widespread implementation, systematic and operational approaches to evaluate the quality of MRs remain limited. In Belgium, Medication Review type 2a (MR2a) has been implemented in routine practice of community pharmacies since 2023, yet no validated instruments exist to evaluate the quality of written MR2a reports. This study aimed to adapt the existing BRANT-MERQS framework for the quality evaluation of MR2a reports and to assess the usability, reproducibility and reliability of the resulting tool (BRANT-MERQS-2A). Relevant criteria were selected from the original BRANT-MERQS and expanded with criterion-specific instructions to form the BRANT-MERQS-2A. Initial testing involved two student assessors independently evaluating 98 MR2a reports, with interrater agreement (IRA) assessed using weighted Cohen's Kappa. In a subsequent extended testing phase, the same reports were assessed by 61 final-year pharmacy students, with three randomly selected students evaluating each MR2A report. Interrater reliability was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Gwet's AC1. Assessment duration was recorded to evaluate feasibility. Initial testing demonstrated strong IRA between the two student assessors. In the extended student cohort, agreement at the criterion level ranged from poor to moderate, with an overall ICC of 0.62, indicating moderate reliability. Criteria differed in discriminatory capacity, with some showing high absolute agreement but limited variability. Assessment time decreased over successive rounds, reflecting a learning effect and improved efficiency. The BRANT-MERQS-2A provides a feasible and structured approach for assessing the quality of MR2a reports. While variability at criterion level reflects the inherent complexity of MR2a, the tool demonstrates potential for self-and peer-assessment and offers a valuable foundation for further refinement and integration into routine quality monitoring.

The Socialization of the Key Elements of Practice Redesign in Community Pharmacies: The 2025-2026 AACP Professional Affairs Standing Committee Report.

The aim of our study was to understand how routine pharmacy practice was impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences for patient access. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible primary care providers, playing a vital role in primary care access for patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacists took on numerous additional roles to support safe primary care access. As health systems are in the latter stages of recovery from the pandemic, understanding how the pandemic impacted routine community pharmacy practice and the repercussions for post-pandemic practice is important. Between September 2020 and January 2021, we interviewed 11 pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Nova Scotia, Canada. We thematically analyzed qualitative data pertaining to pharmacists' perceptions of pandemic impacts on providers, patients, and pharmacy practice. The COVID-19 pandemic greatly impacted community pharmacy practice, patients, and community pharmacists. Participants recommended maintaining some of the community pharmacy practice changes and suggested that continuing to expand the scope of practice for pharmacists is essential to meeting population health needs moving forward. Pharmacists recognize and are willing to maintain the essential roles they have assumed in facilitating patient access to primary care. Decision-makers should consider providing the necessary supports (e.g., communication software) and funding support to enable the full scope of community pharmacist practice.

Emergency contraception (EC) is a time-sensitive pharmacy service in which consistent, patient-centred counselling is important but can be challenging to deliver in routine practice. This prospective implementation study evaluated the feasibility and real-world use of a digital counselling support tool for pharmacist-led EC consultations in Swiss community pharmacies. The tool combines patient self-reporting with structured, evidence-based support for pharmacist counselling. All EC consultations between 1 November 2023 and 14 February 2026 using the tool in 10 Swiss community pharmacies were analysed descriptively (n = 3428), alongside a voluntary anonymous post-consultation survey (n = 148) assessing patient-reported experience and acceptance. Median total consultation duration was 11:32 min, including 4:27 min of direct pharmacist counselling, indicating partial transfer of assessment to the digital pre-consultation phase. Ulipristal acetate was dispensed in 71% and levonorgestrel in 26% of consultations. Prior to counselling, 80% of patients reported uncertainty regarding the optimal active ingredient, underscoring the relevance of pharmacist involvement. Survey respondents rated the tool as easy to use (97%), discreet (99%), and trustworthy (98%); 85% preferred it over standard paper-based procedures. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and patient acceptance of integrating a digital tool into routine EC services and suggest that such tools may support structured, evidence-based counselling within community pharmacy practice.

Studies examining the use of virtual reality (VR)-based simulations in pharmacy education have primarily focused on skill development and general student satisfaction, while research exploring how such interventions relate to internship experiences and professional identity formation is limited. This study aimed to explore pharmacy students' perceptions and experiences of VR-based pre-internship education in relation to their professional identity formation and real-world internship experiences. A descriptive qualitative design was employed. A two-phase qualitative study was conducted using individual in-depth interviews to gain insights into the participants' experiences. The study utilized a previously developed and nationally recognized VR intervention (FarmaVR) designed to introduce the key aspects of community pharmacy practice. Twenty-one in-depth individual interviews were conducted with the participants. The findings from the individual interviews were organized into three broad themes: positive impact of virtual reality on learning, weaknesses of virtual reality, and perceptions of virtual reality. The findings suggest that VR-based pre-internship education may support pharmacy students' preparation for internship experiences by facilitating early engagement with their professional roles. Virtual simulations may serve as a complementary educational approach when integrated into comprehensive training strategies that emphasize interpersonal skill development and authentic clinical exposure.

Community pharmacy practice has evolved from dispensing and medication counseling towards clinical pharmacy services such as medication reviews to ensure rational pharmacotherapy. These functions require better access to patient data than are currently available in community pharmacies. This study aimed to identify and prioritize patient data that should be available in Finnish community pharmacies for 1) statutory dispensing, including medication counseling, and 2) clinical pharmacy services promoting rational pharmacotherapy. This study applied a three-round Delphi survey with an expert panel of 20 clinical pharmacists. A consensus was formed using a preliminary list of patient data (39 items) important for managing major long-term diseases and related pharmacotherapies in outpatient care. The list was based on literature and research group's expertise. A consensus ≥80% was required. The responses were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Most panelists (n=15/19) perceived the current patient data available in community pharmacies insufficient. More patient data should be available, especially for providing clinical pharmacy services, but also for dispensing and related medication counseling (34 vs. 11 items reached a consensus, respectively). For both purposes, patient data on diagnoses, kidney function, and blood pressure were rated most important to be available. Panelists expressed some concerns about community pharmacists' resources and competence to use the data. Consensus was reached for a relatively large set of patient data items to be available in community pharmacies, especially for providing clinical pharmacy services.

Automatic substitution of biological medicines refers to a dispensing practice in community pharmacies in which a pharmacist substitutes a prescribed biological medicine with an interchangeable biologic product without contacting the prescriber. Automatic substitution of biological medicines in community pharmacies offers one possibility to reduce increased healthcare expenditures through price competition among biological medicines. The implementation of automatic substitution requires active engagement, information and coordination to maintain medication safety. Research on healthcare professionals' perceptions towards automatic substitution remains limited. This study provides insight into automatic substitution from the perspective of rheumatology nurses, whose role in rheumatology patient care is essential. The Aim of the study was to explore rheumatology nurses' perceptions of automatic substitution of biological medicines and its safe implementation. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews in 2025. The participants were rheumatology nurses (n = 10) with clinical experience in patient care, including injection and device guidance for patients. The data were analysed with inductive content analysis. To ensure comprehensive and transparent reporting, the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was utilised. Four categories were identified: (1) Perceptions of automatic substitution, (2) Factors supporting the implementation of automatic substitution, (3) Concerns related to automatic substitution, and (4) Safe implementation of automatic substitution. All interviewees acknowledged the critical roles of community pharmacies and healthcare personnel in ensuring safe implementation. Perceptions of automatic substitution were positive, although concerns were raised about medication-related issues and work-related challenges such as increased workload in patient counselling. Factors supporting the implementation of automatic substitution were mainly related to the suitability of biological medicines for substitution, and patients' experience of biological medicines and generic substitution. Rheumatology nurses' perceptions of automatic substitution were generally positive, and they considered biological medicines suitable for substitution. However, their concerns regarding work-related challenges and medication-related issues highlight the importance of ensuring sufficient resources to sustain patient safety. Successful and safe implementation of automatic substitution will require comprehensive patient counselling.

Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) pose a significant Public Health concern affecting patient safety in both urban and rural settings. Ensuring the Rational Use of Medicines is a central activity of Pharmaceutical Care (PC). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Pharmacist-led Intervention (PLI) in reducing DRPs and to analyze differences between rural and urban settings. The influence of sociodemographic variables in PLI acceptance was also estimated. A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-post PLI approach from August 2023 to June 2025 in Valencia (Spain). Patients whose medication was reviewed in community pharmacies were included and classified according to pharmacy location, categorized into rural (less than 5,000 inhabitants) and urban areas. This allowed a comparative analysis in each setting. Main variables included total number of DRPs, DRPs categorization, and sociodemographic factors in each location. PLI resulted in a notable reduction in general DRPs (p < 0.05) in both urban and rural settings. Significant differences were observed for precautions for use, contraindications, and START criteria (p < 0.05) between urban and rural settings. Furthermore, locations with more than 600 inhabitants evidenced a higher number of DRPs (p < 0.05). Additional analysis demonstrated that acceptance of PLI was significantly associated with region, urban/rural area, number of health centers, DRPs category, pharmacists' recommendations, and category of medical intervention (p < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that a higher number of medications and living in areas with more than one health center (urban areas) were associated with an increased likelihood of intervention acceptance. This study confirms the positive impact of PLI on reducing drug-related problems. However, particular differences between rural and urban settings require adjustment of intervention strategies to optimize PC.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the behaviours of community pharmacists in Türkiye regarding the provision of travel health services (THS) and to identify the determinants of these behaviours using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).DesignA cross-sectional descriptive study.SettingOnline nationwide survey conducted in Türkiye.ParticipantsThe study included 145 Turkish community pharmacists with at least 5 years of professional experience who had provided THS to at least one patient in the previous year.InterventionsA theory-based measurement tool was developed and validated according to the TPB framework. Data were collected via self-administered online questionnaires between May 2024 and July 2024. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the factors influencing pharmacists’ behaviours and intentions towards THS.ResultsThe structural equation model demonstrated an acceptable fit with the empirical data. Pharmacists’ intentions to provide THS were significantly influenced by subjective norms (β=0.19, p<0.05) and perceived behavioural control (PBC) (β=0.49, p<0.001). PBC was identified as the strongest predictor of intention. Furthermore, pharmacists’ intentions significantly and positively influenced their actual behaviour in providing THS (β=0.49, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe findings confirm that providing THS is a suitable and essential role for community pharmacists in Türkiye. Since PBC is the primary driver of intention, policy interventions should focus on empowering pharmacists through specialised training and expanding their professional autonomy to better integrate travel health into community pharmacy practice.

The accessibility-sustainability paradox: Optimizing the community pharmacist's role in public health.

Community pharmacies play a vital role in delivering primary healthcare services, particularly in developing countries where accessibility and affordability are critical. In recent years, the concept of service quality has gained increasing attention as a determinant of customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study evaluates the dimensions of service quality in community pharmacy practice and examines their influence on customer loyalty. The research adopts a conceptual and analytical approach by integrating established service quality frameworks with pharmaceutical care practices. Key dimensions such as accessibility, pharmacist competence, interpersonal behavior, drug availability, counseling effectiveness, and pricing transparency are analyzed. The study finds that relational aspects of service delivery, especially pharmacist–patient interaction and counseling, have a stronger impact on customer loyalty compared to structural factors. The findings highlight the need for community pharmacies to adopt patient-centered service models to enhance long-term customer relationships and healthcare outcomes. Community pharmacies play a vital role in delivering primary healthcare services. This study evaluates service quality dimensions and their influence on customer loyalty. Findings indicate that pharmacist behavior and counseling significantly impact loyalty.

We previously built and validated the Electronic Asthma Management System (eAMS)-a clinic-based asthma computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) which is in clinical use. Herein, we sought to adapt and optimize the eAMS for implementation in community pharmacy practice. We iteratively developed a system prototype (the eAMS-Pharm) with input from clinical pharmacists, and asthma, knowledge translation, and eHealth experts. After face-validation by three external community pharmacists, we used a rapid-cycle development process for optimization of system design (format), content, and user workflows (usability). This involved a sequential and repeated three-stage process: (1) system prototype demonstration and testing in 90min, semi-structured virtual focus groups with target end-users; (2) analysis of focus group findings; and (3) corresponding modifications to the prototype, then re-testing in another focus group. This process continued until we reached pre-defined stopping criteria. We used a questionnaire to gather demographic information and further usability data and feedback. Community pharmacy team members were recruited from an existing pharmacy database. Stopping criteria were met after six focus group cycles with 28 participants [23 (83%) pharmacists, 4 (14%) registered pharmacy technicians/assistants, and 1 (3%) pharmacy student]. User feedback and corresponding system improvements spanned usability, workflow, and prescriber communication domains. The optimized system consisted of a pharmacy portal with a patient dashboard, patient and provider versions of a point-of-care questionnaire, an interactive CDSS producing guideline-based recommendations, automated documentation, and pre-formatted prescriber communications. The System Usability Scale score was 82.9 ± 16.8 (maximum 100), and user responses to Likert scale-based assessments of eAMS-Pharm design, content, workflow, impact, and overall impressions were highly favorable. We built and optimized a chronic disease CDSS for use in community pharmacies, identifying and addressing pharmacy-specific barriers to implementation. The system achieved a high system usability score and highly favorable ratings for perceived system benefits, likelihood of clinical use, and patient benefits. The eAMS-Pharm can now be evaluated for uptake, care impact, and outcome impact in real-world settings. Our findings surrounding users' design, content, and usability/workflow preferences, and our unique development strategy, can also inform future pharmacy-based chronic disease CDSS design.

Vaccination is vital to public health, yet community pharmacists (CPs) face many challenges in its delivery. As highly accessible healthcare professionals, pharmacists play an essential role in promoting vaccination through education, counselling, and administration, thereby improving immunization coverage and preventing disease. This study aimed to identify and categorize the barriers faced by CPs in Greece when providing vaccination services, focusing on challenges related to patients, governmental policies, pharmacists, and interprofessional collaboration. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a 24-item questionnaire developed after an extensive literature review. The survey was distributed to CPs in Athens between October and December 2024, with 234 responses collected. The instrument assessed difficulties concerning vaccine administration, patient interactions, regulatory barriers, and professional collaboration. Qualitative insights were also gathered through informal discussions. Ethical approval was granted by the Pharmaceutical Association of Attica, which also endorsed the study. Four major barriers were identified: patient-related issues (e.g. hesitancy, misinformation), government-related obstacles (e.g. regulatory gaps, inadequate remuneration), pharmacist-specific challenges (e.g. limited training, workload), and weak interprofessional collaboration. Younger pharmacists (≤50years) and those with ≤10years of experience were more likely to report vaccine hesitancy (P = .008) and to have received additional training (P = .006). Early-career pharmacists also frequently cited understaffing as a major issue (P = .015). Despite significant barriers, CPs in Greece remain highly motivated to promote vaccination. Strengthening regulation, interprofessional cooperation, and continuous pharmacist training could enhance vaccine uptake and consolidate pharmacists' contribution to public health.

Community pharmacy practice in Europe has evolved, expanding beyond dispensing roles to include preventive, counselling, and clinical services. However, evidence on the implementation, reimbursement, and regulation of these services across the European Union (EU) remains limited, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding these developments is crucial to inform workforce planning, funding frameworks, and the integration of pharmacists into primary care. With limited healthcare resources, investing in pharmacy-based public health interventions leverages pharmacies' accessibility, geographic distribution, trusted patient relationships, and skilled workforce. This study aimed to update the mapping of community pharmacy services (CPS) across Europe, comparing 2025 data with pre-pandemic (2020) findings, and to examine trends in service provision, reimbursement, and regulatory barriers from a health policy perspective. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among national pharmacy associations in all 27 EU Member States and six neighbouring countries (n = 33), to contextualise EU findings within the wider European pharmacy practice landscape. A previously validated instrument was used to collect data on 47 CPS, including implementation level and reimbursement status. Responses were validated through national review, and data were analysed descriptively and compared with 2020 results. Across the 33 countries, a median of 26 services per country was reported (range: 9-43). Using a consistent data collection instrument and methodology, 77% (n = 36) of mapped CPS were available in a greater number of countries in 2025 than in 2020. Notable growth was observed in vaccination (10-19 countries), medication reconciliation (7-15), and first-time dispensing interventions (11-16). Public reimbursement increased for 49% (n = 23) of services between 2020 and 2025, with the largest increases in vaccination (+ 5 countries), screening (+ 4 countries), and dose administration aids (+ 3 countries). Despite this progress, variation between countries persists, alongside regulatory and operational barriers (remuneration, workforce capacity and interprofessional integration). Since 2020, CPS have expanded across Europe, with wider availability and, in some cases, progression from pilots or individual provision to national implementation. Wider and more sustainable implementation appears to depend on supportive regulatory frameworks and public remuneration.

Abstract Introduction Drug-related problems (DRPs) are a common issue in community pharmacies, but their documentation is inconsistent, thereby potentially decreasing continuity of care for patients, interprofessional cooperation between healthcare providers and development of pharmacists’ clinical role. Behavioural determinants as outlined in the COM-B model (capacity, opportunity, motivation, behaviour) and theoretical domains framework (TDF) influence the extent and way pharmacists record DRPs. They can also inform the implementation of changing documentation practices in community pharmacies. Recent research has increasingly applied behavioural theories to identify determinants of behaviour or facilitators and barriers to the implementation of pharmacy services but their systematic application to intervention development remains limited.[1] Aim The aim of this study was to explore the acceptability, feasibility and perceived impact of structured, theory-guided candidate interventions designed to support DRP documentation in community pharmacies across Austria. Methods This study used the Behaviour change Techniques Taxonomy v.1 and the Theory and Techniques tool to link the mechanisms of action identified in previous focus group to behaviour change techniques (BCTs).[2] These BCTs informed the modelling of three theory derived candidate interventions aimed at improving DRPs documentation in community pharmacy practice. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit Austrian community pharmacists previously engaged in earlier phases of the research program. Semi-structured interviews, with questions structured around the APEASE criteria (Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Spill-over effects, and Equity) explored community pharmacists’ views on the candidate interventions. Verbatim transcripts were deductively coded in MAXQDA24 using a combination of the COM-B and TDF model to generate themes. Results Thirteen community pharmacists from eight distinct Austrian states participated in the interviews. Participants’ responses suggested multiple behavioural determinants, with combinations of the candidate interventions being the most acceptable, especially when in line with existing capability and opportunity factors such as professional skills, decision processes, environmental context and social influences. Feasibility was also linked to including workflow integration, the social and professional role and clarity of responsibilities. Equity and safety concerns such as increased legal accountability, possible imbalances between different pharmacies and feasibility of nationwide implementation were recurrent themes. Conclusion A combination of the proposed interventions was considered effective and acceptable. However, to transition from theoretical efficacy to practical feasibility the capability, opportunity and motivational factors identified must be addressed. Key priorities include an enhanced education, reinforcement of professional identity and policy changes to improve interprofessional workflows. A limitation of this study is the use of pharmacists previously engaged in the research thereby introducing selection bias; however, their prior involvement facilitated more reflective and trustful discussions.

The aim of this scoping review is to identify studies that explore consumer, pharmacist, or medical practitioner perceptions of community pharmacy practice and ascertain if perceptions differ across demographic groups and location. In both mainstream and professional media, there are conflicting opinions regarding the professional capabilities of community pharmacists and their roles in the healthcare team, with negative perceptions portraying pharmacists as little more than business entrepreneurs. Such perceptions can limit pharmacists' ability to provide prompt delivery of optimal person-centred care. This article outlines a protocol for a scoping review of the literature that will investigate the perceptions held of community pharmacists' role and scope of practice by consumers, medical practitioners, and pharmacists. Eligible studies will be those exploring the perceptions of community pharmacists held by consumers, medical practitioners, or pharmacists, conducted anywhere in the top five Commonwealth countries (ranked by GDP per capita). Studies published prior to 2015, and those discussing embedded GP clinics, aged care, and hospital pharmacy services will be excluded. The review will be undertaken in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science are the databases that will be searched for peer reviewed journal articles. Titles, abstracts, and the full text of potential studies will be screened by one reviewer, with exclusions referred to a second reviewer for confirmation, and discrepancies resolved by consensus. Two independent reviewers will extract pertinent data for analysis.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) proliferates in society, community pharmacists must make decisions as to how to responsibly adopt this technology in their practice. Currently, there are few regulatory requirements or tools to support pharmacists in ensuring safe and ethical integration of AI in their work. An exploratory qualitative study of community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada was undertaken to examine their needs for guidance, regulation, and support in adopting AI in their practice. Semi-structured interviews with 24 community pharmacists were undertaken to the point of thematic saturation. Constant-comparative analysis highlighted three key themes: (a) currently, AI is being used in unstandardized and unregulated ways; (b) pharmacists desire guidance or regulation focused on patient safety considerations; and (c) in the absence of regulation, ad hoc informal decision making is occurring. With or without formal regulation, AI is being adopted in pharmacy practice. Current reliance on informal network support without clear regulatory guidance raises concerns for pharmacists regarding patient safety and their work as professionals.

Community pharmacists' perceptions of their work-related quality-of-life: Implications for pharmacists' well-being, compassionate patient care, and relationships.

Extended pharmacy services (EPS) encompass comprehensive healthcare interventions beyond traditional medication dispensing, representing a paradigmatic shift toward patient-centered pharmaceutical care. While well-established internationally, EPS implementation remains limited in Pakistan due to regulatory gaps and insufficient public awareness. This study evaluated current EPS provision in Pakistani community pharmacies and identified key implementation barriers. A cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was conducted between July toOctober 2024 in Karachi, Pakistan. Data collection utilized online and in-person questionnaires comprising 12 structured items addressing EPS knowledge, perceptions, and demographic characteristics among 220 community pharmacy professionals. The Questionnaire's reliability was validated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.705). Among 220 respondents (127 pharmacists, 93 pharmacy technicians), Medication Therapy Management emerged as the most frequently offered extended service (45.5%). Primary implementation barriers included workload and time constraints (56.4%), insufficient staffing (44.1%), and medication shortages (47.3%). While 43.6% demonstrated EPS familiarity, 49.5% reported no specialized training. Most respondents perceived EPS as valuable healthcare additions (65.5%) and anticipated significant future expansion (58%). Study findings reveal Pakistan's community pharmacy practice remains predominantly dispensing-focused despite growing recognition of expanded pharmacist roles nationwide. Barriers reflect significant systemic challenges requiring coordinated multisectoral interventions across regulatory, educational, and infrastructure domains to enable sustainable EPS implementation. Extended pharmacy services present significant opportunities for Pakistani healthcare advancement but require comprehensive paradigmatic shifts through legal frameworks, enhanced professional training, and increased stakeholder awareness to successfully transform community pharmacists into fully recognized clinical healthcare providers nationwide.

Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health challenge, and digital health technologies offer new opportunities to support self-management. Mobile applications can benefit both patients and healthcare professionals; however, awareness and integration of these tools into community pharmacy practice remain limited. As accessible frontline providers, pharmacists are well positioned to promote digital health, yet their readiness and engagement require further investigation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among community pharmacists in Serbia using a structured questionnaire. Developed through a consensus-based process, the instrument assessed pharmacists’ awareness, attitudes, and experiences with digital health technologies, focusing on mobile applications for diabetes self-management. Only 15.8% of pharmacists were aware of such applications, and 2.4% reported receiving relevant training. Higher digital health technology literacy was associated with greater awareness, confidence, and preference for digital learning. Most participants supported expanding pharmacists’ roles in advising patients on digital tools and expressed interest in structured education and official guidance. These findings indicate limited awareness and training in mobile health applications among community pharmacists. Enhancing digital competencies through targeted education and structured guidance may facilitate greater integration of digital tools into routine pharmacy practice and strengthen pharmacists’ roles in chronic disease management.